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What Causes Ice Ages?

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What Causes Ice Ages?

Within Earth (Endogenic)

Carbonate-Silicate Cycle

Volcanic Eruptions - Sudden output of CO2 (warming) or particulates (cooling)

Mountain Building - Changes in atmospheric circulation

Continent-Ocean configuration

Outside Earth (Exogenic)

Changes in Sun (faint early sun)

Variations in Earth Orbit (Milankovitch Cycles)

Don't Really Know

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Are We Headed For Another Ice Age?

Heating & Cooling in Historic Times

Smoke, Haze, CO2 May Alter Climate

Don't Really Know

Global warming due to fossil fuels may be catastrophic in many ways, but will probably not much affect these longer-term cycles. We will have run out of fossil fuels long before the duration of a typical interglacial.

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The Snowball Earth

Between 900 and 600 m.y. ago, Earth froze completely (or almost) about four times

Global freezing alternated with extremely rapid sea-level rise and global warming

Evidence:

Glacial deposits on all continents, even at low latitudes

Glacial deposits immediately succeeded by thick deposits of carbonate rocks

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The Snowball Earth

Possible reasons:

Fainter early sun

Biological changes

Global ice cover

Weathering and erosion shut down

Volcanoes continue to erupt CO2

At 10% CO2, abrupt warming begins

Go from –50 C to +50 C in 10,000 years?

Implications for life?

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