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1 | Column 10 | L | Name | Degree enrolled in | Discipline/Department | University/College | Area/s of research specialization | Name of Adviser/Mentor/Supervisor | POSTER ABSTRACT (with title and authors, First author is the applicant) | Sponsored by: | |||||||
2 | NAME | DEGREE ENROLLED IN | DISCIPLINE / DEPARTMENT | UNIVERSITY / COLLEGE | AREA/S OF RESEARCH SPECIALIZATION | NAME OF ADVISER/MENTOR/ SUPERVISOR | ABSTRACT | TO BE SPONSORED BY: | |||||||||
3 | 1 | Ric John L. Ombid | PhD | Auckland Bioengineering Insitute | University of Auckland | Bioengineering | Justin Fernandez | A clue to ADHD using brain signatures Ric John Ombid1,2 | Xirui Zhao1 | Paul Condron2 | Gil Newburn2 | Alan Wang1,5 | Karen Waldie3,4 | Samantha Holdsworth2,4,5 | Hesamoddin Jahanian7 | Justin Fernandez1,2,6 1Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, New Zealand | 2Mātai Medical Research Institute, New Zealand | 3Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, New Zealand | 4Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, New Zealand | 5Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand | 6Department of Engineering Science and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Auckland, New Zealand | 7University of Washington, U.S.A. Abstract: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by impaired attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Despite extensive neuroimaging research, findings on brain connectivity in ADHD remain inconsistent, particularly in dynamic functional connectivity (DFC) analyses. We hypothesize that these inconsistencies may partly arise from the longer repetition time (TR ≥ 2s) used in conventional fMRI. This could potentially obscure the rapid neural dynamics of the brain critical to understanding ADHD. To address this, we employed simultaneous multislice (SMS) fMRI (TR = 0.43s) to investigate resting-state neural dynamics in 31 ADHD participants (34 ± 11 years) and 26 neurotypical (NT) controls (23 ± 7 years). Using the Power atlas (236 ROIs, 12 networks), we calculated both static functional connectivity (SFC) and DFC using sliding-window analysis (window = 30.1s, overlap = 1 TR) and k-means clustering. SFC analysis revealed no significant group differences across all networks. However, dynamic state metrics identified five distinct brain states, with ADHD participants spending significantly less time in a multi-sensory connectivity state (State 1) (U = 548.500, p = 0.020, r = −0.361) but exhibited longer dwell times in a hypoconnected state (State 4) (t = −2.169, p = 0.034, d = −0.562). These findings demonstrate that sub-second SMS fMRI reveals temporal network disruptions in ADHD that are undetectable with conventional SFC analysis. This suggests that ADHD involves dynamic connectivity instabilities rather than static deficits. | |||||||||
4 | 2 | Karen Mae B. Bolipata | MS | Physics Department | De La Salle University/ College of Science | Material Science | Dr. Gil Nonato C. Santos and Dr. Toni Beth G. Lopez | Synthesized ZnO doped with Cu for Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) Dosimeter Application Karen Mae B. Bolipata1*, Gil Nonato C. Santos Ph.D.1, Toni-Beth Lopez, Ph.D. 1, Mon Bryan Z. Gili, Ph.D. 2 1Department of Physics , De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, Malate, Manila, 0922 Philippines 2Department of Science and Technology – Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (DOST-PNRI), Commonwealth Avenue, Diliman, Quezon City, 1101 Metro Manila, Philippines Abstract: Radiation dosimetry is essential in medical settings to ensure accurate quantification of ionizing radiation exposure for patient safety and occupational monitoring. Among available techniques, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimeter use to monitor especially for patient dose verification and occupational exposure in hospitals. Conventional materials such as Al2O3:C (Aluminum oxide doped with Carbon) and BeO (Beryllium oxide) are effective but expensive, toxic, and limited availability. Recent studies identified Zinc oxide (ZnO) as a promising alternative due to its wide band gap, chemical stability, and biocompatibility[1]. Furthermore, doping ZnO with copper (Cu) enhances luminescence by introducing efficient trapping centers and improving OSL performance [2]. Despite these advantages, limited work explores ZnO:Cu through a cost-effective process. This study investigates the potential of synthesized and pelletized Cu-doped ZnO (ZnO:Cu) via the sol-gel method as a novel OSL dosimeter. The synthesized materials are characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and OSL readout. Zinc acetate dihydrate serves as the Zn source, while cupric acetate monohydrate provides the Cu dopant. Both are dissolved and continuously stirred to achieve a homogeneous solution. It undergoes aging, drying, and calcination to produce the ZnO:Cu powder. Then it sintered at high temperatures to enhance crystallinity and reduce porosity. Annealing follows to improve trap structure formation and promote defect stabilization. After thermal treatment, the samples undergo irradiation treatment to activate luminescent centers relevant for optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) applications. OSL readout is performed to evaluate dosimetric performance, including sensitivity, and signal stability, thereby assessing the material’s suitability. This ongoing study aims to establish the suitability of Cu-doped ZnO synthesized to be a new material for OSL dosimetry. Preliminary results reveal enhanced luminescence attributed to Cu-induced trapping centers, suggesting improved OSL sensitivity. The synthesized pellets exhibit good structural integrity, indicating effective dopant incorporation[3]. Initial OSL responses demonstrate promising signal intensity and repeatability[4]. These findings support ZnO:Cu’s potential as a non-toxic, cost-effective alternative to conventional materials. Further investigations, including dose-response and stability testing, are underway to comprehensively evaluate its applicability in clinical and environmental dosimetry. | |||||||||
5 | ok to share | 3 | Gerardo V. Ilagan | MS | Chemistry/ Department of Chemistry | Ateneo De Manila University | Environmental Analytical Chemistry | Armando M. Guidote Jr., Ph.D. | Beyond the Parent Compound: Targeted Screening of Potential Antibiotic Degradation Products in Surface Water Gerardo V. Ilagan, Ian Ken D. Dimzon and Armando M. Guidote Jr. Abstract: Antibiotics released into aquatic environments undergo various processes such as biotransformation, photodegradation, and other degradation pathways. While these processes can reduce the concentration of the parent compounds, some transformation products are more persistent or toxic, potentially contributing to antimicrobial resistance. In the Philippines, monitoring efforts have begun to detect parent antibiotics in surface waters; however, the environmental fate of their degradation products remains largely uncharacterized, creating a significant gap in risk assessment and AMR surveillance. In this study, the potential degradation products of three widely used veterinary antibiotics—penicillin G (PenG), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), and oxytetracycline (OTC)—under realistic surface water conditions (ambient temperature and lighting; semi-aerobic) were examined. Analysis was performed using Liquid Chromatography-Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) via a targeted screening approach, employing precursor-to-product ion transitions to identify metabolites based on established fragmentation patterns. The results revealed that SMX degraded into aniline and 3-amino-5-methylisoxazole, which suggests that the resulting products may be more toxic than the parent antibiotic. PenG hydrolyzes into penillic and penilloic acids, which, despite lacking antibacterial activity, remain as potential allergens. OTC produces N-desmethyl and N-didesmethyl derivatives through biotransformation. These metabolites are structurally significant as they may retain antimicrobial potency, potentially driving selective pressure for resistance. The results indicate that degradation does not eliminate potential risk, since the potentially identified products are stable and may be harmful. Future studies could utilize high-resolution mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance to confirm the identity of these degradation products. This research work underscores the importance of considering antibiotic degradation products in the context of antibiotic resistance. Keywords: antimicrobial resistance, antibiotic degradation, targeted analysis, LC-MS/MS | ||||||||
6 | 4 | BRYLLE D. SAMSON | PhD | Doctor of Information Technology/College of Computer Studies | De La Salle University - Manila | logistics innovation, technology adoption, and AI integration and Social Science and Humanities | Dr. Joel Ilao | Enhancing Last-Mile Delivery through Parcel Lockers: A Socio-Technical Study of Adoption in the Philippines Brylle D. Samson1,2 Joel Ilao2, Greg Foliente 2,3 1Cavite State University – Silang Campus, Silang, Cavite 2Advanced Research Institute for Informatics, Computing and Networking (AdRIC), College of Computer Studies, De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines 3The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia Abstract: The rapid growth of e-commerce has intensified demand for efficient, sustainable last-mile delivery systems, particularly in developing countries such as the Philippines. Traditional home delivery methods often face operational challenges, including traffic congestion, failed delivery attempts, rising fuel costs, and increasing environmental impacts. Parcel locker systems have emerged as an innovative self-service technology that enables secure, flexible, and contactless parcel retrieval while supporting delivery consolidation and logistics optimization. Despite these advantages, the adoption of parcel locker infrastructure in the Philippines remains limited. From a socio-technical perspective, parcel locker adoption is shaped by the interaction between technological infrastructure and social acceptance environments. Technological determinants, particularly system efficiency, infrastructure accessibility, and security assurance, play a significant role in driving utilization, while social factors such as peer influence and user trust reinforce adoption behavior. This study investigates the factors influencing parcel locker adoption using an extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) framework. A sequential mixed-methods approach is employed, integrating a nationwide survey with focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews among key stakeholders, including consumers, logistics providers and facility owners. Aligned with the Physical Internet paradigm, parcel lockers function as decentralized logistics nodes that support delivery consolidation, reduce transportation emissions, and contribute to more sustainable urban logistics systems. The findings aim to support the development of the Physical Internet Roadmap for the Philippines and to provide insights for policymakers, logistics companies, and technology providers seeking to modernize last-mile delivery infrastructure. | |||||||||
7 | 5 | Edward C. Banico | MS | Molecular Biology and Biotechnology | University of the Philippines Los Banos | Structural Bioinformatics and Molecular Modeling | Andrew D. Montecillo, PhD | Characterization of Henipavirus Attachment Glycoprotein Binding to Mammalian Ephrin-B2 Receptors using Molecular Modeling and Simulations for Predicting Spillover Risk in Humans and Livestock Authors: Edward C. Banico, Andrew D. Montecillo Abstract: Henipaviruses, such as Nipah and Hendra virus, are zoonotic pathogens capable of infecting a wide range of mammalian hosts. Understanding the molecular determinants of their host specificity is critical for predicting their spillover events. This study investigates the attachment G protein variants of Henipavirus species to determine whether their sequence variations correlate with host tropism. The G protein mediates the viral entry by binding to host ephrin receptors, initiating attachment to host cells and influencing the virus’s ability to infect different mammalian species. Sequence analysis revealed distinct G protein motifs associated with specific mammalian hosts, suggesting evolutionary adaptation. To assess the functional impact of these variations, representative variants were modeled with ephrin receptors from bats, their natural reservoir, as well as pigs, horses, and humans, which serve as intermediate hosts. Molecular dynamics simulations under near-physiological conditions were performed, and binding affinities were estimated to evaluate interaction strength and infer potential cross-species infectivity, particularly for variants with no known records of infection in livestock or humans. Predicted interactions and host preferences are further validated through in vitro binding assays to confirm the relevance of the identified motifs. By integrating computational and experimental approaches, this study provides insights into viral-host interactions and informs risk assessment and the development of preventive strategies for emerging Henipavirus infections. | Sponsored by Homer Pantua | ||||||||
8 | 6 | Jomari F. Tan | PhD | Civil Engineering | De La Salle University | Structural engineering | Dr. Lessandro Garciano | Industrializing Engineered Bamboo Construction through Disruptive Technologies Authors: Jomari Tan Abstract: The Philippines sits at the intersection of two urgent imperatives: a structural housing deficit exceeding six million units and a climate crisis demanding radical decarbonization of the built environment. Engineered bamboo, industrially processed through lamination, strand weaving, and composite fabrication, offers a scientifically validated, rapidly renewable alternative to conventional timber and steel. This policy paper examines the global and domestic trajectories of engineered bamboo construction, evaluates the disruptive technologies accelerating its industrial scaling, and analyzes the facilitating factors and barriers shaping adoption in the Philippine context. Drawing on a review of international best practices, existing Philippine legislation, and sectoral stakeholder perspectives, the paper advances a comprehensive policy framework across five domains: legislative reform, research and development investment, industry development, workforce training, and institutional governance. Concrete legislative actions are proposed for incorporation into a proposed Bamboo Industry Development Act and complementary executive instruments. The paper argues that, through strategic policy intervention and coordinated public-private investment, the Philippines can position itself as the regional hub for engineered bamboo manufacturing, transforming a native ecological resource into an engine of green economic growth, climate resilience, and inclusive rural development | |||||||||
9 | own arrangements | 7 | James Benedict Cuesta | MA | Economics | Ateneo de Manila University | Applied Economics in Corporate Finance, Climate Finance, and Technology Economics | Geoffrey Ducanes | The S&T Absorptive Capacity Deficit: Econometric Evidence of Skill-Complementary Technological Change for Inclusive National Development James Benedict G. Cuesta Ateneo de Manila University Abstract: As developing economies forge their future anchored to the use of technology amid the rapid advent of artificial intelligence and digital globalization, national science and technology (S&T) frameworks often operate on the assumption that technological accumulation significantly drives macroeconomic growth. However, historical macroeconomic trajectories suggest that treating digital infrastructure as a standalone solution creates a systemic defect. This study investigates the persistence of the "Solow Paradox" within the Philippine service-led economy, a premier global hub for business process outsourcing. Utilizing an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach on time-series data from 1990 to 2023, the model achieves complete statistical adequacy. By capturing these complex macroeconomic dynamics, the research bridges a critical gap in existing literature, offering a vital foundation for sound structural economic reforms throughout the rapidly digitalizing Philippines. The empirical findings reveal a severe "Solow Penalty": the isolated accumulation of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) capital significantly reduces long-run Total Factor Productivity (β = -1.055). The result demonstrates that deploying advanced technology into an underprepared workforce causes severe resource misallocation, software bloat, and operational waste. Crucially, introducing a human capital interaction term mathematically reverses this Solow penalty, resulting in a highly significant positive elasticity (β = 1.402). For policymakers, foreign investors, and the engineering community, these results provide a definitive quantitative mandate that true transformation of the national S&T landscape requires simultaneously engineering the absorptive capacity of the workforce through targeted educational investments. By ensuring that technological change is strictly skill-complementary, emerging economies can therefore bypass the Solow trap, mitigate digital disruption, and unlock genuinely inclusive, long-term national development. | ||||||||
10 | 8 | Yokimiko D. Torrejos | PhD | Biology / Department of Biology | De La Salle University / College of Science | Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Plant Biotechnology, Microbial Metabolic Engineering, Industrial Biotechnology, Biosensor Development | Dr. Mark Christian Felipe R. Redillas | SNP-based genetic and structural insights into nitrogen-related genes of Philippine rice varieties Yokimiko D. Torrejos, Chona Camille V.C. Abeledo, Jose Isagani B. Janairo, Ramil Mauleon, Mark Christian Felipe R. Redillas* Department of Biology, De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines International Rice Research Institute, Laguna, Philippines Abstract: Improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in rice through precision agriculture and marker-assisted breeding is vital for sustainable crop production. Although numerous genes associated with nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in rice have been identified, the functional consequences of naturally occurring SNPs in these genes remain poorly understood, particularly in Philippine rice varieties. This gap limits the effective use of molecular markers in precision breeding programs aimed at improving nitrogen assimilation and grain productivity. In this study, six key genes representing nitrogen uptake (OsNRT1.1B, OsAMT1.2), assimilation (OsGS1, OsGOGAT), and ureide transport/metabolism (OsUPS1, OsALN) were analyzed for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across Philippine rice varieties using the IRIC SNP-Seek database. Among 163 varieties, OsUPS1 and OsGOGAT were the most polymorphic, with 170 and 59 SNPs respectively, while OsGS1 showed the fewest. Variants were distributed across 5′UTR, 3′UTR, intronic, and exonic regions. Correlation analysis revealed significant associations between OsGOGAT variants and higher 100-grain weight (>3.4 g), a trait linked to improved NUE. Notably, two synonymous (c.4644A>G, c.2085C>T) and one missense (c.4701A>T, Glu→Asp) variants were enriched in high-grain-weight varieties. To explore functional implications, structural modeling and ligand docking with glutamine were performed. Several variants exhibited altered binding affinities, with some introducing new interacting residues suggestive of allosteric effects. Protein stability was further assessed using ΔΔG values, classifying mutations as stabilizing or destabilizing, while structural deviation was quantified by RMSD. For example, P67L and A890S were destabilizing and induced local deviations, whereas N1040D and E2152G stabilized the protein with minimal conformational change. Altogether, this study identifies SNP markers associated with NUE-related phenotypes and demonstrates the combined utility of structural modeling, ligand docking, stability, and deviation analysis for interpreting the functional significance of naturally occurring variants. These findings provide a foundation for marker-assisted breeding strategies aimed at enhancing nitrogen assimilation and grain productivity in rice. Keywords: Oryza sativa, nitrogen, NUE, SNPs, SNP-Seek Database, 100-grain weight | |||||||||
11 | 9 | Dezcery A. Valena | MS | Forestry | College of Forestry and Natural Resources, UP Los Banos | Forest resource management | Dr. Nico Jayson Anastacio | From Indigenous Practice to Ecological Indicators: A Case Study of Paglulubok in Sagada, Mountain Province Author: Dezcery A. Valena Abstract: Indigenous knowledge is believed to have important ecological insights accumulated through generations of their observation and practice in the community, however, translating this information into modern scientific frameworks remains a challenge that requires interdisciplinary integration (Ray, 2022). In the Philippines, limited research has systematically addressed this translation gap, especially in the context of soil management. This study aims to develop a structured approach for documenting an indigenous soil knowledge and linking its processes to measurable soil and ecosystem-related processes. Field documentation and key informant interviews were conducted to characterize the processes and socio-cultural context of trench-based biomass burial which is locally called paglulubok, an indigenous practice in Sagada, Mountain Province. A focused literature review identified comparable indigenous and agroecological soil enhancement systems along with their documented ecological mechanisms. Based on these literatures, a stepwise analytical approach was developed linking practice to biophysical processes such as organic matter decomposition, nutrient cycling, and soil aggregation. These mechanisms were then linked to corresponding ecological indicators, including soil organic matter, nutrient availability, and carbon-related functions. The framework outlines how these indicators can inform broader ecosystem service categories, including carbon storage and nutrient retention. In addition, soil analyses were conducted through systematic sample collection and laboratory testing of key soil parameters, providing a deeper understanding of soil conditions and their role in ecosystem functioning. The case study demonstrates that the indigenous practice has identifiable ecological mechanisms that can be systematically interpreted within scientific assessment. By translating indigenous soil practices into structured ecological indicators, this approach offers a practical process for integrating local knowledge into contemporary science research. Such integration supports climate-resilient upland agriculture and contributes to more inclusive and locally grounded development within Philippine science and policies. | |||||||||
12 | 10 | Francis John G. Felecis | MS | Biology (Systematics) / Institute of Biological Sciences | Central Mindanao University | Trees and Forest structure | Dr. Fulgent P. Coritico | Diversity of Trees and Forest Structure in Talangisog Forest Park and Viewpoint, Gingoog City, Misamis Oriental, Northern Mindanao, Philippines Authors: Francis John G. Felecis, Victor B. Amoroso, Noel E. Lagunday, Maria Melanie P. Medecilo-Guiang, Carrel Debonnaire Naces, Joseph Paquit, Fulgent P. Coritico Abstract: Talangisog Forest Park and Viewpoint, located in Eureka, Gingoog City, Misamis Oriental, is one of the remaining tropical lowland evergreen rainforests in Mindanao; however, its forest composition and structure remain poorly studied. This study aimed to establish baseline data on tree species composition, diversity, description of sampling stations, forest structure, and conservation status. A total of 32 sampling plots, each measuring 20 x 20 meters, were established for tree surveys. Floristic studies from 4 stations documented a total of 803 individual trees representing 66 species (116 morpho-species), 48 genera, and 36 families. The dominant families were the Dipterocarpaceae (15%), Fagaceae (8%), and Moraceae (6%). The 4 study stations differed in species composition, elevation, and structure in terms of tree height and diameter classes. Three stations exhibited a high diversity value and 1 moderate diversity value, indicating that the area harbors diverse species of trees and a relatively even distribution. Most trees were categorized as lower canopy (1–15 m) and high diameter classes (≥ 40 cm). The highest Importance Value Index was observed at higher elevations and declined toward lower elevations, with Shorea sp. 3 recording the highest IVI at 44.7. The study identified 13 Philippine endemic tree species, 13 classified as threatened, 22 listed as Least Concern (LC), and Shorea malibato Foxw. which is categorized as Critically Endangered by the DENR. Talangisog Forest Park and Viewpoint is home to various lifeforms and native forest cover, and implementing stronger protection and sustainable forest management is recommended. | |||||||||
13 | 2 | 11 | Ken Bien Mar L. Caballes | MS | Plant Biology Division, Institute of Biological Sciences | Central Mindanao University | Plant Biodiversity and Conservation | Fulgent P. Coritico, PhD | Riparian Under Threat: Species Composition, Assessment, And Ecological Threats of Understory Seed Plants in the Upstream Sawaga River, Malaybalay City, Bukidnon, Philippines Authors: Ken Bien Mar L. Caballes*, Joylinber P. Tandingan, Angela Grace T. Bruno, Eric N. Bruno, Maria Melanie M. Guiang, Noe P. Mendez Abstract: This study presents an inventory of understory seed plants along the riparian forest of upstream Sawaga River in Malaybalay City, Bukidnon, Philippines, assessing their conservation status, endemism, and ecological threats. Repeated transect walks along the two-kilometer established trail and opportunistic sampling documented a total of 75 species belonging to 61 genera and 27 families, with Araceae as the most species-rich family with 14 species. Crepidium purpureum (Lindl.) Szlach. represents a new distribution record for Mindanao, while Aeschynanthus asclepioides (Elmer) B.L.Burtt & P.Woods, Cyrtandra pallidiifolia Kraenzl., and Rhynchoglossum obliquum Blume are new records for Bukidnon province. Five threatened species were identified, with three species classified as Endangered (Medinilla banahaensis Elmer, Dendrobium bullenianum Rchb.f., and Hedychium philippinense K.Schum.), one as Vulnerable (Clerodendrum lanuginosum Blume), and one under Other Threatened Species (Rhaphidophora korthalsii Schott). Twenty-three species were Philippine endemics, with three restricted to Mindanao. Triangulation of land-use/land-cover analysis, key informant interviews, and field observations identified land use change, deforestation, pollution, biodiversity decline, soil and geomorphological instability, climate-related stress, and invasive species as ecological threats to understory seed plants. These findings underscore both the high conservation value of the upstream Sawaga River and the vulnerability of the area to species loss. These further highlight the need for the reinforcement of the 40-m riparian buffer, habitat restoration, and sustained awareness campaigns and long-term biodiversity monitoring programs. | ||||||||
14 | 1 | 12 | Pamela Joy F. Orias | PhD | IBS-Plant Biology Division | Central Mindanao University | Plant Biology, Systematics, Ecology, Biodiversity | Dr. Fulgent P. Coritico | Developmental response of Isoetes philippinensis Merr. & Perry (Isoetaceae) to light and temperature conditions Pamela Joy F. Orias, Fulgent P. Coritico, April Joie D. Lagumbay, Maria Melanie M. Guiang, and Victor B. Amoroso Abstract: Isoetes philippinensis Merr. & Perry, a critically endangered and site-endemic aquatic quillwort, faces imminent extinction due to habitat loss and limited knowledge on reproduction. Mature megasporangia and microsporangia were collected, sterilized, and cultured in distilled water for observation on spore germination. Both micro- and megaspores successfully germinated in the tested media. This study provides the first detailed account of spore germination and early developmental stages in I. philippinensis, including microspore adhesion, collapse of the megaspore wall, observation of a slit along the triradiate ridges, archegonium development (with up to 10 archegonia recorded per megaspore), rhizoid formation, and the emergence of the first microphyll and root, accompanied by initial anatomical observations. | ||||||||
15 | 1 | 13 | Charissa Joy A. Gumban | PhD | Plant Biology | Central Mindanao University | Plant Biology and Systematics | Fulgent P. Coritico | Population and Host Tree Preference of Critically Endangered Platycerium grande (Fee) Kunze in Barangay Sta Clara, Kalamansig, Sultan Kudarat, Mindanao. Charissa Joy A. Gumban, Fulgent P. Coritico, Maria Melanie M. Guiang & Victor B. Amoroso ABSTRACT Platycerium grande, locally known capa de leon, is a critically endangered epiphytic fern with a highly restricted natural distribution in Mindanao. Despite its importance, information on its habitat preference and population count is wanting. This study determined the host tree preference, population and host tree attributes affecting the abundance in two sites namely: agroforest and coconut plantation. A total of 555 individuals were recorded on 117 host trees, with markedly higher population density in the coconut plantation (396 individuals) than in the agroforest (159 individuals). Sixteen host tree species were documented in 2 sites with an average of 4.60 individuals/tree. Coconut (Cocos nucifera) with 6.50 individuals/tree emerged as the dominant host, supporting the greatest number of P. grande individuals. This association reflects favorable microhabitat traits such as rough bark, open canopies, and slanted trunks that enhance moisture and spore establishment. Correlation analysis showed that P. grande abundance declined with increasing DBH (r = –0.366, p < 0.001) and tree height (r = –0.355, p < 0.001), indicating a preference for moderately sized trees. A weak negative correlation with growth zone (r = –0.219, p = 0.016) suggests greater occurrence on the lower to mid-trunk. In contrast, abundance increased with rough bark (r = 0.257, p = 0.005) and partially open canopies (r = 0.507, p < 0.001), showing these traits support more individuals. These results demonstrate that P. grande thrives under microhabitats balancing light exposure and moisture availability. Strengthening habitat protection, regulating wild harvesting, and promoting community-based propagation are essential for the long-term conservation of this threatened species. | ||||||||
16 | ok to share | 14 | Deanne Lorraine D. Cabalfin | Master in Development Economics (graduate) | Economics | University of the Philippines / School of Economics | Development Economics | Jose Ramon G. Albert, PhD | The Middle Class and Vulnerability to Income Poverty: Implications for Social Protection in the Philippines Deanne Lorraine D. Cabalfin, Jose Ramon G. Albert, PhD, Mohammad A. Mahmoud Abstract: The Philippines aspires to become a predominantly middle-class society by 2040. Significant strides have been achieved in the reduction of extreme poverty. However, the Covid-19 pandemic exposed the fragility of recent gains and the vulnerability of many households to economic shocks. This study examines the dynamics and characteristics of the middle-income class and analyzes household vulnerability to income poverty using the Family Income and Expenditure Survey and Labor Force Survey data from 2018, 2021 and 2023 using the methodology developed by Chaudhuri and Datt (2001). Traditional poverty measures underestimate the at-risk population. Vulnerability affects 30.0 percent of Filipino households, 2.75 times higher than the household poverty incidence of 10.9 percent in 2023. Households face vulnerability for distinctly different reasons. Eighty-six percent of vulnerable families experience income volatility, while seventy-three percent of the highly vulnerable have persistently low incomes. Stark rural-urban disparities also persist, with rural vulnerability incidence at 43.0 percent in contrast with 20.0 percent in urban areas. Regional variations of vulnerability range from 9.0 percent in the National Capital Region to 76.0 percent in rural BARMM. These findings have significant implications for the motivation and design of social protection systems in the country. Social protection must evolve from reactive poverty relief to a broader and proactive focus on resilience building. Differentiated interventions must be based on needs of specific segments: insurance and income stabilization mechanisms for the vulnerable majority who experience income volatility, and poverty reduction programs targeted for the low-income vulnerable. Infrastructure development, education, sectoral transition from agriculture to the highly productive sectors in services, industry and manufacturing, as well as climate risk management emerge as critical protective factors. Achieving the 2040 vision requires bold policy reforms that expand social protection to universal coverage aligned with upper middle-income country standards, strengthen household resilience, and address the structural factors that perpetuate vulnerability across sectors. | ||||||||
17 | 15 | Phillipe Miguel Pobre Dizon | MS | Department of Biomedical, Manufacturing, and Robotics Engineering | De La Salle University, Manila | Microfluidics; Hydrogel Mechanics; Organ-on-Chip Systems | Dr. Wilfred V. Espulgar | Hydrogel Deformation Analysis for Cell Biomechanical Compatibility in Microfluidic Systems Phillipe Miguel Dizon, Joseph Rey Sta. Agueda, Mariquit De Los Reyes, Bethena Clarisse Balanon, Flyn Daryl Falcon, and Wilfred V. Espulgar Abstract: This study presents an integrated experimental and computational framework for quantifying stress distribution in hydrogel-based microfluidic systems using microbead displacement tracking. Mechanical characterization within confined hydrogel environments remains a critical limitation in organ-on-chip development, particularly in assessing whether engineered matrices provide biomechanically compatible conditions for embedded cells. In this work, microbeads are embedded within a hydrogel matrix and serve as passive markers to capture deformation under controlled loading in a fabricated microfluidic device. An image-based tracking pipeline is implemented to extract displacement fields, which are subsequently converted into strain and stress distributions using continuum mechanics formulations and a linear elastic constitutive model. Finite element simulations (COMSOL) under equivalent loading conditions are used to generate reference deformation fields for validation. Results demonstrate strong agreement in spatial deformation trends between experimental measurements and FEM predictions, supporting the reliability of the proposed stress reconstruction approach. This work establishes a scalable and non-destructive method for internal stress mapping in hydrogel-based microfluidic platforms and provides a foundation for advancing mechanically informed organ-on-chip systems for tissue engineering and disease modeling in resource-constrained research environments. Keywords: Microfluidics; Hydrogel Mechanics; Microbead Displacement Tracking; Stress Mapping; Finite Element Method (FEM); Organ-on-Chip | |||||||||
18 | ok with arrangement | 16 | Carl Jefferson M. Madrid | MS | Chemistry | Adamson University | Chemistry, Material Science | Mr. Keith Limuel C. Bejasa, MSc. | EXTRACTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE (MCC) FROM AGAR PROCESSING RESIDUE OF Gracilariopsis heteroclada AND ITS APPLICATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BIO-BASED PACKAGING FILMS Carl Jefferson M. Madrid*, Keith Limuel C. Bejasa Adamson University - Chemistry Department, 900 San Marcelino St, Ermita, Manila, 1000 Metro Manila, Philippines *National Fisheries Research and Development Institute – Fisheries Postharvest Research and Development Division, Fisheries Building Complex, BPI Compound, Visayas Avenue, Quezon City, 1128 Metro Manila, Philippines Abstract: With growing environmental concerns over nonrenewable plastic waste, this study evaluated the potential of the underutilized seaweed species Gracilariopsis heteroclada as a sustainable alternative to land-based biomass for cellulose-based packaging film production. Agar was first extracted from G. heteroclada, after which the residual biomass was subjected to NaOCl bleaching and acid hydrolysis using 51% H2SO4 at varying treatment times (15, 30, and 60 min). Characterization of G. heteroclada revealed that only approximately 2% of its biomass was recovered as agar, while the remaining fraction, largely discarded, constituted a carbohydrate-rich residue (~90%), indicating strong potential for valorization. Post-acid hydrolysis characterizations confirmed the successful isolation of cellulose. FTIR analysis showed enhanced characteristic cellulose peaks, with stronger absorption bands at ~1030-1050 cm⁻¹ (C-O-C stretching) and 3300-3400 cm⁻¹ (O-H stretching). Thermogravimetric analysis exhibited major degradation peaks at 321 to 329 °C, consistent with cellulose decomposition. X-ray diffraction patterns conforms to Cellulose I crystalline structure, with a crystallinity index ranging from 54.4 to 66.7%. Under FESEM, the extracted cellulose displayed a distinct granular morphology with particle sizes ranging from 0.29 to 0.48 µm, consistent with the structural characteristics of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). 30-min hydrolysis achieved the optimal balance between the removal of non-cellulosic components and the preservation of cellulose crystallinity. Films developed from the extracted MCC exhibited relatively lower UV-blocking capacity (19-23% transmittance) and mechanical strength (σt=20.01±0.25 N/mm2; ɛb=1.14±0.18%) compared to conventional petroleum-based plastic films. However, it demonstrated a water vapor permeability of 1.86 × 10⁻¹¹ g/s·m·Pa, indicating improved moisture barrier property compared to other bio-based packaging materials. These findings highlight the potential of agar-extracted G. heteroclada residues as a viable and sustainable source of cellulose for biodegradable packaging applications, contributing to circular bioeconomy and product diversification initiatives in the Philippine seaweed industry. | ||||||||
19 | 17 | Rizalee S. Pilare | MS | Molecular Biology and Biotechnology | University of the Philippines Los Banos | Molecular biotechnology, Applied science, diagnostics | Remil L. Galay | Development of a Dry Format Loop Isothermal Amplification Test for African Swine Fever Virus Detection Authors: Rizalee Pilare1,2, Remil L. Galay1, Clarissa Yvonne Domingo2, Jorge Angeles1, Neilyn Villa1 1University of the Philippines Los Baños 2Blitzkrieg Animal Diagnostic Center Abstract: African Swine Fever (ASF) is an economically important disease that has caused significant losses to the swine industry and swine product market. It was first reported in the Philippines in 2019, resulting in 74 of 82 provinces affected nationwide as of August 2024. While real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) remains the gold standard and confirmatory test for diagnostic detection, a point-of-care tool is advantageous for rapid disease management. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a dry-format loop isothermal amplification (LAMP) test for ASF virus detection in blood and meat samples. A dry format of LAMP is a significant modification of the assay, utilizing trehalose as a lyoprotectant to address the need for cold storage during shipment and transportation. It was optimized at 60⁰C for 40 minutes, with 94.4% analytical sensitivity and 86.36% specificity, and an LOD of 5 to 50 gene copies. The PPV and NPV at 85% and 95% showed high accuracy of the assay to detect the disease, but have a tendency to detect false positives, as indicated by the PPV. The independent analysis of the positive LR of 6.941 and negative LR of 0.065 indicated high accuracy of the assay in detecting infected animals as positive and in ruling out the disease. Additionally, the McNemar test also showed that there is no significant difference among the means of the developed dry LAMP assay and the OIE standard RT-PCR test at 0.0625 p-value. Additionally, a field validation of the dry LAMP was also conducted, showing 60% and 24% positivity rates for archived blood and collected meat samples, which corresponds to the actual DA-BAI ASF status update during the time of collection. | |||||||||
20 | 18 | Sherina Syhra Ramos | Active Research Asistant - BS Graduate | Institute of Food Science and Technology | University of the Philippines Los Baños - College of Agriculture and Food Science | N/A | Sheba Mae M. Duque; Romel M. Felismino | ISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND IN-VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF PROTEINS FROM HIGH AMYLOSE HIGH PROTEIN (HAHP) 104 AND 105 RICE (Oryza sativa) LINES AUTHORS: Sherina Syhra Ramos, Sheba Mae M. Duque, Glenn Vincent P. Ong, Rhowell Jr.N. Tiozon, Nese Sreenivasulu Abstract: This study evaluated the physicochemical, functional, and in vitro digestibility properties of protein isolates from two high-amylose, high-protein (HAHP) rice lines. Among 15 HAHP lines screened by Kjeldahl analysis, HAHP 104 and HAHP 105 exhibited the highest crude protein contents (10.72% and 11.71%) and were selected for protein extraction via alkaline extraction–isoelectric precipitation. Whey protein isolate (WPI) served as a control in the analyses. Rice protein isolates (RPIs) were characterized for proximate composition, water and oil absorption capacities, and foaming properties. Simulated gastrointestinal digestion was performed, and degree of hydrolysis (%DH) was quantified using the o-phthalaldehyde assay. Significant differences in proximate composition and functional properties were observed among samples. Further, WPI achieved >90% DH after intestinal digestion (120 min), whereas RPIs exhibited lower hydrolysis (51%, 61%). RPIs showed a linear increase in hydrolysis during gastric digestion, followed by a slower rate during the intestinal phase. Overall, RPIs demonstrated favorable physicochemical, functional, and digestibility characteristics, indicating their potential as alternative plant-based protein ingredients for food applications. | |||||||||
21 | Ok with arrangement | 19 | Edilyn A. Tomas | PhD | Science Education | Philippine Normal University- Manila | Indigenous Science Education | Dr. Marie Paz E. Morales | Development of the Indigenous Science (ISE) Model among the Indigenous Secondary Learners in Cagayan Valley Edilyn A. Tomas Marie Paz E. Morales Philippine Normal University- Manila Abstract: The performance of Filipino learners in science lagged in the international assessment worldwide. With this, the science education in the country should be realigned and modified based on the needs of the learners. With the 115 ethnolinguistic dialects, the Philippines has a rich culture and traditions, thus, the science education in the country should be based in cultural context and experiences. Thus, this study aims to develop an inclusive, culturally sensitive and indigenized science curriculum model that is community- based and promotes Indigenous knowledge and practices to cater the needs of the indigenous learners in the country. The study employed Type 2 Design and Development Research (DRR) integrated with ethnographic research, this highlights the qualitative approach of the study wherein it involves interviews from the elders, teachers, and science supervisors and SLT teachers, responses from the interviews were thematized using the Clarke and Braun approach and observations were recorded. Further, it also uses observation and documents from the local community and classroom- based instruction in developing the model. The model highlights key components, including mother-tongue instruction, contextualized curriculum, community involvement, and the development of both basic and higher-order science process skills. It also addresses challenges such as limited resources and the need for teacher capacity building in culturally responsive teaching. The proposed ISE Model provides a structured framework that aligns Indigenous knowledge with scientific inquiry, promoting holistic learning and cultural preservation. This model is intended to guide educators, curriculum developers, and policymakers in designing science education programs that are equitable, culturally relevant, and responsive to the needs of Indigenous communities. The model provides a practical framework for educators and policymakers to design inclusive and context-sensitive science education programs. Ultimately, the integration of the ISE model in the mainstream science curriculum will enhance the science learning process of the learners and preserve the cultural traditions of the indigenous learners leading to a stronger nation. | ||||||||
22 | 20 | Bethena Clarisse M. Balanon | Research Assistant | Biomedical Engineering | De La Salle University-Manila | Material Science, Medicinal Chemistry | Dr. Wilfred V. Espulgar | Optimization of Hydrogel Matrices for 3D Cell Culture under Microfluidic Conditions Bethena Clarisse Balanon, Flyn Daryl Falcon, Phillipe Miguel Dizon, Joseph Rey Sta. Agueda, Mariquit De Los Reyes, and Wilfred Espulgar Abstract: This study explores the use of varying formulations of Chitosan–PVA, Fibrin, and Matrigel hydrogels for integration into microfluidic systems. Microfluidics has been an essential platform in the fields of drug discovery, nanoparticle synthesis, and disease diagnosis. Among these, organ-on-chip technologies represent a significant advancement by integrating microfluidic architectures with biomimetic materials to create versatile platforms for bioassays, potentially reducing the need for traditional animal testing. In this context, hydrogels serve as key components in the creation of physiologically relevant microenvironments due to their tunable properties and porous structures, which support gas and nutrient exchange within cell cultures. In this work, each formulation is characterized in terms of swelling behavior, tensile modulus, and compressive strength. In parallel, biocompatibility is assessed using MCF-7-based 3D cell cultures through a fluorescence-based live/dead assay. The results are then correlated to identify the most suitable hydrogel formulation for advancing organ-on-chip models. | |||||||||
23 | 4 | 21 | Nicolaitte Amor P. Alubog | MS | Mathematics | University of the Philippines Los Baños | Mathematical Epidemiology, Graph Theory | Allen L. Nazareno | Modeling Time-Varying Influenza Transmission in the Philippines Authors: Nicolaitte Amor P. Alubog, Maria Czarina T. Lagura-Arreza, and Allen L. Nazareno Abstract: Influenza remains a major public health concern in the Philippines, where transmission occurs all year round and often exhibits irregular seasonal peaks characteristic of tropical settings. These fluctuating patterns complicate control efforts and highlight the need for models that characterizes the seasonal transmission dynamics of influenza in the Philippines. Weekly influenza positivity rates, from 2023 to 2025, were obtained from the World Health Organization FluNet database and analyzed descriptively. A generalized additive model (GAM) was first fitted to assess temporal trends in influenza activity. To investigate the underlying transmission dynamics, we developed a susceptible–vaccinated–exposed–infectious–recovered–susceptible (SVEIRS) model with a time-dependent transmission rate represented as a sum of Gaussian peaks, allowing the model to capture multiple epidemic waves. Results showed an increasing trend in both the median and variability of weekly influenza positivity rates from 2023 to 2025, with 2025 exhibiting the highest and most irregular activity. The GAM confirmed that influenza activity in the Philippines does not follow a single fixed annual peak but instead displays multiple fluctuating waves. The fitted SVEIRS model reasonably captured the observed weekly positivity patterns and identified corresponding periods of elevated transmission intensity. Sensitivity analysis using partial rank correlation coefficients indicated that the recovery rate had the strongest negative effect on both peak and cumulative incidence. Waning immunity and progression from exposed to infectious also contributed positively, while vaccination showed a modest negative effect under the assumed parameter conditions. These findings demonstrate the importance of incorporating time-varying transmission in influenza models for tropical settings and provide a useful framework for evaluating future intervention strategies in the Philippines. | ||||||||
24 | 22 | Shaira M. Reyes | MS Graduate | Institute of Food Science and Technology | College of Agriculture and Food Science, University of the Philippines Los baños | Industrial Microbiology, Food Safety, Food Fermentation | Romel M. Felismino | Characterizing Biochemical Transformation in Cacao Beans during Fermentation and Drying: Evidence from On-Farm Practices in Laguna and Quezon, Philippines Authors: Shaira M. Reyes, Romel M. Felismino, Sheba Mae M. Duque, Katherine Ann T. Castillo-Israel, Lloyd Earl L. Flandez, Sherina Syhra Ramos, John David B. Causapin, Sonny D. Española Abstract: Despite significant investment in Philippine cacao research, current developments have prioritized production and product improvement, leaving postharvest protocols significantly underexplored. This study evaluates the prevailing fermentation and drying practices across four farms in Laguna (L1, L2) and Quezon (Q1, Q2) to establish baseline data for process standardization. Postharvest processing was carried out following the existing protocols of each farm. Fresh beans were initially characterized by pH and TSS, with elevation and environmental conditions recorded for each site. During fermentation, temperature was monitored alongside changes in sugars, ethanol, and organic acids quantified via HPLC. During drying, moisture content, pH, and organic acid levels were measured. Fermentation Index (FI) was also determined spectrophotometrically. Initial characterization revealed regional variations where Q2 exhibited the highest acidity (pH 3.19), while Q1 showed the highest TSS (17.1°Brix). Notably, Q1 also contained the highest glucose (76.99 mg/g) and substantial fructose compared to other sites. Higher elevations (L2, Q1) generally correlated with increased citric acid. Only Q2 utilized a PNS-compliant wooden box, achieving the highest peak temperature (49°C) and rapid ethanol-to-acetic acid conversion. In contrast, the plastic crates at L1 and L2 and the improperly dimensioned box at Q1 resulted in poor thermal insulation and delayed fermentation. Despite reaching ideal thermal peaks in some locations, FI values across all farms indicated insufficient fermentation. Although no farm achieved the recommended moisture for mold growth inhibition, L1 was most effective in reducing volatile acetic acid (87.23% reduction) and moisture (8.15% final MC), while L2 and Q1 retained high levels (~13.6% MC). L2 exhibited the highest residual acetic (17.25 mg/g) and lactic acid (3.20 mg/g), while Q1 remained the most acidic (pH 5.25). These findings suggest that current practices result in insufficient fermentation and drying, emphasizing the need for site-specific process modifications to ensure fine flavor development in the region. | |||||||||
25 | 23 | Kevin B. Gasatan | PhD | Food Science/Institute of Food Science and Technology | University of the Philippines/ College of Agriculture and Food Science | Food Science | Dr. Sheba Mae M. Duque | Effects of Bean Thickness, Turning Interval, and Fermentation Schedule on Cacao Acidity During Drying in Quezon Province, Philippines Kevin B. Gasatan, Romel M. Felismino, Sheba Mae M. Duque, Katherine Ann C. Israel, Lloyd Earl L. Flandez, Shaira M. Reyes, Sherina Syhra Ramos, John David M. Causapin and Sonny D. Española Abstract: Drying is a critical process that influence cacao bean quality and one of the parameters affecting cacao bean quality is acidity. In the country, drying practices vary widely and data under local climatic conditions remain limited. This study aimed to assess the effects of various drying parameters on the acidity of cacao beans in Quezon Province. The study employed a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design with factors including bean thickness (1 inch and 3 inches), turning interval (30 minutes and 2 hours), and fermentation schedule (2-1-1-1 and 2-2-2). Organic acid profiles, including acetic, lactic, and citric acids, were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), with changes monitored twice daily throughout the drying period. Moisture content and pH were also monitored twice daily, with pH measured using a calibrated pH meter and moisture determined through gravimetric analysis. Three-way analysis of variance (p < 0.05) showed that bean thickness, turning interval, fermentation schedule, and their interactions had significant effects on pH levels. These results were consistent with observed changes in acetic acid levels across all treatments. Bean thickness had an inversely proportional relationship with acidity, with thicker beans exhibiting lower acetic acid levels. Turning interval showed a direct relationship with acidity, where more frequent turning resulted in higher acetic acid levels. Among the fermentation schedule tested, the 2-2-2 turning interval produced beans with lower acetic acid levels compared to the 2-1-1-1 method. Moisture reduction varied across treatments, with thinner beans exhibiting faster drying while thicker beans retained higher moisture levels. In contrast, fermentation schedule showed minimal influence on moisture reduction. Other organic acids such as lactic and citric acids showed less pronounced but statistically significant variations across treatments. Regardless of initial acidity levels, pH can be effectively reduced during drying. | |||||||||
26 | make own arrangements | 24 | Solo Arman P. Mercene | MS | Entomology | Michigan State University | Integrated Pest Management | Adviser: Dr. David Mota-Sanchez | The Impact of Maysin on the Growth of Fall armyworm Authors: Solo Arman P. Mercene, Ronnie Dewberry, Erich Grotewold, David Mota-Sanchez Abstract: The spread of the lepidopteran pest fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) into Africa, Asia and Oceania has created an urgent need for effective and sustainable pest management strategies for maize cultivation. One promising approach involves investigating maize varieties that naturally accumulate high levels of defense-related compounds, such as the flavonoid specialized metabolite called maysin. Maysin has been shown to inhibit growth of lepidopteran pests in corn and has the potential to be an effective defense compound for maize growing in regions. This study aims to examine the accumulation of maysin in various tissues, including maize leaves and silks and its effect on fall armyworm larval weight after feeding. By exploring these interactions, the research seeks to elucidate the underlying mechanisms by which maysin influences fall armyworm development, providing valuable insights for implementing maysin in pest management strategies. | ||||||||
27 | 25 | Andrea Shane M. Torres | Science Research Assistant - BS | Design, Research, Extension in Additive Manufacturing (DR3AM) Center | Bataan Peninsula State University | Solar-driven interfacial evaporation, heat and mass transfer, environmental science, sustainability and circularity | Prof. John Ryan C. Dizon, PhD, PIE | Self-Sustaining Floating Modular System using Solar Interfacial Desalination and Clean Water Production Andrea Shane M. Torres, Lanz Rodnee D. Dela Cruz, Arman Ray N. Nisay, Madelene V. Villablanca, Dan William C. Martinez, Gil G. Cruz, Leonard D. Tijing, John Ryan C. Dizon Abstract: Water scarcity is a global challenge that necessitates sustainable and energy-efficient desalination technologies. This study presents the design, fabrication, and performance evaluation of a self-sustaining floating modular housing system based on solar-driven interfacial evaporation (SDIE) water purification. The module system integrates an optimized 3D-printed structural geometry and solar absorbers for enhanced solar absorption, an improved acrylic glass condensation pathway for efficient vapor collection, and a capillary-driven acrylic yarn wick inlet that enables continuous passive water transport from the reservoir to the evaporation interface. This configuration maintains consistent surface wetness, promotes effective heat localization, and ensures stable long-term operation without external energy input. Experimental evaluation was conducted under controlled one-sun irradiation using both synthetic 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution and actual seawater. The system demonstrated stable and consistent evaporation rates of 1.19 kg/m²hr and 1.23 kg/m²hr, respectively, with corresponding condensate recovery rates of 1.15 g/hr and 1.21 g/hr. Thermal imaging and time-resolved temperature measurements highlighted efficient photothermal conversion and sustained temperature gradients at the air–water interface, which are critical for continuous evaporation. Water quality analysis using the Horiba Laqua PC220 revealed substantial reductions in salinity, total dissolved solids (TDS), conductivity, and pH variation, indicating effective salt purification. The collected water also met potable water standards set by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), validating the system’s capability to produce safe drinking water. Overall, the developed SDIE-based modular system demonstrates a scalable and energy-efficient solution for clean water production, with potential for deployment in off-grid, coastal, and resource-limited communities. Its modular and floating design further supports adaptability to diverse environmental conditions, contributing to resilient and sustainable water technology. | |||||||||
28 | 26 | Argel A. Largado | MS | Food Science/Institute of Food Science and Technology | University of the Philippines Los Banos/College of Agriculture and Food Science | Cocoa bean shell valorization | Dr. Sheba Mae M. Duque | Submission 1 Authors: Argel A. Largado, John Joseph C. Menia, Jessa B. Gisulga, Charisse Anne M. Barit, Gertrude Nicole Padilla, Romel M. Felismino, Katherine Ann T. Castillo-Israel, and Sheba Mae M. Duque Title: Light Alkalization as a Strategy for Transforming Cocoa Bean Shells into Stable Functional Ingredients for Dairy Systems Abstract: Light alkalization was investigated as a strategy to transform cocoa bean shells (CBS) into stable and functional ingredients suitable for dairy systems. Although CBS are rich in dietary fiber and bioactive compounds, their utilization in food applications is often limited by undesirable properties such as bitterness, astringency, and poor functional performance. In this study, process parameters for light alkalization were systematically optimized using a combination of Plackett–Burman screening and Box–Behnken design. Optimal conditions were identified at 0.010% K₂CO₃, 20% CBS concentration, and 10 min reaction time, yielding a CBS powder with a near-neutral pH (6.5) and improved compatibility for food applications. The optimized CBS demonstrated high stability under accelerated storage conditions. Shelf-life estimation using the Q₁₀ model predicted stability of up to 4576 days at 30 °C, while empirical modeling estimated 625 days. Microbial counts remained below 10 CFU/g across all tested temperatures, indicating sustained microbial safety during storage. To evaluate its functional application, the optimized CBS was incorporated into a chocolate milk formulation as a partial substitute for cocoa powder. The ingredient enabled up to 50% substitution without observable sedimentation after 72 h of refrigerated storage. The formulated beverage retained appreciable bioactive properties, with total phenolic content of 2.2119 mg GAE/mL, total flavonoid content of 1.5994 mg QE/mL, and antioxidant capacity (DPPH = 1.3550 mg TE/mL; FRAP = 2.2165 mg TE/mL). Overall, the findings demonstrate that light alkalization is an effective and scalable approach for converting cocoa bean shells into stable, functional ingredients, supporting their integration into dairy-based systems and contributing to more sustainable and circular cocoa processing. Submission 2 Authors: Argel A. Largado, John Joseph C. Menia, Romel M. Felismino, Katherine Ann T. Castillo-Israel, and Sheba Mae M. Duque Title: Valorizing Cocoa Bean Shells through Optimized Soluble Dietary Fiber Extraction Abstract: Cocoa bean shells (CBS), a major byproduct of cocoa processing, represent a promising source of soluble dietary fiber (SDF) for functional food applications. However, efficient recovery of SDF from CBS remains a key challenge. This study aimed to valorize CBS through the optimization of an alkali-assisted extraction process for SDF recovery. Five extraction variables were initially investigated: heating temperature (30–90 °C), heating time (30–120 min), sample-to-solvent ratio (1.5–20%), alkali concentration (0–2%), and ultrasonication amplitude (0–70%). A combination of Plackett–Burman design and Box–Behnken response surface methodology was employed to identify significant factors and determine optimal extraction conditions, using SDF yield as the response variable. Results indicated that heating temperature, sample-to-solvent ratio, and heating time significantly influenced SDF extraction. The optimal conditions were identified as extraction at 90 °C with 2% alkali for 10 min, resulting in a predicted high SDF yield. The developed model demonstrated strong predictive performance (R² = 0.9960, R_adj² = 0.9889, R_pred² = 0.9636), confirming its reliability. Model validation, based on the highest desirability (0.950) among 39 predicted solutions, yielded an experimental mean SDF yield of 18.63%, which fell within the predicted confidence interval (p < 0.05). Overall, this study establishes an efficient and statistically robust approach for enhancing SDF recovery from CBS, supporting its valorization as a sustainable and functional ingredient for food systems. | |||||||||
29 | 27 | Carlos Caesar R. Caday | MS | Department of Biology | De La Salle University | Plant Physiology | Dr. Mark Christian Redillas | In Vitro Propagation Optimization of Native Aquilaria (Agarwood) Trees in the Philippines Author: Carlos Caesar R. Caday Adviser: Dr. Mark Christian Redillas Abstract: This study aims to explore and enhance the micropropagation of native agarwood trees (Aquilaria spp.) in the Philippines to address population decline caused by overharvesting and unsustainable practices. Generally, this aims to develop an efficient and standardized micropropagation protocol applicable to both laboratory and local settings. Specifically, it seeks to establish axenic cultures, optimize surface sterilization, evaluate effective plant hormone concentrations, and standardize a micropropagation module. Micropropagation techniques will be conducted using the BTC Lab Kit with MS medium and varying concentrations of plant growth regulators. Growth performance will be assessed by shoot regeneration frequency and overall explant health. | |||||||||
30 | 28 | Nathaniel T. Pasiliao | MS | Institute of Civil Engineering | University of the Philippines - Diliman | Structural Engineering, Structural Optimization | Dr. Pher Errol B. Quinay | Genetic Algorithm-based Optimization of Fluid Viscous Damper Configuration for Seismic Retrofitting of Existing Structures Authors: Pasiliao, Nathaniel T., Quinay, Pher Errol B. Abstract: Enhancing the seismic performance of existing structures is critical in seismically active regions. Conventional retrofitting methods that increase structural strength and stiffness are often invasive, costly, and disruptive to occupants. Passive energy dissipation systems, specifically fluid viscous dampers (FVDs), offer a compelling alternative by absorbing seismic energy without significantly altering the structural system. However, determining the optimal damper configuration in terms of quantity and placement remains a complex combinatorial problem, and conventional approaches frequently yield suboptimal solutions. This study investigates the application of a Genetic Algorithm (GA) framework to optimize FVD configurations in an existing 9-storey reinforced concrete structure with 204 feasible damper locations after accounting for architectural constraints. Serviceability governs the optimization, with peak inter-storey drift ratios adopted as the primary performance criterion. Structural performance is evaluated under seismic loading in terms of peak inter-storey drift ratios, storey shears, and floor accelerations. The GA operated over 200 generations with a population size of 50 solutions per generation. The optimal solution was identified at generation 145 requiring only 10 dampers, less than 5% of all feasible locations, concentrated predominantly in the upper storeys and along the y-direction, where drift demands were most critical. Notably, heuristic guidance embedded in the algorithm enabled early discovery of a near-optimal solution by generation 18 with 13 dampers, demonstrating the practical value of domain-informed initialization in accelerating convergence. Relative to the unretrofitted baseline, the optimized configuration reduced peak inter-storey drift ratios by approximately 16%, storey shears by up to 8%, and floor accelerations by up to 22%. Performance improvements were observed even in storeys without dampers, indicating favorable global structural response. These findings establish genetic algorithms as an effective and practical decision-support tool for damper-based seismic retrofitting. | |||||||||
31 | 4 | 29 | Destiny S. Lutero | recent PhD graduate | Mathematics | UPLB | Mathematical Modelling, Optimization, Analysis (Pure Math), Data Analytics | Mark Anthony C. Tolentino and Timothy Robin Y. Teng | Threshold Dynamics in Nonautonomous Infectious Disease Models with Continuous Transmission Rates Destiny S. Lutero, Timothy Robin Y. Teng, Mark Anthony C. Tolentino Abstract: Infectious diseases such as COVID-19 and dengue continue to challenge public health systems. The transmission of these diseases vary continuously over time due to behavioral, environmental, or policy-driven factors. While classical (i.e., autonomous) disease models with constant parameters admit well-defined threshold conditions that determine long-term dynamics, similar results for nonautonomous systems remain less developed. In this study, we analyze threshold conditions in time-varying compartmental models, specifically SEIQR and SEIR–SEI formulations, where transmission rates are continuous functions of time. We establish sufficient conditions for disease extinction. Particularly, if a threshold remains below 1, solutions converge to the disease-free equilibrium. Numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the analytical results and to demonstrate how temporal variability in transmission influences disease outcomes. This work contributes to the theoretical foundation of threshold analysis in continuously-varying epidemiological systems. | ||||||||
32 | 30 | John Ray C. Estrellado | MS | Chemical Engineering | De La Salle University | Biopolymers, Biomaterials, Encapsulation Technology | Dr. Cynthia F. Madrazo | Controlled Release Modeling of Phycocyanin in Water Soluble Chitosan-Calcium-Gellan Gum Encapsulation Matrices John Ray C. Estrellado, Cynthia F. Madrazo, Aldrin P. Bonto Abstract: Controlling the release of phycocyanin is crucial to ensure its applicability in functional food systems. This study investigates the pH-dependent release kinetics of phycocyanin in a water-soluble chitosan-calcium-gellan gum matrix. Encapsulation conditions were optimized at a phycocyanin-to-gellan gum ratio of 1.29:1, a WSC-to-CaCl₂ ratio of 0.45:1, and a crosslinking pH of 5.5. The matrices were investigated under simulated gastric fluid (SGF), simulated intestinal fluid (SIF), simulated colonic fluid (SCF), and a sequential SGF-SIF-SCF system to mimic gastrointestinal transit. Release profiles were fitted to zero-order, first-order, Higuchi, Korsmeyer-Peppas, Hixson-Crowell, and Baker-Lonsdale models. Korsmeyer-Peppas fitting indicated a diffusion-dominant release for SGF (n = 0.39), SIF (n = 0.36), SCF (n = 0.50), and sequential release (n = 0.40). Zero-order release was identified as the release mechanism of phycocyanin at SGF (R2 = 0.94), SIF (R2 = 0.86), SCF (R2 = 0.96), and sequential release (R2 = 0.95). The findings highlight the potential of the optimized WSC-Ca-GG encapsulation system as a controlled delivery platform, and its zero-order release behavior effectively prevents burst release, which ensures its stability across a wide range of pH values. | |||||||||
33 | 31 | Carl Justin B. Palpal-latoc | MS | National Institute of Physics | University of the Philippines Diliman | Physics, theoretical biology | Dr. Michael Francis Ian G. Vega II | Quasilocalized populations due to error-prone replication Carl Justin Palpal-latoc and Ian Vega Abstract: Quasispecies theory showed that if mutations are very frequent, even the fittest variant or "type" in a population can be ironically lost. In fact, depending on the mutation rates, types can have an arbitrary frequency distribution. This theory, mathematically defined by Eigen's model, provided a framework for understanding real viral quasispecies, which are the set of intra-host variants. In this work, we focus on the theoretical quasispecies, which is the equilibrium solution of Eigen's model. We ask what controls the quasispecies' degree of localization, i.e. the degree to which the population only has one type at equilibrium. Borrowing concepts from information theory, we obtain localization and delocalization speeds that compete and shape the quasispecies. Using approximations of these speeds, we derive an equilibrium relation linking the statistics of the model parameters to the Hill numbers, which are diversity metrics, of the population. The parameter statistics are summarized by what we are calling the localization factor, which is a ratio of an effective fitness variance to the mean mutation rate squared. We show that this factor controls the degree of localization. For an initially quasilocalized population, we identify the critical value of this factor. On a more practical note, the combination of Hill numbers we obtained defines a viral complexity metric which may complement more traditional diversity measures. The advantage being that there is a direct connection with Eigen's model that has a biological interpretation. | |||||||||
34 | 2 | 32 | Cutee Sophia D. Patriarca | MS | Institute of Biological Sciences | Central Mindanao University | Animal Biology and Biodiversity | Alma B. Mohagan | Diversity and Distribution of Odonata (Insecta) in the Northern Slope of Mt. Kitanglad, Manolo Fortich, Bukidnon, Philippines Cutee Sophia D. Patriarca and Alma B. Mohagan Animal Biology Division, Institute of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Central Mindanao University, University Town, Musuan, 8710 Bukidnon, Philippines University Museum, Central Mindanao University, University Town, Musuan, 8710 Bukidnon, Philippines Abstract: Odonata is an insect order comprising two suborders: Anisoptera (Dragonflies) and Zygoptera (Damselflies). This study provided information on the (a) species composition, (b) diversity, (c) distribution, (d) ecological status, and local status of Odonata in the northern slope of Mt. Kitanglad, Manolo Fortich, Bukidnon. Fieldwork was carried out over six days across three stream stations based on size using four sampling techniques with sweep netting: transect line, opportunistic sampling, visual sampling, and sticky traps. A total of 197 individuals representing 15 species across 6 families and 9 genera were recorded. These include 4 species of Anisoptera (dragonflies) and 11 species of Zygoptera (damselflies). Cluster analysis revealed higher ecological similarity between Stations 1 and 2 than with Station 3. Station 1 (small stream), characterized by a sunlit, slow-moving stream, showed the highest diversity (H’ = 2.433) and species richness (14 species), followed by Station 2 (mid-sized stream) (H’ = 2.29) with 12 species, and Station 3 (large stream), with only 7 species (H’ = 1.591). Species distribution patterns indicated both aggregated and random occurrences, influenced by habitat preference, of which 4 species were classified as “aggregated” and 11 species as “random”. The study also highlighted the dominance of Philippine endemic species (64.3%), most of which were classified as rare or very rare, followed by Oriental species at 28.6%, and Mindanao endemic species at 7.1%. It is recommended to conserve forest streams, manage land use, and improve Odonata sampling methods. Overall, the study assessed the diversity and distribution of Odonata, providing important baseline data that can inform further ecological research and conservation strategies in tropical montane ecosystems. | ||||||||
35 | 33 | Jo-Ann V. Magsumbol | PhD Graduate | PhD ECE | De La Salle University | Intelligent battery management systems (i-BMS) for hybrid renewable energy applications | Dr. Elmer P. Dadios | Smart Battery Management for a Hybrid Photovoltaic System in a Smart Farm Using Computational Intelligence Jo-Ann V. Magsumbol, Dr. Argel A. Bandala, Dr. Alvin B. Culaba, Dr. Raouf Naguib, Dr. Edwin Sybingco, Dr. Ryan Rhay P. Vicerra, Dr. Elmer P. Dadios Abstract: The LiFePO₄ battery is a crucial component for renewable-powered agricultural systems, necessitating intelligent management to ensure safety, optimize performance, and achieve energy autonomy. In this study, an intelligent battery management system (i-BMS) was developed for hybrid photovoltaic (PV) battery smart farm applications. The system integrates real-time sensor data from voltage, current, and temperature sensors with a Mamdani fuzzy logic controller to optimize energy flow and extend battery lifespan. This work utilizes minute-level data collection, implemented in a three-tier load prioritization scheme, which dynamically classifies essential, regular, and non-essential loads to maximize energy efficiency and system resilience. The results suggest that the i-BMS effectively maintains voltage stability and temperature within the allowable thermal range while responding adaptively to fluctuating energy demand. Under peak load simulations, the system recovered energy balance within 8 to 12 minutes through predictive load handling. Load profiling revealed that essential operations accounted for 54.7% of the total daily power but were consistently preserved by the intelligent load scheduler. The integration of fuzzy logic-enabled SOC estimation, which does not rely on direct SOC sensors, further contributed to optimal energy utilization. Overall, this study presents a robust and scalable i-BMS framework specifically designed for smart energy, laying the groundwork for sustainable energy management and intelligent control in resource-constrained smart farm environments. | |||||||||
36 | 34 | Joy Elaine K. Diacos | PhD | Chemistry | University of the Philippines LosBanos | Agricultural Chemistry | Sheryl Lozel B. Arreola | Retrogradation Impact on Rice Starch and Glycemic Index Diacos, Joy Elaine K.1,2,3*, Arreola, Sheryl Lozel B.2, Sreenivasulu, N.1, Castillo-Israel, K.A.T.4, Completo, G.C.J.2, Recuenco, M.C.2 1Consumer-driven, Grain Quality and Nutrition, International Rice Research Institute, Philippines 2Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Philippines 3College of Arts and Sciences, Laguna State Polytechnic University, Philippines 4Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Food Technology, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Philippines *jkdiacos@up.edu.ph Abstract: Rice is a staple food that has a medium to high glycemic index (GI). However, high-GI foods are associated with chronic diseases, such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which are highly prevalent in low- and middle-income countries. Retrogradation is a natural approach that can induce the formation of resistant starch in rice. In this study, the effect of retrogradation on starch fractions, such as digestible starch (DC), RS and total starch (TS), and on predicted glycemic index was analyzed. Results showed that retrogradation significantly decreased DC, TS, and predicted GI while increasing RS levels. Moreover, DC, RS, and TS are negatively associated with GI, indicating that the statistically significant simple bivariate correlation is not equivalent to establishing causality. These results provide practical implications for improving the nutritional quality of rice through controlled processing and storage. | |||||||||
37 | 35 | Alan B. Aycardo | MS | Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering | University of the Philippines Los Baños | Agricultural and Bioprocess Engineering, Biomass and Bioproducts Engineering | Ma. Camille G. Acabal | Process optimization and characterization of pyroligneous acid from pili (Canarium ovatum Engl.) nutshell pyrolysis Alan B. Aycardo, Luther John R. Manuel, Omar F. Zubia, Rina A. Bawar, Ma. Camille G. Acabal Abstract: Pili nutshell, an underutilized agricultural residue from the production of pili nuts, presents a great potential for valorization. Pyrolysis offers a promising thermochemical route for transforming this biomass into high value products such as pyroligneous acid (PA). This study investigates PA production from pili nutshell pyrolysis, using a batch reactor. The effects of temperature (500-700°C), feedstock particle size (0.7-3.3 mm) and pyrolysis residence time (15-45 minutes), were evaluated using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on a faced centered Central Composite Design (CCD), to maximize pyrolysis liquid recovery. Feedstock lignocellulosic characterization revealed a lignin content of 45.35%, holocellulose 60.03% and alpha-cellulose content of 32.3%. Proximate analysis showed 6.76% moisture, high volatile matter content (72.15%), a fixed carbon content of 18.65% and 2.43% ash. The quadratic RSM model demonstrated good fit (R2=0.976, p<0.0001), with ANOVA confirming all factors and interactions as statistically significant at a 95% confidence interval. Liquid yield varied from 4.26-31.02%, with temperature exerting the strongest influence (f=149.79, p<0.0001). The optimal conditions determined were 607°C, 3.3 mm particle size and 45 minutes reaction time, yielding 31.07% crude pyroligneous acid – validated experimentally (error <3%). The pyroligneous acid has a 79 %v/m water content and a pH of 3.73, less acidic than typical pyroligneous liquids. GC-MS identified a complex mixture, dominated by acetic acid, as well as phenolic and furanic compounds. XRF analysis showed trace amounts of iron and sulfur while presence of heavy metals was below the allowable limits for food and agricultural applications. Pyroligneous acid production from pili nutshell pyrolysis shows a viable route for transforming pili nutshells into a high value product, offering economic opportunities while advancing sustainable biomass utilization. Document Link: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1GlNoI5ZACb-eGiCceV4kDgO0mPt-NW8a_IS11Gyfvlg/edit?usp=sharing | |||||||||
38 | 3 | 36 | Joseph Raniel A. Bianes | PhD | Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering/ Civil Engineering | De La Salle University/ Gokongwei College of Engineering | Hydraulics and Water Resources Engineering, Disaster Risk Reduction and Management, Construction Management, Making Cities Resilient, Nature-Based Solutions, Green Infrastructure, Disaster Risk Reduction and Management, Sustainable Construction Engineering and Management | Prof. Marla C. Maniquiz-Redillas, Ph.D. | Advances in Bioretention Media and Vegetation Design: A State-of-the-Art Review Toward Multi-functional and Resilient Nature-based Solutions Benefits Joseph Raniel Bianes 1,2 , Natasha Sabine de los Santos 2, and Marla Maniquiz-Redillas 2 1Department of Civil Engineering, EcoHydrology & Nature-Based Solutions (EcoHydro-NBS) Unit, Center for Engineering and Sustainable Development Research (CESDR), De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Ave, Malate, Manila, 1004, Philippines 2Department of Civil Engineering, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Anonas St., Sta. Mesa, Manila 1016, Philippines Abstract: Bioretention systems (BRS) have evolved into a fundamental and popular component of Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) for sustainable stormwater management, integrating hydrological control, water quality improvement, and ecosystem restoration in urban environments. In recent decades, rapid advancements in the design of engineered filter media (EFM) and vegetation configuration have been observed, yet a holistic understanding of their coupled mechanisms and multi-functional NBS benefits remains fragmented. To address this, a state-of-the-art review through a bibliometric review on 341 published articles in the Scopus database using Cortext Manager and a comprehensive review on 112 published articles were conducted. Through Bibliometric review, it was found out that most of the reviewed articles are from the United States, China, and Australia and were published in the Ecological Engineering, Science of the Total Environment, and Water (Switzerland) Journals. The evolution and networking of terms with respect to countries and year were mapped and visualized using a heterogeneous network map and a Sankey diagram. The comprehensive review of the published articles related to BRS revealed the relationship among their site characteristics, design components, design performance, and multi-functional NBS benefits that marked a paradigm shift from passive landscaping to precision-engineered biogeochemical reactors. Ultimately, the synthesis demonstrates that integrating smart hydraulic controls, waste-valorized media, and trait-based planting transforms bioretention into resilient, multi-functional infrastructure capable of delivering critical microclimate cooling and carbon sequestration benefits in an increasingly volatile climate. This study proposes a multi-criteria performance framework integrating hydrological, ecological, and socio-economic indicators to guide next-generation NBS design and evaluation. | ||||||||
39 | 37 | James Roy P. Lesidan | MS | Department of Physics | De La Salle University | Environmental Remote Sensing; Air Quality Monitoring; Environmental Science | Maria Cecilia Galvez | Event-Based Air Quality Patterns to Support LiDAR Aerosol Measurement: A Time Series Analysis During Manila’s New Year Celebration Authors: James Roy Lesidan, Nadine Grace Caido, Maria Cecilia Galvez, Jumar Cadondon, Jessa Neolpes, Mark Nickole Tabafa, Jejomar Bulan, Edgar Vallar, Tatsuo Shiina Abstract: The effect of burning fireworks generates a short-term increase of aerosol emissions and gaseous pollutants. This increase in concentrations could cause serious health hazards, especially in the respiratory system. Using optical particle counters, time series measurements were conducted to measure indoor and outdoor air quality, alongside simultaneous outdoor ground-based LiDAR observations before and after the 2025 New Year celebration. Results showed that indoor PM concentrations remained below 50 μg/m³, but during the peak fireworks activities, the PM values continuously increased. This indicates infiltration and ventilation constraints from extreme outside air pollution activities at a closed environment. Outdoor measurements revealed a huge spike of PM concentration, reaching nearly 800 μg/m³ and continuously exceeding national guidelines. Consistent with this finding, the LiDAR aerosol observations revealed high photon counts during the peak firework activity [1]. These patterns provide ground-level evidence of urban aerosol dynamics for transient pollution event studies and air quality management. | |||||||||
40 | 1 | 38 | Christian Dave A. Paig | MS | Biology | Central Mindanao University | Microbiology, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology | Christopher G. Batbatan | CARBOHYDRATE FERMENTATION PROFILING AND MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIUM ISOLATED FROM THE GUT OF PHILIPPINE ENDEMIC YELLOW-BANDED CARPENTER BEE (Xylocopa philippinensis) Christian Dave A. Paig, Glenda Z. Doblas, Meraluna J. Canunayon, and Christopher G. Batbatan Abstract: The Philippines is a megadiverse tropical country with high endemism, harboring numerous indigenous species restricted to the archipelago and in similar areas in Southeast Asian regions. This rich biodiversity creates diverse ecological niches that support complex host–microbe interactions, making endemic organisms reservoirs of unique microorganisms shaped through long-term coevolution. These specialized microbial communities often exhibit distinct metabolic capabilities and ecological adaptations with potential biotechnological applications. In particular, the growing demand for commercially valuable prebiotic oligosaccharides has intensified interest in intestinal microbial ecology, specifically the isolation of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from the gut of bees. However, most studies on LAB associated with bees have focused primarily on honeybees, while only a few have explored carpenter bees and their gut microbiota. Consequently, this study aimed to isolate, purify, characterize, and identify LAB from the gut of the Philippine endemic yellow-banded carpenter bee (Xylocopa philippinensis). A high acid-producing isolate exhibiting distinct clear zones surrounding a colony on MRS agar media supplemented with 1% calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) was selected for purification and designated as XPH1 following the confirmation of the cardinal characteristics attributed to LAB. Phenotypic profiling using the API 50 CHL system reported that XPH1 have robust fermentation activity of 20 carbohydrates including 6 monosaccharides and derivatives, 5 disaccharides, 7 polysaccharides, and 2 from sugar alcohols. While molecular identification based on 16S rRNA gene BLASTn analysis revealed that isolate XPH1 (1419 bp) exhibited 99.86% sequence similarity to Lactobacillus kunkeei (GenBank Accession Number: NR026404). The findings of this study suggest that X. philippinensis may represent a promising and underexplored source of LAB with potential applications in probiotic development and functional food innovation, providing baseline information for future investigations. | ||||||||
41 | 39 | Kassey Alsylle T. Dargantes | recent MS graduate | Master in Veterinary Science major in Public Health- Research Track/ Dept. of Microbiology, Parasitology, Pathology and Public Health | Central Mindanao University/ College of Veterinary Medicine | Public Health, One Health, Epidemiology and surveillance, natural products, antimicrobial resistance, zoonosis | Dr. Alan P. Dargantes | Advancing Food Safety in Mindanao: Uncovering Salmonella Risks, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Stakeholder Perceptions in Market-Sold Eggs and Spent Hens Kassey Alsylle T. Dargantes, Jose M. Obedencio Jr., Wendy L. Dorado, Karla Cristine C. Doysabas, Alan P. Dargantes Abstract: This study investigated the prevalence and risk factors of Salmonella contamination in chicken table eggs and spent hens sold in public markets across Mindanao, Philippines, and assessed stakeholder knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding Salmonella risks, control, and prevention. Sampling covered 25 towns and cities across four regions, yielding 7,200 eggs and 720 spent hens. Egg samples were pooled in groups of ten and tested from both shells and contents, while cloacal and organ swabs (liver, oviduct, cecum, cloaca) were collected from hens. Isolation on Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate agar and PCR targeting the Salmonella 16S rRNA gene confirmed contamination, while 960 sellers and consumers were surveyed for risk factors and KAP. In Bukidnon, 90 pooled egg samples and 30 necropsied hens were additionally tested for Escherichia coli, and 11 Salmonella isolates were profiled for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) using the Kirby–Bauer method. Results showed a prevalence of 0.9% in eggs and 7.1% in spent hens, with significant variation across locations, egg parts, and organs. Eggshells were more frequently contaminated than internal contents, and cloacal and oviduct samples showed higher prevalence than the liver. Significant risk factors included infrequent stall cleaning, frequent egg delivery, sourcing from unregulated suppliers, outsider access to poultry areas, and absence of pest control programs. In Bukidnon, Escherichia coli was also detected at notable levels, reinforcing its role as a hygiene indicator. AMR profiling among eggs and spent hen in Bukidnon revealed that 10 of 11 Salmonella isolates (90.9%) were resistant, with 81.8% exhibiting multidrug resistance, particularly to ceftriaxone and ampicillin, while amikacin remained fully effective. KAP results indicated low to moderate knowledge and practices despite favorable attitudes among stakeholders. These findings highlight Salmonella as a persistent food safety and public health risk in Mindanao markets, shaped by supply chain, biosecurity, and behavioral factors. Addressing this challenge requires strengthened farm-to-market biosecurity, strict market sanitation, AMR surveillance, and community-based food safety education, implemented through a One Health approach that integrates human, animal, and environmental health. | Supported by Renzo Guinto | ||||||||
42 | 40 | Rachelle Anne S. Guanga | PhD | Data Science | University of the Philippines Diliman | Operations Research, Logistic and Network Optimization | Renier G. Mendoza, Dr.rer.nat | An Integrated Routing and Inventory Optimization for Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis L.) Artificial Insemination Technicians Guanga, Rachelle Anne; Data Science Program, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Mendoza, Renier; Institute of Mathematics, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman; Data Science Program, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Espina, Jimmy C., Jr.; Department of Agriculture – Philippine Carabao Center, Atabay, Edwin C.; Department of Agriculture – Philippine Carabao Center, del Barrio, Arnel N.; Institute of Animal Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Turaja, Kimberly I. B.; Institute of Animal Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Lualhati, Christian V.; Institute of Animal Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Saldajeno, Ralph Jovi B.; Institute of Animal Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños Salazar, Kloudene A.; Materials Science and Engineering Program, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Fadda, Edoardo; Department of Mathematical Sciences “Giuseppe Luigi Lagrange”, Politecnico di Torino Abstract: Efficient routing of service personnel is important in systems where timely service delivery and limited resources affect operational performance. In the Philippines, the Department of Agriculture-Philippine Carabao Center (DA-PCC) implements a nationwide artificial insemination (Al) program to improve the genetic quality and productivity of water buffalos. However, the coordination of Al services and the deployment of Al technicians are still done manually. This often results in inefficient travel, delayed response times, and suboptimal resource utilization. Analysis of national Al data further indicates that both the distance between farmers and service centers and the location of these centers significantly influence Al outcomes, with longer distances associated with lower service volumes and reduced success rates. To address these issues, this study proposes a mathematical optimization model for the Al Technician Routing Problem. The model integrates farmer-technician assignment, route planning, and inventory management within a single framework. The problem is formulated as a mixed integer linear program that determines optimal routes for each Al technician while ensuring that each farmer is served and that inventory requirements are met. The model is applied to real-world data from two DA-PCC centers: the Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University office, which covers Benguet, La Union, and Pangasinan, and the University of the Philippines Los Baños office in Laguna. The road network data for these provinces are extracted from OpenStreetMap using the OSMnx Python package. The proposed approach aims to support more efficient and reliable delivery of Al services. | |||||||||
43 | make own arrangements | 41 | Joe Anthony H. Manzano | Recent MS Graduate | Department of Biological Sciences | University of Santo Tomas | Molecular Biology, Chemical Biology | Rev. fr. Nicanor Austriaco, OP, PhD, SThD | From Philippine biodiversity to dual therapeutic promise: Molecular mechanisms underlying the multitarget anticancer and anticandidal activities of globospiramine from the Philippine medicinal plant Voacanga globosa Joe Anthony H. Manzano, Elian Abellanosa, Jose Paolo Aguilar, Simone Brogi, Chia-Hung Yen, Allan Patrick Macabeo, and Nicanor Austriaco, OP Abstract: Natural products remain an important source of structurally novel therapeutics for cancer and infectious diseases. In this study, we highlight the translational potential of globospiramine, a spirobisindole alkaloid isolated from the Philippine medicinal plant Voacanga globosa, by demonstrating its bioactivity against both malignant and fungal cells. In vitro cytotoxicity and antiproliferative assays showed that globospiramine exhibits activity against multiple mammalian cell lines, including A549, MCF-7, PC-3, SKOV-3, A431, KB3.1, and L929, with further screening confirming moderate cytotoxicity against a panel of breast cancer cell lines. Mechanistic assays demonstrated that globospiramine promotes apoptosis through activation of caspases 3/7, with increased expression of cleaved caspase-3 and PARP in treated A549 cells, while failing to induce rapid membrane disruption, supporting a programmed cell death mechanism. Complementary network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations identified MAPK14 (p38α) as a putative target linked to cancer cell apoptosis. In parallel, globospiramine also displayed significant anticandidal activity against clinically relevant Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis. CFU viability, MIC, and MFC assays revealed concentration- and time-dependent inhibition, with fungicidal effects against C. albicans and weaker, likely fungistatic effects against C. tropicalis. FAM-FLICA poly-caspase assays further suggested metacaspase-associated fungal cell death. In silico analyses identified 1,3-β-glucan synthase and Als3 adhesin as plausible fungal targets. Taken together, these findings establish globospiramine as a promising Philippine natural product with dual anticancer and anticandidal activities, supporting the traditional medicinal relevance of V. globosa and its potential as a scaffold for future drug discovery. | ||||||||
44 | 42 | Hiromi E. Nuñez | MS | MS Agricultural Chemistry / Institute of Chemistry | University of the Philippines Los Baños | (1) Sustainable pest management(2) Spectroscopic techniques for identification and quantification of compounds in various products | Elmer-Rico E. Mojica | ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy and Chemometrics for Rapid Analysis of Pediatric Liquid Medications Hiromi Nuñez, Reignneth Vargas, Amy Yarygina, and Elmer-Rico E. Mojica Abstract: This study investigated the potential of Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATRFTIR) spectroscopy coupled with chemometrics tools as a rapid, nondestructive approach for quality control and differentiation of pediatric liquid formulations. To preserve the integrity of the original formulation, eight pediatric liquid medications (Benadryl, Tylenol cherry, Tylenol grape, Motrin, Delsym, Ceelin, Cherifer, and Appebon) were applied directly to the ATR crystal surface without dilution. The samples were scanned five times within the 4000–600 cm⁻¹ range, and the ATR surface was cleaned with methanol after each measurement. Subsequent analysis of the spectral data involved Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to differentiate liquid medications based on spectral patterns and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) to classify and compare formulations. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy revealed unique vibrational bands corresponding to hydroxyls, aromatic rings, and carbonyl functional groups. Notable differences in spectral intensities and peak positions were observed across the samples, indicating compositional variations in active ingredients, binding agents, and flavoring. Through PCA, the primary spectral regions were identified that contribute to these variations. HCA provided a hierarchical composition of the samples and further confirmed the distinctions observed through PCA. Moreover, Tylenol exhibited clear spectral separation from Benadryl, Motrin, and Delsym, demonstrating the ability of ATR-FRIR to differentiate formulations based on active ingredients and flavoring components. Similarly, Appebon, Ceelin, and Cherifer formed distinct clusters with minimal overlap. The use of ATRFTIR spectroscopy, in conjunction with multivariate analysis, enabled efficient differentiation, classification, and quality assessment of pediatric liquid formulations. These findings underscore the promising potential of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy as a rapid method for ensuring pharmaceutical formulation consistency, product quality, and consumer safety. | Sponsored by Elmer Rico Mojica | ||||||||
45 | 43 | Eliezer Jr., P. Valencia | MS | Master of Science in Food Science | University of the Philippines Los Baños | Food chemistry, Sensory Science, and Quality assessment of processed foods. | Dr. Florencio C. Reginio Jr. | Sustainable Flour from Banana Waste: Process optimization for enhanced color quality of peel-inclusive Lakatan (Musa acuminata Colla) and Latundan (Musa acuminata x balbisiana Colla) banana flour Authors: Eliezer P. Valencia, Jr., Elisha Lei G. Lontoc, Gerlin A. Mozo, Aiza B. Umali, Jonina Marie J. Tengco, Sheba Mae M. Duque, Dennis Marvin O. Santiago, Prince Joseph V. Gaban, Joshua B. Benedicto, Florencio C. Reginio, Jr Abstract: The increasing volume of banana peel waste in the Philippines offers a promising avenue for sustainable food innovation. Despite this, research on banana flour has primarily focused on Cavendish and Saba, leaving Lakatan and Latundan underutilized. The production of peel-inclusive flour is further hindered by browning reactions that negatively affect product lightness. This study applied a Box–Behnken response surface methodology to optimize blanching, soaking, and drying conditions for improving the lightness (L*) of flour produced from whole, unripe Lakatan and Latundan bananas. Results showed high lightness values, reaching up to 90.94 for Lakatan and 89.14 for Latundan. Statistical models confirmed the significance of both linear and quadratic effects for Lakatan and Latundan, specifically. Optimal processing conditions were identified as blanching at 60–70 °C for 5–8 minutes, soaking for 10–15 minutes, and drying at 70 °C. These findings demonstrate the potential of converting underutilized banana varieties into high-quality, peel-inclusive flour, supporting sustainable waste management and the development of functional food ingredients. Ultimately, this approach supports national development by promoting resource efficiency, strengthening local agri-food industries, and contributing to food security in the Philippines. | |||||||||
46 | 44 | Judy Kristel V. Bayalas | MS | Chemistry | University of the Philippines Los Baños | Analytical Chemistry | Dr. Elmer-Rico E. Mojica | Introducing and Comparing Generative AI Tools to General Chemistry Students Judy Kristel V. Bayalas, Carmel Rose M. Rolloque and Elmer-Rico E. Mojica Abstract: The rapid advancement of generative AI tools have led to a significant interest in its potential application in higher education. Since the introduction of OpenAI ChatGPT in November 2022, there have been numerous generative AI tools that have been made available to the public. This article presents a study on introducing and comparing generative AI tools such as ChatGPT, Gemini (formerly Bard), and Perplexity in a General Chemistry course. At least 40 surveyed students provided feedback on their experience using various AI tools for an activity that requires the determination of geometry, polarity, and hybridization. Results showed students' preference to use ChatGPT in terms of navigation, interface friendliness, and adaptability to varied prompts while Perplexity is the top choice in terms of accuracy and reliability. Among the perceived benefits by students of using generative AI tools are understanding complex topics and doing practical tasks. However, they express concerns about accuracy, plagiarism, and over-reliance. Thus, there is a need to develop a complementary approach that balances both traditional learning and the use of AI tools for a more transformative chemical education. | Sponsored by Elmer Rico Mojica | ||||||||
47 | 45 | Vincent D. Mercado | Bachelor of Technology and Livelihood Education | Faculty of Technology and Livelihood Education | Southern Luzon State University - INFANTA CAMPUS | Home Economics/ Human Ecology | Mx. Paul Emmanuel P. Dela Rosa | LIVELIHOOD COPING STATEGIES OF FISHERFOLK HOUSEHOLDS IN ONE ISLAND COMMUNITY IN PANUKULAN QUEZON, PHILIPPINES Vincent D. Mercado, Almira M. Labastida, Paul Emmanuerl P. Dela Rosa Southern Luzon State University-Infanta Campus Abstract: The study investigated the livelihood coping strategies of fisherfolk households in Sitio Bongliw, Barangay Rizal, Panukulan, Quezon, which focusing on their alternative ways to meet the essential needs such as food, health, education, and shelter. The quantitative descriptive research design was used and the data were collected from 151 fisherfolk respondents and selected through simple random sampling. This study assessed their socio-economic and demographic profiles, including age, household size, years of number of fishing experience, and monthly income, alongside their reliance on stress, crisis, and emergency coping strategies. Findings revealed that almost all of the households belong to the adult and middle-adult aged groups, have medium-sized families (5 to 10 members), and have more than 20 years of experience in fishing. Despite this, the majority of fisherfolk households fell within the low-income and poor categories, highlighting high dependence on using available livelihood coping strategies. Stress coping strategies of 97% revealed spending of savings and (93%) on borrowing money to access essential needs. In crisis coping strategies, withdrawing children from school (11%) and engaging them in income generating activities with 14%, while emergency coping strategies such as selling productive animals 24% and migration 18% were less frequent but still significant. Health expenses with (100%) and food needs with (97%) revealed as the primary reason why households adopted these coping strategies, and followed by the education and paying debt with (85%). The study concludes that fisherfolk households remain highly dependent on short term coping strategies due to lack of financial support. Larger households, older members, and those with lower income were more likely to engage in risky strategies which highly needs interventions. The study suggested extension programs, financial assistance, and access to social services from local government that are crucial to reducing the household’s reliance on using risky strategies. Keywords: Crisis coping, emergency coping, fisherfolk households, livelihood coping strategies, stress coping | Supported by Ralph Turingan | ||||||||
48 | 6 | 46 | Aiza B. Umali | Graduate of MS Food Science (Batch 2024); currently deployed as MS Graduate Fellow at UPLB- Institute of Food Science and Technology | Institute of Food Science and Technology (IFST) | University of the Philippines Los Banos (UPLB) | Food science, food biochemistry, functional foods, waste valorization | Dr. Florencio C. Reginio Jr. | Process optimization and characterization of physicochemical and techno-functional properties of out-of-specification immature Cavendish (Musa acuminata [AAA group]) and Saba banana (Musa acuminata x balbisiana Colla) flours Aiza B. Umali, Frances Hannah A. Atienza, Faith Ester Joy M. Manalo, Kiana Arabella D. Santos, Eliezer P. Valencia Jr. , Jonina Marie J. Tengco, Joshua B. Benedicto, Prince Joseph V. Gaban, Sheba Mae M. Duque, Dennis Marvin O. Santiago, and Florencio C. Reginio Jr. Abstract: This study optimized the processing conditions for producing flour from out-of-specification (OOS) immature Cavendish and Saba bananas, which contribute to large volumes of agricultural waste in the Philippines, particularly during the typhoon season. Using response surface methodology (RSM), the effects of blanching time and temperature, soaking time, and drying temperature on flour lightness (L*) were evaluated to determine the optimal processing conditions. The optimized flour was then compared with commercially available banana flour in terms of physicochemical and techno-functional properties. Results showed that the optimized flours from both OOS varieties exhibited significantly higher lightness and improved color stability compared to both the control (unoptimized samples) and commercial flours. They also exhibited significantly higher levels of total soluble solids, resistant starch, ash, protein, fiber, and fat. In terms of functionality, the flours demonstrated enhanced water-holding, oil-absorption, swelling capacity, and water solubility, despite having lower flowability than the commercial flours. These findings underscore the potential of OOS bananas as a sustainable and value-added functional ingredient for diverse food applications. | ||||||||
49 | 2 | 47 | Christian Jay A. Vallejos | MS | Institute of Biological Sciences | Central Mindanao University | Systematics and Molecular Biology | Noe P. Mendez, M.Sc. | DECODING Wurfbainia elegans (Ridl.) Škorničk. & A.D.Poulsen (ZINGIBERACEAE): CYTOGENETIC ANALYSIS, PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, AND DNA BARCODING Christian Jay A. Vallejos1*, Meraluna J. Canunayon2, & Florfe M. Acma1, & Noe P. Mendez1 1Plant Biology Division, Institute of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Central Mindanao University, Musuan University Town, Barangay Dologon, Maramag, 8714, Bukidnon, Philippines 2Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Genetics, and Microbiology Division, Institute of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Central Mindanao University, Musuan University Town, Barangay Dologon, Maramag, 8714, Bukidnon, Philippines *Corresponding author: vallejoscj711@gmail.com Abstract: The Philippines is one of the most biodiverse countries, home to thousands of floral species, including some understudied members in the Zingiberaceae family. To the best of the proponent's knowledge, no studies have yet explored the cytogenetics, secondary metabolites, or molecular identification of W. elegans (Ridl.) Škorničk. & A.D. Poulsen, a Philippine endemic ginger species. Thus, this study investigated the cytogenetic profile, phytochemical compounds, and barcoding of W. elegans. Roots from replanted samples were used for plant cytogenetics. The ethanolic leaf extracts were then prepared for qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analyses. Additionally, young leaves underwent DNA extraction, quantification, electrophoresis, PCR, and sequencing. The cytogenetic investigation revealed that W. elegans has a chromosome count of 2n =44, with no signals of 45S and 5S rDNA probes. The qualitative phytochemical screening showed the presence of tannins, terpenoids, and saponins. The phenolic content exhibited measurable value (1.31 ±0.01 mg GAE/g), a higher number of flavonoids (4.37 ±0.04 mg QE/g), and Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) of 3.91 ± 0.03 mg AAE/g, contributing phenolic and flavonoid compounds to the robust value of antioxidant capacity. A strong positive linear relationship was observed among TPC, TFC, and TAC analyses (significant at p<0.001 level). The DNA barcoding analysis delineated W. elegans (CV4) from other related Zingiberaceae species based on the gene regions of ITS2, rbcLa, and ycf1b. In conclusion, W. elegans has a chromosome number of 2n=44, with the presence of phytochemical constituents, and distinct delineation within species in the Zingiberaceae family. Keywords: Endemic species, Gingers, Fluorescence In-situ Hybridization, Molecular phylogeny, Secondary metabolites | ||||||||
50 | 48 | Karen A. Bañas | PhD | Civil Engineering | De La Salle University | Hydraulics and Water Resources Engineering | Dr. Marla Maniquiz-Redillas | Development and Design of a Hybrid Dry–Wet Pond and Infiltration Trench System for Peak Flow Attenuation and Sediment Control in Steep-Slope Catchments K. Bañas1 and M. Maniquiz-Redillas2,* 1College of Engineering and Architecture, Catanduanes State University, Calatagan Proper, Virac, Catanduanes, 4800, Philippines 2Department of Civil Engineering, EcoHydrology & Nature-Based Solutions (EcoHydro-NBS) Unit, Center for Engineering and Sustainable Development Research (CESDR), De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Ave, Malate, Manila, 1004, Philippines Abstract Mountainous areas in Palo, Leyte, Philippines are highly susceptible to rainfall-induced soil erosion due to steep slopes, exposed soils, and rapid surface runoff. These conditions are further intensified by increasing rainfall variability and land disturbance, leading to significant sediment transport, reduced infiltration, and heightened flood risks in downstream communities. Despite these challenges, there remains a lack of standardized design frameworks and limited adoption of nature-based solutions (NBS) for stormwater management in the locality. Existing drainage systems are often inadequate to address peak flow conditions and sediment control, highlighting the urgent need for sustainable and site-appropriate interventions. This study presents the development and design of a hybrid infiltration-based green infrastructure system that integrates an infiltration trench with a Dry–Wet (DW) pond to address both hydraulic and water quality concerns. The system is conceptually designed to include a sedimentation channel for the capture of coarse particles, a DW pond for temporary storage and settling of finer sediments, and an infiltration trench that promotes filtration and groundwater recharge. The primary objective of the study is to develop a system capable of attenuating peak flows, reducing runoff volume, controlling sediment transport, and enhancing subsurface infiltration, thereby protecting downstream areas from erosion and flooding impacts. Laboratory-scale experiments were conducted to simulate high-intensity rainfall events and evaluate the hydraulic performance and sediment removal efficiency of the proposed system. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of the staged treatment approach in improving flow regulation and sediment retention. The findings provide essential design parameters and performance benchmarks that can guide the development of practical green infrastructure solutions. Ultimately, this study supports the implementation of the RainS-TECH (Rainfall and Stormwater Runoff Management Technologies for Tropical Catchments) project, contributing to the advancement of climate-resilient, low-impact development strategies for erosion-prone and underserved communities in the Philippines. Keywords: Infiltration trench; Green infrastructure; Sediment removal; Stormwater management; Low-impact development | |||||||||
51 | 3 | 49 | Jayson V. Cayetano | MS | Civil Engineering | De La Salle University | Hydraulics and Water Resources Engineering | Prof. Marla C. Maniquiz-Redillas | Watershed-scale investigation of sediment and its heavy metal contamination for filter media design and selection in tropical green stormwater infrastructure Jayson V. Cayetano and Marla C. Maniquiz-Redillas Abstract: Road-deposited sediments (RDS), derived from vehicular activity, atmospheric deposition, and land-use practices, contribute to the clogging of drainage systems and the accumulation of pollutants in receiving water bodies. These sediments are mobilized and transported through stormwater runoff, significantly contributing to diffuse pollution in urban watersheds making it difficult to manage and categorize. This study investigated the particle-size distribution of RDS and the associated concentrations of heavy metals, including Cr, Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, Fe, and Zn, to characterize sediment properties relevant for filter media design and selection in tropical green stormwater infrastructure.Pollution levels were assessed using the Enrichment Factor (EF), Contamination Factor (CF), Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo), and Pollution Load Index (PLI), while Principal Component Analysis was applied to identify spatial patterns and potential sources. Results showed that the median particle diameter ranged from 75–425 µm, with fine sand (>75 µm) dominating (57.53%), indicating a strong influence of traffic-induced fragmentation and runoff transport. Among the metals, Cu and Pb exhibited the highest contamination levels, with Igeo values indicating moderate to strong contamination for Cu (4.37–7.25) and moderate contamination for Pb (1.63–2.18), particularly in midstream and downstream sites.CF values confirmed moderate to considerable contamination for Cu (4.66–51.6) and Pb (1.0–9.4), while Cd and Fe remained low. The EF ranking (Cu > Pb > Ni > Cr > Zn > Cd > Fe) highlighted significant anthropogenic enrichment. PLI values exceeding 2 across all sites confirmed overall pollution, with the highest observed downstream. PCA results explained 45.46–52.24% of total variance, with Cu, Pb, Ni, Cd, and Cr associated with traffic-related sources, while Fe and Zn reflected natural background contributions. The findings provide a scientific basis for the development of a framework for sediment management and the design and selection of filter media in tropical green stormwater infrastructure. | ||||||||
52 | 50 | Rizelle Angela D. Koch | MS | Civil Engineering | De La Salle University | Water Resources / Environmental Engineering / Civil Engineering / Sustainable Engineering | Marla C. Maniquiz-Redillas, Ph.D. | Hydrological Patterns and Flood Vulnerability Assessment using a Multi-criteria GIS-based Approach in a Climate Type IV Municipality Rizelle Angela D. Koch and Marla C. Maniquiz-Redillas* Department of Civil Engineering, EcoHydrology & Nature-Based Solutions (EcoHydro-NBS) Unit, Center for Engineering and Sustainable Development Research (CESDR), De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Ave, Malate, Manila, 1004, Philippines *Corresponding author’s Email: marla.redillas@dlsu.edu.ph Abstract: Due to weakening drainage systems, aging infrastructure, and poor urban planning, flooding has grown to be one of the most critical problems in the Philippines to date. These difficulties are worsened by climate change which alters weather patterns and increases extreme weather events even during traditional warm seasons, emphasizing the need to identify flood vulnerability using a data-driven approach. Palo, a municipality in Leyte classified under Climate Type IV, was selected as a representative site due to its frequent exposure to periodic tropical cyclones and rainfall, with no distinct dry season throughout the year. Likewise, the region's geographical characteristics increase its vulnerability to typhoon-related hazards, a fact underscored by historical events like Super Typhoon Haiyan. To improve evidence-based strategies for mitigating risks, this research aims to assess flood susceptibility through the integration of hydrological patterns and physical characteristics of the study site. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) using Geographic Information System (GIS) environment was used to evaluate key factors including land use, elevation, soil type, and rainfall patterns. The findings indicate that, despite a decrease in low-risk areas, the extent of regions classified as highly vulnerable to flooding has noticeably increased over the past decades, with zones of high susceptibility experiencing substantial growth. The findings show that past drainage maintenance, roadworks, and cleanup projects have shown minimal effects in countering flood hazard in the area. This study emphasizes the critical need for community-based flood management techniques, climate-resilient infrastructure, and adaptive land use planning. It also highlights the value of combining GIS, remote sensing, and multi-criteria analysis to produce reliable and actionable flood risk estimates. The findings are useful for local, planners, and policymakers adopting long-term and proactive methods to flood risk management in data-constrained situations. | |||||||||
53 | 3 | 51 | Sergi S. Garbanzos | N/A | Civil Engineering | De La Salle University | Hydraulics and Water Resources | Prof. Marla Maniquiz-Redillas | Design of Rainwater Harvesting Tanks Modeled Under Climate Change Scenarios Sergi Garbanzos, Juan Paolo Alejo, Carlos Luis Diamante, Stephanie Nicole Placino, Rei Christian Tan, Justine Rey Macalalad, Marla Maniquiz-Redillas Abstract: Rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems have recently emerged as a solution addressing water scarcity and flood management issues caused by intensified rainfall variability resulting from climate change. Variations in rainfall patterns, however, have also made it difficult to develop standardized designs for RWH systems, and there are currently few assessments of the relationship between changing climate conditions across different climate types and optimized RWH designs based on runoff generation. This study aims to design RWH tanks modeled under various climate change scenarios in PCSWMM. Historical rainfall data from the years 1985–2024 were collected from four pilot cities, representative of the four Philippine climate types: Quezon City (Type I), Eastern Samar (Type II), Cagayan (Type III), and Agusan del Norte (Type IV). These values were projected using the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP 2–4) and refined through bias adjustment to minimize systematic errors. Rainfall disaggregation using the 85th, 90th, 95th, and 99th percentiles was conducted for input in the PCSWMM. Modeling results show that runoff reduction generated by rainfall tanks can peak at nearly 90% from the largest tank size (1200 m³), although the reduction decreases as rainfall amounts increase. By around 15-20 mm of rainfall, runoff reduction becomes stagnant in Type III and Type IV climates; however, this limit increases to around 20-30 mm for Type I and Type II climates. Designs have then been set to attain 50%, 75%, and 99% runoff reductions in each site, where trends between the rainfall amount and the storage volume / catchment area depict predominantly exponential and logarithmic trends for the Type I and Type II climates and linear trends for the Type III and Type IV climates. These results can be utilized as a science-based RWH guide that accounts for climate change for future implementation. | ||||||||
54 | 52 | Justine Rey V. Macalalad | MS | Civil Engineering | De La Salle University | Nature Based Solutions, Climate Change, Low Impact Development | Marla C. Maniquiz-Redillas | Event-Based Investigation of Rainfall–Runoff Dynamics in an Impervious Roof Catchment under Climate Extremes for Rainwater Harvesting System Design Justine Rey Macalalad and Marla C. Maniquiz-Redillas Department of Civil Engineering, EcoHydrology & Nature-Based Solutions (EcoHydro-NBS) Unit, Center for Engineering and Sustainable Development Research (CESDR), De La Salle University *Corresponding author’s Email: marla.redillas@dlsu.edu.ph Abstract: Majority of the infrastructures in urbanized areas have developed high degrees of imperviousness, leading to alterations in the natural hydrology of the catchments in dry and wet conditions. Catchments of this nature, such as roofing systems of buildings, are prone to accumulation of sediments and pollutants. Furthermore, rainfall events lead to the generation of mostly runoff that are coursed into drainage systems. However, the impacts of climate change causes unpredictability and variations in the intensity and frequency of rainfall events, causing tremendous peak flows that lead to flooding. Nature based solutions (NBS) are strategies that sustainably mitigate and manage stormwater using natural resources, capable of alleviating climate change impacts and flood risks. However, to properly design and implement NBS, site-specific hydrologic considerations by understanding the dynamics of rainfall and roof runoff while accounting for climate extremes is key. This study investigates rainfall–runoff dynamics and pollutant transport in an urban roof catchment under Type I climate. Three rainfall events with varying rainfall intensities and antecedent dry periods (ADP) (1-6 days) were evaluated based on the runoff discharge collected through grab sampling and analyzed based on flows and total suspended solids (TSS) through hydrograph analysis. Results show that rainfall events with higher intensities generate higher peak flows ranging from 142.05 to 294.46 mL/s with short time lag of around 10 to 20 minutes and higher amounts of concentrations are determined for events with longer ADP, with Event Mean Concentration (EMC) of TSS ranging from 5.6 to 20 mg/L. The findings provide empirical evidence in understanding the dynamics of rainfall and runoff, which are important factors in the design of nature-based technologies, such as Rainwater Harvesting (RWH) Systems, for stormwater quality control and flood risk management in roof catchments in the Philippines. Keywords: rainfall-runoff dynamics, antecedent dry period, pollutant transport, hydrograph analysis, urban stormwater management, climate extremes | |||||||||
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