ABCD
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(updated 24 Janaury 2024)
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RFE/RL Broadcast services, languages and target audiences
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ServiceLanguageYearsTarget
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N. CaucasusAdygeMarch 18, 1953 to 1970sNorth Caucasus
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BalkanAlbanianMarch 8, 1999 to presentKosovo
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AlbanianAlbanianJune 1, 1951 to 1952Albania
8
Radio Free IraqArabicOctober 30, 1998 to July 31, 2015Iraq
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ArmenianArmenianMarch 18, 1953 to presentArmenia
10
N. CaucasusAvarMarch 18, 1953 to 1970'sNorth Caucasus
11
N. CaucasusAvarApril 3, 2002 to May 31, 2016North Caucasus
12
AzeriAzeriMarch 5, 1953 to presentAzerbaijan
13
Tatar-BashkirBashkirearly 1990s to presentBashkortostan (Russia)
14
BelarusBelarusianMay 20, 1954 to presentBelarus
15
BalkanBosnianJanuary 31, 1994 to presentBosnia
16
Bulgarian (7)BulgarianAugust 11, 1950 to January 31, 2004; January 21, 2019 to presentBulgaria
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CzechoslovakCarpatho-Ruthenian1954 to 1955Eastern Slovakia
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N. CaucasusChechenApril 3, 2002 to presentNorth Caucasus
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N. CaucasusChechenMarch 18, 1953 to 1970sNorth Caucasus
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N. CaucasusCircassianApril 3, 2002 to May 31, 2016North Caucasus
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Tatar-BashkirCrimean Tatar1960s to presentUkraine
22
Balkan (5)CroatianJanuary 31, 1994 to September 2018Croatia / Bosnia
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"Current Time" (8)RussianFebruary 7, 2017 to presentRussian-speakers globally
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Czech ServiceCzechJanuary 1, 1993 to December 31, 1994Czech Republic
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CzechoslovakCzechJuly 4, 1950 to December 31, 1992Czechoslovakia
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RSE, Inc.CzechJanuary 1, 1995 to September 30, 2002Czech Republic
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Afghan (9)DariOctober 1, 1985 to October 19, 1993; January 30, 2002 to presentAfghanistan
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EstonianEstonianJune 20, 1975 to January 31, 2004Estonia
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GeorgianGeorgianMarch 3, 1953 to presentGeorgia
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HungarianHungarianAugust 4, 1950 to December 31, 1993Hungary
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N. CaucasusIngushMarch 18, 1953 to 1970sNorth Caucasus
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N. CaucasusKarachai-BalkarMarch 18, 1953 to 1970sNorth Caucasus
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N. CaucasusKarakalpak1960s to 1970sNorth Caucasus
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KazakhKazakhMarch 18, 1953 to presentKazakhstan
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KyrgyzKyrgyzMarch 18, 1953 to presentKyrgyzstan
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LatvianLatgallianJuly 5, 1975 to January 31, 2004Latvia
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LatvianLatvianJuly 5, 1975 to January 31, 2004Latvia
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LithuanianLithuanianFebruary 16, 1975 to January 31, 2004Lithuania
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BalkanMacedonianSeptember 1, 2001 to presentMacedonia
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Balkan (2)MontenegrinJune 1, 2000 to presentMontenegro
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N. CaucasusOssetianMarch 18, 1953 to 1970sNorth Caucasus
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Afghan (9)PashtoSeptember 1987 to October 19, 1993; January 30, 2002 to presentAfghanistan
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Radio MashaalPashtoJanuary 15, 2010 to presentPakistan NW border region
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Persian (Azadi Radio/Radio Farda) (4)
PersianOctober 30, 1998 to presentIran
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PolishPolishAugust 4, 1950 to December 31, 1994Poland
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RWE, Inc.PolishJanuary 1, 1995 to 1997Poland
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Moldova (3)Romanian1998 to presentMoldova
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Romanian (6)RomanianJuly 14, 1950 to August 1, 2008; January 14, 2019 to presentRomania
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Russian (1)RussianMarch 1, 1953 to presentRussia / former Soviet republics
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Georgian (Ekho Kavkaza)RussianNovember 2, 2009 to presentAbkhazia / South Ossetia (Georgia)
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LatvianRussianFebruary 2001 to January 31, 2004Latvia
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BalkanSerbianJanuary 31, 1994 to presentSerbia / Bosnia
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CzechoslovakSlovakJuly 4, 1950 to December 31, 1992Czechoslovakia
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SlovakSlovakJanuary 4, 1993 to January 31, 2004Slovakia
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TajikTajikMarch 18, 1953 to presentTajikistan
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Tatar-BashkirTatarDecember 11, 1953 to presentTatarstan (Russia)
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TurkmenTurkmenMarch 2, 1953 to presentTurkmenistan
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UkrainianUkrainianAugust 16, 1954 to presentUkraine
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UyghurUyghurOctober 1966 to February 15, 1979Soviet Central Asia
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UzbekUzbekMarch 18, 1953 to presentUzbekistan
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*** RFE/RL no longer broadcasts in the italicized languages
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Notes:
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(1) Russian Service broadcast to Soviet Forces in Eastern Europe and Cuba, 1950s-1960s
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(2) Balkan Service special program for Montenegro started July 2000
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(3) Romanian Service continued broadcasting to its audience in Moldova after 2008 end of broadcasting to Romania. Some Moldovans call their language Moldovan, as distinct from Romanian.
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(4) RFE/RL's Persian Service (Radio Azadi) operated from October 30, 1998 to December 1, 2002. Radio Azadi staff, along with VOA Persian Service staff, were combined into a joint "Radio Farda" that operated from December 19, 2002-July 7, 2008, when management of Radio Farda was consolidated under RFE/RL, where it continues operations to the present.
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(5) Balkan Service ended standalone broadcasting in Croatian on December 1, 2003, but continued to use Croatian as part of its regional programming for the Balkans until FY2018.
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(6) RFE/RL ended broadcasts to Romania in August 2008; content production for Romanian audiences resumed in January 2019.
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(7) RFE/RL ended broadcasts in Bulgarian in January 2004; content production for Bulgarian audiences resumed in January 2019.
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(8) "Current Time" began on October 14, 2014 as a 30-minute news program jointly produced by RFE/RL and Voice of America; continuous expansion of the Service culminated in the February 7, 2017 debut of the 24/7 digital and TV channel, led by RFE/RL in cooperations with VOA.
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(9) Afghan Service between 1985 and 1993 was known as "Radio Free Afghanistan."