A | B | C | D | |
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1 | (updated 24 Janaury 2024) | |||
2 | RFE/RL Broadcast services, languages and target audiences | |||
3 | Service | Language | Years | Target |
4 | ||||
5 | N. Caucasus | Adyge | March 18, 1953 to 1970s | North Caucasus |
6 | Balkan | Albanian | March 8, 1999 to present | Kosovo |
7 | Albanian | Albanian | June 1, 1951 to 1952 | Albania |
8 | Radio Free Iraq | Arabic | October 30, 1998 to July 31, 2015 | Iraq |
9 | Armenian | Armenian | March 18, 1953 to present | Armenia |
10 | N. Caucasus | Avar | March 18, 1953 to 1970's | North Caucasus |
11 | N. Caucasus | Avar | April 3, 2002 to May 31, 2016 | North Caucasus |
12 | Azeri | Azeri | March 5, 1953 to present | Azerbaijan |
13 | Tatar-Bashkir | Bashkir | early 1990s to present | Bashkortostan (Russia) |
14 | Belarus | Belarusian | May 20, 1954 to present | Belarus |
15 | Balkan | Bosnian | January 31, 1994 to present | Bosnia |
16 | Bulgarian (7) | Bulgarian | August 11, 1950 to January 31, 2004; January 21, 2019 to present | Bulgaria |
17 | Czechoslovak | Carpatho-Ruthenian | 1954 to 1955 | Eastern Slovakia |
18 | N. Caucasus | Chechen | April 3, 2002 to present | North Caucasus |
19 | N. Caucasus | Chechen | March 18, 1953 to 1970s | North Caucasus |
20 | N. Caucasus | Circassian | April 3, 2002 to May 31, 2016 | North Caucasus |
21 | Tatar-Bashkir | Crimean Tatar | 1960s to present | Ukraine |
22 | Balkan (5) | Croatian | January 31, 1994 to September 2018 | Croatia / Bosnia |
23 | "Current Time" (8) | Russian | February 7, 2017 to present | Russian-speakers globally |
24 | Czech Service | Czech | January 1, 1993 to December 31, 1994 | Czech Republic |
25 | Czechoslovak | Czech | July 4, 1950 to December 31, 1992 | Czechoslovakia |
26 | RSE, Inc. | Czech | January 1, 1995 to September 30, 2002 | Czech Republic |
27 | Afghan (9) | Dari | October 1, 1985 to October 19, 1993; January 30, 2002 to present | Afghanistan |
28 | Estonian | Estonian | June 20, 1975 to January 31, 2004 | Estonia |
29 | Georgian | Georgian | March 3, 1953 to present | Georgia |
30 | Hungarian | Hungarian | August 4, 1950 to December 31, 1993 | Hungary |
31 | N. Caucasus | Ingush | March 18, 1953 to 1970s | North Caucasus |
32 | N. Caucasus | Karachai-Balkar | March 18, 1953 to 1970s | North Caucasus |
33 | N. Caucasus | Karakalpak | 1960s to 1970s | North Caucasus |
34 | Kazakh | Kazakh | March 18, 1953 to present | Kazakhstan |
35 | Kyrgyz | Kyrgyz | March 18, 1953 to present | Kyrgyzstan |
36 | Latvian | Latgallian | July 5, 1975 to January 31, 2004 | Latvia |
37 | Latvian | Latvian | July 5, 1975 to January 31, 2004 | Latvia |
38 | Lithuanian | Lithuanian | February 16, 1975 to January 31, 2004 | Lithuania |
39 | Balkan | Macedonian | September 1, 2001 to present | Macedonia |
40 | Balkan (2) | Montenegrin | June 1, 2000 to present | Montenegro |
41 | N. Caucasus | Ossetian | March 18, 1953 to 1970s | North Caucasus |
42 | Afghan (9) | Pashto | September 1987 to October 19, 1993; January 30, 2002 to present | Afghanistan |
43 | Radio Mashaal | Pashto | January 15, 2010 to present | Pakistan NW border region |
44 | Persian (Azadi Radio/Radio Farda) (4) | Persian | October 30, 1998 to present | Iran |
45 | Polish | Polish | August 4, 1950 to December 31, 1994 | Poland |
46 | RWE, Inc. | Polish | January 1, 1995 to 1997 | Poland |
47 | Moldova (3) | Romanian | 1998 to present | Moldova |
48 | Romanian (6) | Romanian | July 14, 1950 to August 1, 2008; January 14, 2019 to present | Romania |
49 | Russian (1) | Russian | March 1, 1953 to present | Russia / former Soviet republics |
50 | Georgian (Ekho Kavkaza) | Russian | November 2, 2009 to present | Abkhazia / South Ossetia (Georgia) |
51 | Latvian | Russian | February 2001 to January 31, 2004 | Latvia |
52 | Balkan | Serbian | January 31, 1994 to present | Serbia / Bosnia |
53 | Czechoslovak | Slovak | July 4, 1950 to December 31, 1992 | Czechoslovakia |
54 | Slovak | Slovak | January 4, 1993 to January 31, 2004 | Slovakia |
55 | Tajik | Tajik | March 18, 1953 to present | Tajikistan |
56 | Tatar-Bashkir | Tatar | December 11, 1953 to present | Tatarstan (Russia) |
57 | Turkmen | Turkmen | March 2, 1953 to present | Turkmenistan |
58 | Ukrainian | Ukrainian | August 16, 1954 to present | Ukraine |
59 | Uyghur | Uyghur | October 1966 to February 15, 1979 | Soviet Central Asia |
60 | Uzbek | Uzbek | March 18, 1953 to present | Uzbekistan |
61 | ||||
62 | *** RFE/RL no longer broadcasts in the italicized languages | |||
63 | ||||
64 | Notes: | |||
65 | (1) Russian Service broadcast to Soviet Forces in Eastern Europe and Cuba, 1950s-1960s | |||
66 | (2) Balkan Service special program for Montenegro started July 2000 | |||
67 | (3) Romanian Service continued broadcasting to its audience in Moldova after 2008 end of broadcasting to Romania. Some Moldovans call their language Moldovan, as distinct from Romanian. | |||
68 | (4) RFE/RL's Persian Service (Radio Azadi) operated from October 30, 1998 to December 1, 2002. Radio Azadi staff, along with VOA Persian Service staff, were combined into a joint "Radio Farda" that operated from December 19, 2002-July 7, 2008, when management of Radio Farda was consolidated under RFE/RL, where it continues operations to the present. | |||
69 | (5) Balkan Service ended standalone broadcasting in Croatian on December 1, 2003, but continued to use Croatian as part of its regional programming for the Balkans until FY2018. | |||
70 | (6) RFE/RL ended broadcasts to Romania in August 2008; content production for Romanian audiences resumed in January 2019. | |||
71 | (7) RFE/RL ended broadcasts in Bulgarian in January 2004; content production for Bulgarian audiences resumed in January 2019. | |||
72 | (8) "Current Time" began on October 14, 2014 as a 30-minute news program jointly produced by RFE/RL and Voice of America; continuous expansion of the Service culminated in the February 7, 2017 debut of the 24/7 digital and TV channel, led by RFE/RL in cooperations with VOA. | |||
73 | (9) Afghan Service between 1985 and 1993 was known as "Radio Free Afghanistan." |