1 | ID | prefLabel_en | altLabel_en | altLabel_en2 | definition_en | Wikipedia | Field of Numismatics 1 | Field of Numismatics 2 | Field of Numismatics 3 | Role | Parent Org 1 | Start | End | Role2 | Parent Org 2 | Start2 | End2 | Role3 | Parent Org 3 | Start3 | End3 | See Also | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2 | achaemenid_empire | Achaemenid Empire | Persian Empire | The Achaemenid Empire, also called the Persian Empire, was an ancient Iranian empire based in Western Asia founded by Cyrus the Great. It was brought to an end by the conquest of Alexander the Great. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire | http://nomisma.org/id/empire | -550 | -330 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
3 | aetolian_league | Aetolian League | Aitolian League | The Aetolian League was a confederation of tribal communities and cities in ancient Greece centered in Aetolia in central Greece. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aetolian_League | http://nomisma.org/id/league | -367 | -188 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
4 | agrigentum_city | Akragas | Agrigentum | Akragas; Ancient Greek: Ἀκράγας, romanized: Akragas; Latin: Agrigentum or Acragas; Arabic: Kirkent or Jirjent) was one of the leading cities of Magna Graecia during the golden age of Ancient Greece with population estimates in the range of 200,000 to 800,000 before 406 BC. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrigento | http://nomisma.org/id/city-state | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
5 | amathus_city | Amathus | Amathous | Amathus or was an ancient city and one of the ancient royal cities of Cyprus until about 300 B.C. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amathus | http://nomisma.org/id/city-state | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
6 | aradus_city | Aradus | Arados | Aradus (Aynuk) was a Phoenician city-state. It was one of four client-states in Phoenicia belonging to the Achaemenid Empire. | http://nomisma.org/id/city-state | -538 | -332 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
7 | arcadian_league | Arcadian League | The Arcadian League was a federal league of city-states in ancient Greece. It combined the various cities of Arcadia, in the Peloponnese, into a single state. The league was founded in 370 BC, taking advantage of the decreased power of Sparta, which had previously dominated and controlled Arcadia. Mantinea, a city that had suffered under Spartan dominance, was particularly prominent in pushing for its founding. The league was responsible for the foundation of Megalopolis. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcadian_League | http://nomisma.org/id/league | -370 | -240 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
8 | armenia_minor_kingdom | Kingdom of Armenia Minor | Lesser Armenia | Armenia Inferior | Lesser Armenia, also known as Armenia Minor and Armenia Inferior, comprised the Armenian–populated regions primarily to the west and northwest of the ancient Kingdom of Armenia. | http://nomisma.org/id/realm | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
9 | armenia_satrapy | Satrapy of Armenia | The Satrapy of Armenia (Armenian: Սատրապական Հայաստան Satrapakan Hayastan; Old Persian: Armina or Arminiya, a region controlled by the Orontid Dynasty (Armenian: Երվանդունիներ Yervanduniner; 570–201 BC) was one of the satrapies of the Achaemenid Empire in the 6th century BC, which later became an independent kingdom. Its capitals were Tushpa and later Erebuni. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satrapy_of_Armenia | http://nomisma.org/id/province | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
10 | armenian_kingdom | Kingdom of Armenia | Kingdom of Greater Armenia | The Kingdom of Armenia, also the Kingdom of Greater Armenia, was a monarchy in the Ancient Near East which existed from 321 BC to 428 AD. Its history is divided into successive reigns by three royal dynasties: Orontid (321 BC–200 BC), Artaxiad (189 BC–12 AD) and Arsacid (52–428). | http://nomisma.org/id/realm | -321 | 428 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
11 | athamanes_tribe | Athamanes | Athamanians | Athamanians or Athamanes (Greek: Ἀθαμάνες, Athamanes) were an ancient Greek tribe that inhabited south-eastern Epirus and west Thessaly. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athamanians | http://nomisma.org/id/tribe | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
12 | athens_city | Athens | Athens (Greek: Αθήνα, romanized: Athína; Ancient Greek: Ἀθῆναι, romanized: Athênai (pl.))was a powerful city-state that emerged in Attica in conjunction with the seagoing development of the port of Piraeus. A center for the arts, learning and philosophy, home of Plato's Academy and Aristotle's Lyceum, it is widely referred to as the cradle of Western civilization and the birthplace of democracy, largely because of its cultural and political impact on the European continent, and in particular the Romans. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athens | http://nomisma.org/id/city-state | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
13 | atropatene_kingdom | Media Atropatene | Atropatene was an ancient kingdom established and ruled under local ethnic Iranian dynasties, first with Darius III of Persia and later Alexander the Great of Macedonia starting in the 4th century BC and includes the territory of modern-day Iranian Azerbaijan, Iranian Kurdistan, and a small part of the contemporary Azerbaijan Republic. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atropatene | http://nomisma.org/id/realm | -323 | -250 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
14 | audumbaras_tribe | Audumbaras | Audumbras | The Audumbras, or Audumbaras were a north Indian tribal nation east of the Punjab, in the Western Himalaya region. They were the most important tribe of the Himachal, and lived in the lower hills between Sirmaur, Chamba and Yamuna. They issued coinage from the 1st century BCE, when they seemingly gained independence from the Indo-Greeks. The silver coins of the Kunindas, the Vemakas and the Audumbaras closely follow the coins of Apollodotus II in their characteristics (weight, size and material). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audumbaras | http://nomisma.org/id/tribe | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
15 | bactrian_kingdom | Bactrian Kingdom | The Bactrian Kingdom was – along with the Indo-Greek Kingdom – the easternmost part of the Hellenistic world, covering Bactria and Sogdiana in Central Asia from 250 to 125 BC. Diodotus, the satrap of Bactria (and probably the surrounding provinces) founded the Bactrian Kingdom when he seceded from the Seleucid Empire around 250 BC and became King Diodotus I of Bactria. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greco-Bactrian_Kingdom | http://nomisma.org/id/realm | -256 | -125 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
16 | bithynian_kingdom | Kingdom of Bithynia | The Kingdom of Bithynia was formed within the historical region of Bithynia, in the northwest of Asia Minor, adjoining the Propontis, the Thracian Bosporus and the Euxine Sea. Founded by the late 4th century B.C., it rose to prominence among the lesser kingdoms of Anatolia under the reign of Nicomedes I (c. 278 - 255 B.C.). The kingdom was finally bequeathed to the Roman Republic in 74 B.C. by Nicomedes IV. | http://nomisma.org/id/realm | -297 | -74 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
17 | boeotian_league | Boeotian League | The Boeotian League was a conglomeration of eleven sovereign city-states within the historical region of Boeotia, primarily administered from Thebes. The league effectively came to an end as an independent political entity with the destruction of Thebes by Alexander the Great in 335 B.C. | http://nomisma.org/id/league | -550 | -335 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
18 | bosporan_kingdom | Kingdom of the Cimmerian Bosporus | Bosporan Kingdom | The Bosporan Kingdom, also known as the Kingdom of the Cimmerian Bosporus, was an ancient Greco-Scythian state located in eastern Crimea and the Taman Peninsula on the shores of the Cimmerian Bosporus, the present-day Strait of Kerch. | http://nomisma.org/id/realm | -438 | -107 | http://nomisma.org/id/realm | -107 | -63 | -63 | 370 | |||||||||||||||||||
19 | byblus_city | Byblus | Byblos | Byblus was a Phoenician city-state. It was one of four client-states in Phoenicia belonging to the Achaemenid Empire. | http://nomisma.org/id/city-state | -538 | -332 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
20 | caeni_tribe | Caeni | Kainoi | Kainoi (Greek: Καινοί) or Caeni is the name of a Thracian tribe, mentioned by the Roman historian Livy, and ruled in the late 2nd cent. by Mostis, known from coins. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caeni | http://nomisma.org/id/tribe | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
21 | cappadocia_satrapy | Satrapy of Cappadocia | Cappadocia | Cappadocia (from Old Persian Katpatuka) was a satrapy (province) of the Achaemenid Empire used by the Achaemenids to administer the regions beyond the Taurus Mountains and the Euphrates river. It became an independent kingdom under Ariarathes I in 331 B.C. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cappadocia_(satrapy) | http://nomisma.org/id/province | -350 | -331 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
22 | cappadocian_kingdom | Kingdom of Cappadocia | The Kingdom of Cappadocia was a Hellenistic-era Iranian kingdom centered in the historical region of Cappadocia in Asia Minor. It developed from the former Achaemenid satrapy of Cappadocia, and it was founded by its last satrap, Ariarathes (later Ariarathes I). Throughout its history, it was ruled by three families in succession; the House of Ariarathes (331-96 BC), the House of Ariobarzanes (96 BC-36 BC), and lastly that of Archelaus (36 BC-17 AD). In 17 AD, following the death of Archelaus, during the reign of Roman emperor Tiberius (14-37), the kingdom was incorporated as a Roman province. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cappadocia | http://nomisma.org/id/realm | -320 | 17 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
23 | caria_satrapy | Satrapy of Caria | Caria | Caria (/ˈkɛəriə/; from Greek: Καρία, Karia, Turkish: Karya) was a region of western Anatolia extending along the coast from mid-Ionia (Mycale) south to Lycia and east to Phrygia. It was ruled as an Achaemenid satrapy in the 4th century BC by the Hecatomnid dynasty, and subsequently controlled by a number of strategoi under Alexander and his early successors. | http://nomisma.org/id/province | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
24 | chalcis_kingdom | Kingdom of Chalcis | Chalcis | Chalcis sub Libanum | Chalcis was a small ancient Iturean majority kingdom situated in the Beqaa Valley, named for and originally based from the city of the same name. The ancient city of Chalcis (a.k.a. Chalcis sub Libanum, Chalcis of Coele-Syria was located midway between Berytus and Damascus. It was founded by Ptolemaeus, son of Menneus, an Ituraean dynast in about 85 B.C. as Seleucid influence diminished, but it became a Roman client-state ca. 60 B.C. under Pompey. It was absorbed into the Roman province of Syria in A.D. 92. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Chalcis | http://nomisma.org/id/realm | -85 | -60 | http://nomisma.org/id/realm | http://nomisma.org/id/roman_empire | -60 | 92 | ||||||||||||||||||
25 | characene_kingdom | Kingdom of Characene | Characene, also known as Mesene or Meshan, was a state founded by the Iranian Hyspaosines within the Parthian Empire located at the head of the Persian Gulf. Its capital, Charax Spasinou (Χάραξ Σπασινού), was an important port for trade between Mesopotamia and India, and also provided port facilities for the city of Susa further up the Karun River. | http://nomisma.org/id/realm | http://nomisma.org/id/parthian_empire | -127 | 222 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
26 | chukhsa_satrapy | Satrapy of Chukhsa | Chukhsa | Chukhsa was an ancient area of Pakistan, probably modern Chachh, west of the city of Taxila. The area is mentioned in various epigraphic material, such as the Taxila copper plate inscription, where it is described as a territory of the Indo-Scythian ruler Liaka Kusulaka. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chukhsa | http://nomisma.org/id/realm | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
27 | cilicia_kingdom | Kingdom of Cilicia | Kingdom in Cilicia formed by the elevation of Tarcondimotus to royal status by Mark Antony in 39 BC | http://nomisma.org/id/realm | http://nomisma.org/id/roman_empire | -39 | 17 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
28 | citium_city | Citium | Kition | Kition (Greek: Κίτιον, Kítion; Punic: 𐤊𐤕, kt, or 𐤊𐤕𐤉, kty), also known by its Latin name Citium, was a city-kingdom on the southern coast of Cyprus (in present-day Larnaca). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kition | http://nomisma.org/id/city-state | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
29 | colchis_kingdom | Kingdom of Colchis | Kingdom located on the coast of the Black Sea, centred in present-day western Georgia, formed by the Roman general Pompey as part of his settlement of Asia during the Mithridatic Wars. | http://nomisma.org/id/realm | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
30 | commagene_kingdom | Kingdom of Commagene | Commagene | The Kingdom of Commagene was an ancient Armenian kingdom of the Hellenistic period, located in and around the ancient city of Samosata, which served as its capital. Commagene has been characterized as a "buffer state" between Armenia, Parthia, Syria, and Rome; culturally, it was correspondingly mixed. The kings of the Kingdom of Commagene claimed descent from Orontes with Darius I of Persia. It was later absorbed into the Roman Empire. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Commagene | http://nomisma.org/id/realm | -163 | 72 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
31 | commagene_satrapy | Satrapy of Commagene | Commagene | The satrapy of Commagene had been a province of the Seleucid Empire from ca. 290 B.C. until the Seleucids were overthrown by Ptolemaeus, its satrap, in 163 B.C. Commagene then became an independent kingdom. | http://nomisma.org/id/province | http://nomisma.org/id/seleucid_empire | -290 | -163 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
32 | cos_city | Cos | Kos | Kos or Cos (Greek: Κως [kos]) is a city on the Greek island of the same name, part of the Dodecanese island chain in the southeastern Aegean Sea. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kos | http://nomisma.org/id/city-state | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
33 | cyrene_kingdom | Kingdom of Cyrene | Kingdom of Cyrenaica | Kingdom based in Cyrenaica (Arabic: برقة, romanized: Barqah; Koinē Greek: Κυρηναϊκή [ἐπαρχία], romanized: Kurēnaïkḗ [eparkhíā], after the city of Cyrene), the eastern coastal region of Libya. Also known as Pentapolis ("Five Cities") in antiquity, it formed part of the Roman province of Crete and Cyrenaica, later divided into Libya Pentapolis and Libya Sicca. During the Islamic period, the area came to be known as Barqa, after the city of Barca. | http://nomisma.org/id/realm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
34 | dacian_kingdom | Dacia | Dacia was bounded in the south approximately by the Danubius river (Danube), in Greek sources the Istros, or at its greatest extent, by the Haemus Mons. Moesia (Dobruja), a region south-east of the Danube, was a core area where the Getae lived and interacted with the Ancient Greeks. In the east it was bounded by the Pontus Euxinus (Black Sea) and the river Danastris (Dniester), in Greek sources the Tyras. But several Dacian settlements are recorded between the rivers Dniester and Hypanis (Southern Bug), and the Tisia (Tisza) to the west. | http://nomisma.org/id/realm | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
35 | egypt_ancient_kingdom | Egypt | Pharaonic Egypt | Ancient Egypt was a civilization of ancient North Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River, situated in the place that is now the country Egypt. Ancient Egyptian civilization followed prehistoric Egypt and coalesced around 3100 BC (according to conventional Egyptian chronology) with the political unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under Menes (often identified with Narmer). The history of ancient Egypt occurred as a series of stable kingdoms, separated by periods of relative instability known as Intermediate Periods: the Old Kingdom of the Early Bronze Age, the Middle Kingdom of the Middle Bronze Age and the New Kingdom of the Late Bronze Age. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egypt | http://nomisma.org/id/realm | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
36 | egypt_satrapy | Satrapy of Egypt | Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt | Thirty-first Dynasty of Egypt | The Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XXVII, alternatively 27th Dynasty or Dynasty 27), also known as the First Egyptian Satrapy was effectively a province (satrapy) of the Achaemenid Persian Empire between 525 BC and 404 BC. It was founded by Cambyses II, the King of Persia, after his conquest of Egypt and subsequent crowning as Pharaoh of Egypt, and was disestablished upon the rebellion and crowning of Amyrtaeus as Pharaoh. A second period of Achaemenid rule in Egypt occurred under the Thirty-first Dynasty of Egypt (343-332 BC). | http://nomisma.org/id/province | -525 | -404 | http://nomisma.org/id/province | -343 | -332 | ||||||||||||||||||||
37 | elis_city | Elis | Elis (Ancient Greek: Ἦλις, Doric Greek: Ἆλις, in the local dialect: Ϝᾶλις, Modern Greek: Ήλιδα, romanized: Elida) was a polis (city-state) and the capital city of the ancient district of Elis, in ancient Greece. It was situated in the northwest of the Peloponnese, to the west of Arcadia. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elis_(city) | http://nomisma.org/id/city-state | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
38 | elymais_kingdom | Kingdom of Elymais | Elam | Susiana | Elymais or Elamais was a semi-independent state of the 2nd century BC to the early 3rd century AD, frequently a vassal under Parthian control, and located at the head of the Persian Gulf in the present-day region of Khuzestan, Iran (Susiana). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elymais | http://nomisma.org/id/realm | http://nomisma.org/id/parthian_empire | -147 | 224 | |||||||||||||||||||||
39 | ephesus_city | Ephesus | Ephesus (Ancient Greek: Ἔφεσος Efesos; Turkish: Efes; Hittite Apasa) was an ancient Greek city on the coast of Ionia, three kilometres southwest of present-day Selçuk in İzmir Province, Turkey. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ephesus | http://nomisma.org/id/city-state | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
40 | epirote_kingdom | Kingdom of Epirus | Epirus was an ancient Greek state, located in the geographical region of Epirus in the western Balkans. The homeland of the ancient Epirotes was bordered by the Aetolian League to the south, Thessaly and Macedonia to the east, and Illyrian tribes to the north. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epirus_(ancient_state) | http://nomisma.org/id/realm | -330 | -231 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
41 | euboean_league | Euboean League | The Euboean League was a federal league (koinon) of the cities of Euboea in ancient Greece, extant from the 3rd century BC to the 2nd or 3rd century AD. | http://nomisma.org/id/league | -294 | 305 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
42 | galatian_kingdom | Kingdom of Galatia | Galatia | A Kingdom in central and (later) southern Anatolia. First held by Brogitarus, it was subsequently given to Amyntas by Mark Antony. After his death in 25 BC, Galatia was incorporated by Augustus into the Roman Empire, becoming a Roman province. | http://nomisma.org/id/realm | http://nomisma.org/id/roman_empire | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
43 | gambrium_city | Gambrium | Gambrium or Gambrion (Ancient Greek: Γάμβριον and Γάμβρειον), also Gambreium or Gambreion (Γάμβρειον), was a town of ancient Aeolis and of Mysia, quite close to Pergamum. Its location is near Kınık and Bergama in İzmir province, in the Aegean Region of Turkey. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gambrium | http://nomisma.org/id/city-state | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
44 | gandhara_kingdom | Gandhara (Indo-Greek Kingdom) | The historical region of Gandhara in the Peshawar basic of modern Pakistan-Afghanistan was ruled for a period by Indo-Scythian kings following the fragmentation of the eastern fringes of Greek Bactrian and Indo-Greek rule in the region upon the incursion of the Parthian Empire ca. 50 B.C. Gandhara was ruled by several Indo-Scythian kings from approximately 50-10 B.C., before the region was absorbed into the Kushan Empire. | http://nomisma.org/id/realm | -50 | -10 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
45 | getae | Getae | The Getae or Gets were several Thracian tribes that once inhabited the regions to either side of the Lower Danube, in what is today northern Bulgaria and southern Romania in the region historically known as Scythia Minor. | http://nomisma.org/id/tribe | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
46 | hagar_kingdom | Hagar | The kingdom of Hagar was situated in northern Arabia, perhaps at the modern ruin known as Dumat al-Jandal. | http://nomisma.org/id/realm | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
47 | hellespontine_phrygia_satrapy | Hellespontine Phrygia | Hellespontine Phrygia (Ancient Greek: Ἑλλησποντιακὴ Φρυγία, romanized: Hellēspontiakē Phrygia) or Lesser Phrygia (Ancient Greek: μικρᾶ Φρυγία, romanized: mikra Phrygia) was a Persian satrapy (province) in northwestern Anatolia, directly southeast of the Hellespont. Its capital was Dascylium, and for most of its existence it was ruled by the hereditary Persian Pharnacid dynasty. Together with Greater Phrygia, it made up the administrative provinces of the wider Phrygia region. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellespontine_Phrygia | http://nomisma.org/id/province | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
48 | heracleia_pontica_city | Heracleia Pontica | Herakleia Pontika | Heraclea Pontica (Greek: Ἡράκλεια Ποντική, romanized: Hērakleia Pontikē), in Byzantine and later times known as Pontoheraclea (Greek: Ποντοηράκλεια, romanized: Pontohērakleia), was an ancient city on the coast of Bithynia in Asia Minor, at the mouth of the river Lycus. It was founded by the Greek city-state of Megara in approximately 560–558 and was named after Heracles whom the Greeks believed entered the underworld at a cave on the adjoining Archerusian promontory (Cape Baba). The site is now the location of the modern city Karadeniz Ereğli, in the Zonguldak Province of Turkey. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heraclea_Pontica | http://nomisma.org/id/city-state | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
49 | hierapolis_bambyce_city | Hierapolis Bambyce | Hieropolis | The city-state of Hierapolis Bambyce in Syria was once a client-city of the Achaemenid Empire before absortion into Alexander's Hellenistic empire. Coins struck at the city before Alexander's conquest record the Aramean name of the city as Mnbg (meaning spring site). | http://nomisma.org/id/city-state | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
50 | himyarite_kingdom | Himyarite Kingdom | The Ḥimyarite Kingdom (fl. 110 BCE–520s CE), historically referred to as the Homerite Kingdom by the Greeks and the Romans, was a kingdom in ancient Yemen. Established in 110 BCE, it took as its capital the ancient city of Zafar, to be followed at the beginning of the 4th century by what is the modern-day city of Sana'a. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himyarite_Kingdom | http://nomisma.org/id/realm | -110 | 525 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
51 | hyrcania_satrapy | Satrapy of Hyrcania | The region served as a satrapy (province) of the Median Empire, a sub-province of the Achaemenid Empire, and a province within its successors, the Seleucid, Arsacid and Sasanian empires. Hyrcania bordered Parthia to the east (later known as Abarshahr), Dihistan to the north, Media to the south and Mardia to the west. After the fall of the Sasanian Empire in 651 AD, Hyrcania was known as Tabaristan. | http://nomisma.org/id/province | -548 | -330 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
52 | idalium_city | Idalium | Idalion | Idalion or Idalium (Greek: Ιδάλιον, Idalion) was an ancient city in Cyprus, in modern Dali, Nicosia District. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idalium | http://nomisma.org/id/city-state | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
53 | illyria_kingdom | Kingdom of Illyria | Illyricum | In classical antiquity, Illyria (Ancient Greek: Ἰλλυρία, Illyría or Ἰλλυρίς, Illyrís; Latin: Illyria, see also: Illyricum) was a region in the western part of the Balkan Peninsula inhabited by numerous tribes of people collectively known as the Illyrians. | http://nomisma.org/id/realm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
54 | indo-greek_kingdom | Indo-Greek Kingdom | The Indo-Greek Kingdom or Graeco-Indian Kingdom was a Hellenistic kingdom spanning modern-day Afghanistan, into the classical circumscriptions of the Punjab of the Indian subcontinent (northern Pakistan and northwestern India), during the last two centuries BC and was ruled by more than thirty kings, often conflicting with one another. The kingdom was founded when the Graeco-Bactrian king Demetrius invaded the subcontinent early in the 2nd century BC. The Greeks in the Indian Subcontinent were eventually divided from the Graeco-Bactrians centered in Bactria (now the border between Afghanistan and Uzbekistan), and the Indo-Greeks in the present-day north-western Indian Subcontinent. The most famous Indo-Greek ruler was Menander (Milinda). He had his capital at Sakala in the Punjab (present-day Sialkot). The kingdom drew to a close ca. AD 10 after the joint reigns of Strato II and Strato III and the rise of the Kushan Empire in India. | http://nomisma.org/id/realm | -180 | 10 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
55 | judaean_kingdom | Kingdom of Judaea | Judea | Judaea | The Kingdom of Judaea was established in 143 B.C. following a revolt against the Seleucid Empire, establishing a reign of two major dynasties in Judaea. By the second century B.C., the kingdom became a tributory state of the Roman Republic, ruling semi-autonomously within the confines of the Roman province of Judaea. The last king of Judaea was Simon bar Kokhba, whose revolt in the province was put down in A.D. 135. | http://nomisma.org/id/realm | -143 | 135 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
56 | kuninda_kingdom | Kuninda Kingdom | Kulinda | The Kingdom of Kuninda (or Kulinda in ancient literature) was an ancient central Himalayan kingdom documented from around the 2nd century BCE to the 3rd century, located in the modern state of Uttarakhand and southern areas of Himachal in northern India. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuninda_Kingdom | http://nomisma.org/id/realm | -200 | 200 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
57 | kushan_empire | Kushan Empire | The Kushan Empire was a syncretic empire, formed by the Yuezhi, in the Bactrian territories in the early 1st century. It spread to encompass much of Afghanistan, and then the northern parts of the Indian subcontinent. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kushan_Empire | http://nomisma.org/id/realm | 30 | 375 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
58 | lacedaemon_city | Lacedaemon | City of Lacedaemon (Sparta) in Laconia. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparta | http://nomisma.org/id/city-state | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
59 | lapethus_city | Lapethus | Lapethos | Lapathos | Lapathus (Phoenician: 𐤋𐤐𐤈, lpṭ; Greek: Λάπαθος, Lápathos), also recorded as Lapethus (Λάπηθος, Lápēthos), Lepethis (Ληπηθίς, Lēpēthís), and Lapithus (Λάπιθος, Lápithos), was an ancient Cypriot town near present-day Lampousa and Karavas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapathus_(Cyprus) | http://nomisma.org/id/city-state | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
60 | lydia_satrapy | Satrapy of Lydia | Lydian satrapy | Satrapy of the Acahemenid Empire in western Asia Minor centred on Sardis | http://nomisma.org/id/province | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
61 | lydian_kingdom | Kingdom of Lydia | An Iron Age kingdom of western Asia Minor located generally east of ancient Ionia in the modern western Turkish provinces of Uşak, Manisa and inland İzmir. Its population spoke an Anatolian language known as Lydian. Its capital was Sardis. | http://nomisma.org/id/realm | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
62 | macedonia_roman_province | Macedonia | The Roman province of Macedonia (Latin: Provincia Macedoniae, Greek: Ἐπαρχία Μακεδονίας) was officially established in 146 BC, after the Roman general Quintus Caecilius Metellus defeated Andriscus of Macedon, the last self-styled King of the ancient kingdom of Macedonia in 148 BC, and after the four client republics (the "tetrarchy") established by Rome in the region were dissolved. The province incorporated the former kingdom of Macedonia with the addition of Epirus, Thessaly, and parts of Illyria, Paeonia and Thrace. This created a much larger administrative area, to which the name of 'Macedonia' was still applied. | http://nomisma.org/id/province | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
63 | macedonian_kingdom | Kingdom of Macedonia | Macedonia or Macedon was an ancient kingdom on the periphery of Archaic and Classical Greece, and later the dominant state of Hellenistic Greece. The kingdom was founded and initially ruled by the royal Argead dynasty, which was followed by the Antipatrid and Antigonid dynasties. | http://nomisma.org/id/realm | -808 | -168 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
64 | magnesia_ad_maeandrum_city | Magnesia on the Maeander | Magnesia or Magnesia on the Maeander (Ancient Greek: Μαγνησία ἡ πρὸς Μαιάνδρῳ or Μαγνησία ἡ ἐπὶ Μαιάνδρῳ; Latin: Magnḗsĭa ad Mæándrum) was an ancient Greek city in Ionia, considerable in size, at an important location commercially and strategically in the triangle of Priene, Ephesus and Tralles. | http://nomisma.org/id/city-state | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
65 | mamertines | Mamertines | Mamertini | The Mamertines (Latin: Mamertini, "sons of Mars", Greek: Μαμερτῖνοι) were mercenaries of Italian origin who had been hired from their home in Campania by Agathocles (361 – 289 BC), Tyrant of Syracuse and self-proclaimed King of Sicily. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamertines | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
66 | marium_city | Marium | Marion | The city of Marium in Cyprus, ruled over the the classical period by a series of kings. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marion,_Cyprus | http://nomisma.org/id/realm | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
67 | masaesyli | Masaesyli | The Masaesyli were a Berber tribe of western Numidia and the main antagonists of the Massylii in eastern Numidia. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masaesyli | http://nomisma.org/id/tribe | -202 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
68 | massylii | Massylii | Maesulians | The Massylii or Maesulians were a Berber federation of tribes in eastern Numidia, which was formed by an amalgamation of smaller tribes during the 4th century BC. They were ruled by a king. On their loosely defined western frontier were the powerful Masaesyli. To their east, lay the territory of the rich and powerful Carthaginian Republic. After the Roman victory in the Second Punic War, the independent kingdoms of the Massylii and Masaesyli were combined into a unified Kingdom of Numidia. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massylii | http://nomisma.org/id/tribe | -202 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
69 | mathura_city | Mathura | Mathura is an ancient city in northern India who had been ruled an independent city-state by the Indo-Scythians after their invasion of the region around 60 B.C. It had previously been under the dominion of Indian kings and the Indo-Greek Kingdom. | http://nomisma.org/id/city-state | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
70 | mauretanian_kingdom | Kingdom of Mauretania | Mauretania | The Kingdom of Mauritania comprised primarily the ethnic Mauri (Moors) in northwest Africa. The kingdom ruled autonomously at least as early at 225 B.C. Mauritania became a client-state of Rome in the second century B.C. and was later annexed in A.D. 44 under Claudius and split into two Roman provinces. | http://nomisma.org/id/realm | -225 | 44 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
71 | mleiha_kingdom | Mleiha | An ancient Eastern Arabian kingdom that existed at the modern city of Mleiha, in the United Arab Emirates. Archaeological remains indicate a fortified compound was founded here by 300 B.C. Macedonian-style coinage unearthed at Ed-Dur dates back to Alexander the Great. Hundreds of coins were found both there and at Mleiha featuring a head of Heracles and a seated Zeus on the obverse, and bearing the name of Abi'el in Aramaic. These coins match moulds found at Mleiha which, together with finds of slag at the site, suggests the existence of a metallurgical centre. | http://nomisma.org/id/realm | -300 | -1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
72 | mylasa_city | Mylasa | Ancient city in Caria. | http://nomisma.org/id/city-state | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
73 | nabataean_kingdom | Nabataean Kingdom | Nabataea | Nabatea | The Nabataean Kingdom (Arabic: المملكة النبطية, romanized: al-Mamlakah an-Nabaṭiyyah), also named Nabatea, was a political state of the Arab Nabataeans during classical antiquity. The Nabataean Kingdom controlled much of the trade routes of the region, amassing large wealth and drawing the envy of its neighbors. It stretched south along the Red Sea coast into the Hejaz, up as far north as Damascus, which it controlled for a short period (85–71 BC). Nabataea remained independent from the 4th century BC until it was annexed in AD 106 by the Roman Empire, which renamed it Arabia Petraea. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabataean_Kingdom | http://nomisma.org/id/realm | -300 | 106 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
74 | numidian_kingdom | Kingdom of Numidia | Numidia (202 BC – 40 BC, Berber: Inumiden) was the ancient kingdom of the Numidians located in what is now Algeria and a smaller part of Tunisia and small part of Libya in the Maghreb. The polity was originally divided between Massylii in the east and Masaesyli in the west. During the Second Punic War (218–201 BC), Masinissa, king of the Massylii, defeated Syphax of the Masaesyli to unify Numidia into one kingdom. | http://nomisma.org/id/realm | -202 | -40 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
75 | odrysian_thracian_kingdom | Kingdom of Odrysian Thrace | The Odrysian Kingdom (Ancient Greek: Βασίλειον Ὀδρυσῶν; Latin: Regnum Odrysium) was a state union of over 40 Thracian tribes and 22 kingdoms that existed between the 5th century BC and the 1st century AD. It consisted mainly of present-day Bulgaria, spreading to parts of Southeastern Romania (Northern Dobruja), parts of Northern Greece and parts of modern-day European Turkey. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odrysian_kingdom | http://nomisma.org/id/realm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
76 | olbia_city | Olbia | Pontic Olbia (Ancient Greek: Ὀλβία Ποντική, Ukrainian: Ольвія) or simply Olbia is an an ancient Greek city on the shore of the Southern Bug estuary (Hypanis or Ὕπανις,) in Ukraine, near village of Parutyne. | http://nomisma.org/id/city-state | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
77 | osroene_kingdom | Kingdom of Osroene | Osroëne | Edessa | Osroene, also spelled Osroëne and Osrhoene and sometimes known by the name of its capital city, Edessa, was a historical kingdom in Upper Mesopotamia, which was ruled by the Abgarid dynasty of Arab origin. Generally allied with the Parthians, the Kingdom of Osroene enjoyed semi-autonomy to complete independence from the years of 132 BC to AD 214. | http://nomisma.org/id/realm | -132 | 214 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
78 | paeonian_kingdom | Kingdom of Paeonia | In antiquity, Paeonia or Paionia (Greek: Παιονία) was the land and kingdom of the Paeonians (Παίονες). The exact original boundaries of Paeonia, like the early history of its inhabitants, are obscure, but it is known that it roughly corresponds to most of present-day North Macedonia and north-central parts of Greek Macedonia (i.e. probably the Greek municipalities of Paionia, Almopia, Sintiki, Irakleia, and Serres), and a small part of south-western Bulgaria. Ancient authors placed it south of Dardania (an area similar to modern-day Kosovo), west of the Thracian mountains, and east of the southernmost Illyrians. It was separated from Dardania by the mountains through which the Vardar river passes from the field of Scupi (modern Skopje) to the valley of Bylazora (near modern Sveti Nikole). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paeonia_(kingdom) | http://nomisma.org/id/realm | -360 | -230 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
79 | paphlagonia_satrapy | Satrapy of Paphlagonia | Satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire in Paphlagonia centred on Sinope. | http://nomisma.org/id/province | -550 | -330 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
80 | paphlagonian_kingdom | Kingdom of Paphlagonia | Following the fall of the Achaemenid Empire, the former satrapy of Paphlagonia was ruled under Alexander and his successors by native kings until the kingdom was eventually absorbed by the Kingdom of Pontus. | http://nomisma.org/id/realm | -306 | http://nomisma.org/id/realm | http://nomisma.org/id/roman_empire | -65 | -6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
81 | paphus_city | Paphos | Paphus | The archaic and classical city of Paphos (Old Paphos), ruled by a succession of kings. | http://nomisma.org/id/realm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
82 | parthia_satrapy | Satrapy of Parthia | The satrapy of Parthia in the Achaemenid, Alexandrine, and Seleucid Empires. | http://nomisma.org/id/province | -550 | -330 | http://nomisma.org/id/province | -323 | -247 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
83 | parthian_empire | Parthian Empire | Parthia | The Parthian Empire (247 BC – 224 AD), also known as the Arsacid Empire, was a major Iranian political and cultural power in ancient Iran. It was formed in the mid-3rd century B.C. when Arsaces I rebelled against the Seleucid Empire. The Parthians were Rome's chief rival in the east for three centuries until the empire's eventual collapse in A.D. 224 when Shapur of Persis revolted and formed a new Sasanian dynasty in the Middle East and Persia. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parthian_Empire | http://nomisma.org/id/empire | -247 | 224 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
84 | pergamene_kingdom | Kingdom of Pergamum | Kingdom of Pergamon | The foundation of the Kingdom of Pergamum was laid when Philetaerus took control of the city in 282 BC. The later Attalids were descended from his father and they expanded the city into a kingdom. Attalus I proclaimed himself King in the 230s BC, following his victories over the Galatians. The Attalids ruled Pergamon until Attalus III bequeathed the kingdom to the Roman Republic in 133 BC | http://nomisma.org/id/realm | -282 | -133 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
85 | pergamum_city | Pergamum | Pergamon | Pergamon (Ancient Greek: τὸ Πέργαμον), or Pergamum, sometimes referred to by the modern Greek form Pergamos (Modern Greek: ἡ Πέργαμος), was a rich and powerful ancient Greek city in Mysia. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pergamon | http://nomisma.org/id/city-state | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
86 | persis_kingdom | Kingdom of Persis | Kingdom centered on Fars in modern Iran, ruled by a series of client, semi-independent rulers under the Seleucid, Parthian and Sasanian dynasties, between the 3rd century BC and the 3rd century AD. | http://nomisma.org/id/realm | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
87 | pherae_city | Pherae | Pherae (Greek: Φεραί) was a city and polis (city-state)[1] in southeastern Ancient Thessaly. One of the oldest Thessalian cities, it was located in the southeast corner of Pelasgiotis. According to Strabo, it was near Lake Boebeïs 90 stadia from Pagasae, its harbor on the Gulf of Pagasae (Geography 9.5). The site is in the modern community of Velestino. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pherae | http://nomisma.org/id/city-state | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
88 | phocis_league | Phocis | Phokis | Phocis was an ancient region in the central part of Ancient Greece, which included Delphi and some 20 other cities. The Phokians issued coins as such, not as individual poleis. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phocis_(ancient_region) | http://nomisma.org/id/league | -356 | -346 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
89 | pontic_kingdom | Kingdom of Pontus | Kingdom of Pontos | The Kingdom of Pontus or Pontic Empire was a state founded by the Persian Mithridatic dynasty, which may have been directly related to Darius the Great and the Achaemenid dynasty. The kingdom was proclaimed by Mithridates I in 281 BCE and lasted until its conquest by the Roman Republic in 63 BCE. It reached its largest extent under Mithridates VI the Great, who conquered Colchis, Cappadocia, Bithynia, the Greek colonies of the Tauric Chersonesos, and for a brief time the Roman province of Asia. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Pontus | http://nomisma.org/id/realm | -281 | -63 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
90 | prusias_ad_mare | Prusias ad Mare | Prusias on the Sea (Latin: Prusias ad Mare) named after king Prusias I of Bithynia, was an ancient Greek city bordering the Propontis (now known as the Sea of Marmara) | http://nomisma.org/id/city-state | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
91 | ptolemaic_cyprus_kingdom | Ptolemaic kingdom of Cyprus | The independent kingdom of Cyprus ruled by Ptolemy, King of Cyprus in the 1st century BC | http://nomisma.org/id/realm | -80 | -58 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
92 | ptolemaic_empire | Ptolemaic Empire | Ptolemaic Kingdom | The Ptolemaic Empire was a Hellenistic kingdom based in Egypt. It was ruled by the Ptolemaic dynasty, which started with Ptolemy I Soter's accession after the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and which ended with the death of Cleopatra VII and the Roman conquest in 30 BC. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemaic_Kingdom | http://nomisma.org/id/empire | -305 | -30 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
93 | qatabanian_kingdom | Kingdom of Qataban | Qatabanian Kingdom | Katabania | Qataban or Katabania was an ancient Yemeni kingdom. Its heartland was located in the Baihan valley. Like some other Southern Arabian kingdoms it gained great wealth from the trade of frankincense and myrrh, incenses which were burned at altars. The capital of Qataban was named Timna and was located on the trade route which passed through the other kingdoms of Hadramaut, Sheba and Ma'in. The chief deity of the Qatabanians was 'Amm, or "Uncle" and the people called themselves the "children of Amm". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qataban | http://nomisma.org/id/realm | -175 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
94 | rhodes_city | Rhodes | The city-state of Rhodes on the island of Rhodes. | http://nomisma.org/id/city-state | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
95 | roman_empire | Roman Empire | The empire ruled by the ancient city of Rome. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Empire | http://nomisma.org/id/empire | -27 | 491 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
96 | salamis_cyprus_city | Salamis | Salamis is an ancient Greek city-state on the east coast of Cyprus. | http://nomisma.org/id/city-state | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
97 | sapaean_thracian_kingdom | Sapaean Thrace | Sapaeans, Sapaei or Sapaioi (Ancient Greek, "Σαπαίοι") were a Thracian tribe close to the Greek city of Abdera. One of their kings was named Abrupolis and had allied himself with the Romans. They ruled Thrace after the Odrysians until its incorporation by the Roman Empire as a province. | http://nomisma.org/id/realm | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
98 | sardis_city | Sardis | Sardes | Sardis or Sardes was an ancient city in Lydia at the location of modern Sart. | http://nomisma.org/id/city-state | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
99 | sasanian_empire | Sasanian Empire | Sassanid Empire | The Sasanian Empire was the last kingdom of the Persian Empire before the rise of Islam. Named after the House of Sasan, it ruled from 224 to 651 AD. The Sasanian Empire succeeded the Parthian Empire and was recognised as one of the leading world powers alongside its neighbouring arch-rival, the Roman-Byzantine Empire for a period of more than 400 years. | http://nomisma.org/id/empire | 224 | 251 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
100 | scythia_kingdom | Scythia Minor | The kingdom of Scythia Minor or Lesser Scythia (Greek: Μικρά Σκυθία, romanized: Mikra Skythia) was in ancient times the region surrounded by the Danube at the north and west and the Black Sea at the east, roughly corresponding to today's Dobruja, with a part in Romania, and a part in Bulgaria. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scythia_Minor | http://nomisma.org/id/realm | 293 | 699 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
101 | seleucid_empire | Seleucid Empire | Seleucid Kingdom | The Seleucid Empire was a Hellenistic state ruled by the Seleucid dynasty, which existed from 312 BC to 63 BC; it was founded by Seleucus I Nicator following the division of the Macedonian empire vastly expanded by Alexander the Great. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seleucid_Empire | http://nomisma.org/id/empire | -312 | -63 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
102 | sidon_city | Sidon | The city-state of Sidon in Phoenicia, once part of a broader kindom, later served as a client-state to the Achaemenids, Seleucids, and was later integrated into the Roman Empire. | http://nomisma.org/id/city-state | -538 | -332 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
103 | soli_cyprus_city | Soli, Cyprus | Soloi, Cyprus | Soli or Soloi (Greek: Σόλοι) is an ancient Greek city in the island of Cyprus, located southwest of Morphou (Guzelyurt), and on the coast in the gulf of Morphou and dates back to about the 6th century BC. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soli,_Cyprus | http://nomisma.org/id/city-state | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
104 | sophene_kingdom | Kingdom of Sophene | The Kingdom of Sophene was an ancient Armenian kingdom. Founded around the 3rd century BC the kingdom maintained independence until around 90 BC when Tigranes the Great conquered the territories as part of his empire. An offshoot of this kingdom was the Kingdom of Commagene, formed when the Seleucids detached Commagene from Sophene. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sophene | http://nomisma.org/id/realm | -260 | -94 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
105 | syracuse_city | Syracuse | The city of Syracuse in Sicily. Home to a number of tyrants in the 5th and 4th centuries BC. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syracuse,_Sicily | http://nomisma.org/id/city-state | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
106 | telmessus_city | Telmessus | Telmessos | Telmessos or Telmessus was the largest city in Lycia, near the Carian border. Telmessus was a member of the Delian League in the 5th century BC. It was taken by Alexander in 334 BC, and subsequently remained semi-independent as a client-state of the Ptolemaic and Seleucid kingdoms until its absorption into a Roman province. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telmessos | http://nomisma.org/id/city-state | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
107 | termera_city | Termera | Termera (Ancient Greek: Τερμερα or τὰ Τέρμερα), also known as Termerum or Termeron (Τερμερον), was a maritime town of ancient Caria on the south coast of the peninsula of Halicarnassus, near Cape Termerium. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termera | http://nomisma.org/id/city-state | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
108 | teuthrania_city | Teuthrania | Teuthrania was a town in the western part of ancient Mysia, and the name of its district about the river Caicus, which was believed to be derived from a legendary Mysian king Teuthras. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teuthrania | http://nomisma.org/id/city-state | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
109 | thrace_kingdom | Thrace | The kingdom based in Thrace, ruled by Lysimachus after the death of Alexander the Great. | http://nomisma.org/id/realm | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
110 | tylis_thrace_kingdom | Tylis | Tylis (Greek: Τύλις) or Tyle was a short-lived Balkan Kingdom mentioned by Polybius that was founded by Celts led by Comontorius in the 3rd century BC. Following their invasion of Thrace and Greece in 279 BC, the Gauls were defeated by the Macedonian king Antigonus II Gonatas in the Battle of Lysimachia in 277 BC, after which they turned inland to Thrace and founded their kingdom at Tylis. It was located near the eastern edge of the Haemus (Balkan) Mountains in what is now eastern Bulgaria. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tylis | http://nomisma.org/id/realm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
111 | uruk_kingdom | Uruk | The kingdom of Uruk in Mesopotamia | http://nomisma.org/id/realm | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
112 | vemaka_tribe | Vemaka | Vamika | The Vemaka were an ancient Indian tribe, located north of the larger tribe of the Kuninda in northern India. Their coinage employs the same characteristics of those of the Indo-Greek king, Apollodotus II. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vemaka | http://nomisma.org/id/tribe | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
113 | yehud_medinata | Yehud Medinata | Yehud | Yehud Medinata (Aramaic for the State of Judah/Jews), or simply Yehud, was an autonomous state of the Persian Achaemenid Empire, roughly equivalent to the older kingdom of Judah but covering a smaller area, within the satrapy of Eber-Nari. It was later incorporated into the Hellenistic provinces of Alexander the Great and his successors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yehud_Medinata | http://nomisma.org/id/realm | -539 | -332 |