ABE
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TOPICSUNDERSTANDINGNOTES
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Category 6A: Sensing the environment
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Sensory Processing (PSY, BIO)strong
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Sensationstrong
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Thresholdstrong
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Weber’s Law (PSY)strong
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Signal detection theory (PSY)strong
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Sensory adaptationstrong
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Psychophysicsstrong
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Sensory receptorsstrong
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Sensory pathwaysstrong
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Types of sensory receptorstrong
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Vision (PSY, BIO)strong
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Structure and function of the eyestrong
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Visual processingstrong
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Visual pathways in the brainstrong
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Parallel processing (PSY)strong
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Feature detection (PSY)strong
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Hearing (PSY, BIO)strong
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Structure and function of the earstrong
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Auditory processing (e.g., auditory pathways in the brain)strong
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Sensory reception by hair cellsstrong
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Other Senses (PSY, BIO)strong
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Somatosensation (e.g., pain perception)strong
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Taste (e.g., taste buds/chemoreceptors that detect specific chemicals)strong
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Smellstrong
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Olfactory cells/chemoreceptors that detect specific chemicalsstrong
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Pheromones (BIO)strong
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Olfactory pathways in the brain (BIO)strong
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Kinesthetic sense (PSY)strong
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Vestibular sensestrong
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Perception (PSY)strong
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Bottom-up/Top-down processingstrong
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Perceptual organization (e.g., depth, form, motion, constancy)strong
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Gestalt principlesstrong
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Category 6Bstrong
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Attention (PSY)strong
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Selective attentionstrong
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Divided attentionstrong
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Cognition (PSY)strong
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Information-processing modelstrong
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Cognitive developmentstrong
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Piaget’s stages of cognitive developmentstrong
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Cognitive changes in late adulthoodstrong
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Role of culture in cognitive developmentstrong
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Influence of heredity and environment on cognitive developmentstrong
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Biological factors that affect cognition (PSY, BIO)strong
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Problem solving and decision makingstrong
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Types of problem solvingstrong
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Barriers to effective problem solvingstrong
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Approaches to problem solvingstrong
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Heuristics and biases (e.g., overconfidence, belief perseverance)strong
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Intellectual functioningstrong
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Theories of intelligencestrong
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Influence of heredity and environment on intelligencestrong
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Variations in intellectual abilitystrong
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Consciousness (PSY)strong
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States of consciousnessstrong
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Alertness (PSY, BIO)strong
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Sleepstrong
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Stages of sleepstrong
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Sleep cycles and changes to sleep cyclesstrong
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Sleep and circadian rhythms (PSY, BIO)strong
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Dreamingstrong
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Sleep–wake disordersstrong
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Hypnosis and meditationstrong
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Consciousness-altering drugsstrong
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Types of consciousness-altering drugs and their effects on the nervous system and behaviorstrong
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Drug addiction and the reward pathway in the brainstrong
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Memory (PSY)strong
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Encodingstrong
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Process of encoding informationstrong
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Processes that aid in encoding memoriesstrong
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Storagestrong
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Types of memory storage (e.g., sensory, working, long-term)strong
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Semantic networks and spreading activationstrong
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Retrievalstrong
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Recall, recognition, and relearningstrong
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Retrieval cuesstrong
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The role of emotion in retrieving memories (PSY, BIO)strong
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Processes that aid retrievalstrong
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Forgettingstrong
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Aging and memorystrong
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Memory dysfunctions (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease, Korsakoff’s syndrome)strong
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Decaystrong
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Interferencestrong
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Memory construction and source monitoringstrong
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Changes in synaptic connections underlie memory and learning (PSY, BIO)strong
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Neural plasticitystrong
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Memory and learningstrong
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Long-term potentiationstrong
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Language (PSY)strong
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Theories of language development (e.g., learning, Nativist, Interactionist)strong
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Influence of language on cognitionstrong
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Brain areas that control language and speech (PSY, BIO)strong
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Content Category 6C: Responding to the worldstrong
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Emotion (PSY)strong
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Three components of emotion (i.e., cognitive, physiological, behavioral)strong
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Universal emotions (i.e., fear, anger, happiness, surprise, joy, disgust, and sadness)strong
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Adaptive role of emotionstrong