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COVID-19 Indoor Infection Risk through Airborne Transmission
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Modified Wells-Riley Model (stochastic modeling using Monte Carlo method)
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(Simplified inputs for steady-state modeling)
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CategoriesParametersValuesUnit systemNotes
Inputs from users
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ReferenceProposedSI Units
No need to change (automatically calculated)
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InputsVirusStrain typeOriginal StrainTransmission factor: 1
Switch unit systems between SI and English units
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RoomTypeClassroomSet building types
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Area125.0125.0m^2The grey cells are reference values for specific building type. The green cells are for manual inputs. If no manual inputs, the reference values will be applied, otherwise, the manual inputs will be used.
Extreme risk
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Height4.04.0m0.4
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Volume500.0500.0m^3
Moderate risk
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OccupantTotal number7070person0.8
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Infector number11person
Low but not-zero risk
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Exposure time88hour27.2775
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Vaccination
Percentage of occupants vaccinated
080%56 occupants vaccinated
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Effectiveness of vaccines93.7%e.g. (Pfizer 2 doses): 93.7%**
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VentilationTotal supply air flow rate2286.02286.0m^3/hourTotal supply flow rate for entire room
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Ventilation rate (fresh air)15.6Baseline
m^3/(hour*person)
Outdoor air ventilation rate for each person
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Outdoor air fraction47.847.8%
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FilterMERV8MERV8Set filter for recirculated air
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In-room devices
Portable air cleaner CADR00
m^3/(hour*person)
None (Need to reselect CADRs when the unit system is changed)
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MaskNoNoSet face masks (cloth)
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OutputsRisk
Infection probability (unvaccinated)
18.985 (6.731)18.985 (6.731)%Mean (SD), for unvaccinated occupants
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Infection probability (vaccinated)
1.196 (0.424)1.196 (0.424)%Mean (SD), for vaccinated occupants
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New infection cases (total)13.1003.138person(s)Total infection cases among unvax & vax
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Overall infection probability18.9854.548%= New infection cases / Susceptible number
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Risk reduction ratio/76.0%Overall infection risk reduction of the proposed case to the reference case
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Other parametersEquivalent air change rate4.294.29/hourEquivalent ACH due to HVAC, air cleaner, particle deposition, and virus inactivation
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Portable air cleaner CADR for entire room00m^3/hourPortable air cleaner CADR for entire room
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* Reference 10, 11
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** Reference 12
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