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1 | CLUSTERS | DESCRIPTION OF CLUSTER BASED ON ISSUES SUBMITTED | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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3 | 1 | Consumer rights and protection | Consumer rights in the digital space cover a wide range of issues. On the one hand, issues such as quality and costs of service (regarding Internet connectivity) affect users’ experience and adequate regulatory frameworks are needed to impose obligations on ISPs in this regard. On the other hand, more attention also needs to be paid to protecting consumers in the context of online services (sales, advertising, etc.). Is more regulation needed to strengthen the enforcement of consumer rights and ensure that Internet companies do not engage in unfair and deceptive practices? What can be done (and by whom) to build consumer awareness (for instance, around practices such as cookies, tracking, and targeted advertising)? Is there a role for AI in achieving better consumer protection? | ||||||||||||||||||||||
4 | 2 | Economic and social inclusion and human rights | The COVID-19 pandemic has shed light on existing and growing inequalities around the world and on the need to achieve greater social and economic inclusion. Inclusion can be defined as full, meaningful participation without discrimination in all aspects of social, political, economic and cultural life. How can we leverage digital technologies to promote more equitable societies that are inclusive, resilient and sustainable? What needs to be done (and by whom) to ensure that the benefits of digital technologies reach everyone? Stakeholders need to work together to design and implement policies and enabling environments that foster the growth of an inclusive digital economy and society, with focus on issues such as digital literacy and digital skills; equal opportunities regardless of gender, race, disability, etc.; adequate protection of workers’ rights; etc.. Access to online education or digital health services should be possible for everyone. At the same time, human rights need to be at the centre of inclusive digital societies: technologies and policies alike need to be designed, used and implemented in a human-centred manner. The protection of privacy rights, freedom of expression and freedom of assembly, gender rights, children’s rights, and rights of journalists in the digital space should remain a priority for all actors. Existing regulatory frameworks need to be adequately implemented, platforms need to be more accountable for their practices, and users need to be more aware of how to uphold their rights. Governments themselves need to be prevented from breaching human rights and implementing forms of digital authoritarianism. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
5 | 3 | Emerging regulation: market structure, content and data | Currently proposed and future attempts to regulate many aspects of the internet range from national and international regulations by governments and IGOs to private sector self-regulation to co-regulation. Three key areas stand out. First, there are ongoing pushes from regulators and legislators around the world to address anticompetitive practices and monopolistic behaviour by large tech companies and ensure a more level-playing field on the market (as a way to encourage innovation and market-entry from small players, for instance). Preventing excessive market centralisation is also a matter of concern. Second, questions are raised as to whether new regulations are needed to clarify the liability of Internet intermediaries with regard to the content they host, as well as their role and responsibilities in tackling issues such as online misinformation/disinformation and the spread of violent content and hate speech. Related to this is the matter of whether and to what extent Internet platforms should be allowed to ‘regulate’ freedom of expression online through their content curation/moderation policies. In some countries media policy is being used as an approach to the regulation of online content. What are the implications of this? Third, discussions continue on how data governance frameworks could enable the responsible and trustworthy use of personal and non-personal data. The issue of cross-border data flows remains high on the international agenda, as countries have different approaches towards the extent and the conditions under which they enable data transfers. And questions are being asked regarding the opportunity of developing unified data governance frameworks at the international level. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
6 | 4 | Environmental sustainability and climate change | Mitigating climate change and ensuring environmental sustainability are among the world’s most pressing issues. The Internet and other digital technologies have a dual role: they can pose challenges to the environment (for instance, through e-waste and energy consumption), but they can also be leveraged to advance environmental sustainability. Policies and actions are therefore needed to green the Internet and foster the use of technologies such as AI and big data to address environmental challenges. Examples include improving the circular economy around digital devices, extending the lifetime of software and devices, reducing the energy use associated with the Internet, and promoting technologies that help reduce carbon emissions and energy consumptions. Also important is to develop and put in practice adequate governance frameworks that enable the sharing and re-use of environmental data. At the same time, more focus needs to be placed on promoting environmental education and building awareness on environmental sustainability within Internet governance and digital policy spaces. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
7 | 5 | Inclusive IG ecosystems and digital cooperation | Consolidating collaborative and inclusive Internet governance is increasingly challenging. In recent years a growing array of countries have invoked the need for 'digital sovereignty' in order to justify strongly state-based and nationalistic policy frameworks regarding e.g. digital industrial policies, forced data localization, and comprehensive security measures in order to reduce international interdependencies and increase their autonomy and control. While some actors celebrate these measures as a necessary corrective to Internet-based globalization, others have raised concerns that they are in tension with the long-standing objectives like Internet freedom and openness, cross-border e-commerce, and human rights. In consequence, the precise nature, scope, and modalities of 'digital sovereignty' have become pressing topics in a wide variety of contexts, Nevertheless, there has not been any organized and fully inclusive global debate about the reasons for and manifold consequences of digital sovereignty initiatives. The IGF could be well placed to foster such a dialogue. There is also need for further engagement on the evolution of the IGF itself as a widely distributed and inclusive platform for deliberating on inclusive Internet governance processes and ecosystems. What opportunities are provided by the current focus on digital cooperation resulting from the UN SG's Roadmap? Further questions to address touch on how the technical governance of the protocols and procedures that underpin an interconnected Internet relate to the ongoing internet public policy discourses, and, what the future of multistakeholder Internet governance is and who will shape it. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
8 | 6 | Trust, security and stability | The borderless nature of the Internet, the digital economy, increased cyber-physical interdependency through IoT, and increased use of the Internet in processes such as elections and in the response to global crises such as the pandemic paints a complex policy, legal and operational picture for cybersecurity and stability. Almost all sectors utilize ICT and rely on the Internet for everything from the simplest to the most strategic tasks. Global supply chains are increasingly interconnected, and the ICT systems along those supply chains have both internal and external devices meant to facilitate business operations. Neither the public nor the private sector can combat these borderless threats on their own. The technical community and civil society are key partners. As stakeholders seek to find meaningful ways to mitigate cybersecurity concerns, collaboration is required in order to build awareness of vulnerabilities and incidents and to increase resilience against these complex, borderless cyber threats. Measure to achieve secure and stable Internet which can be used with trust by users, also needs to consider combatting online gender-based violence, cyberbullying, and misinformation. Discussions should cover norms, voluntary standards, guidelines, best practices and capacity-building to manage cybersecurity-related risk and collaboration between countries, institutions and stakeholder groups. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
9 | 7 | Universal access and meaningful connectivity | Ensuring that all people everywhere have meaningful and sustainable access to the Internet is a priority in a pandemic and post-pandemic context. Evidence is clear that access to connectivity is not sufficient on its own. The IGF should reflect on connectivity in a more human-centric and holistic way that takes a broader digital equity perspective. This would mean going beyond technical parameters and articulating a definition of connectivity that combines access (availability of affordable connectivity and devices), adoption (digital skills and readiness) and content and applications (e.g. education, healthcare, economic development, health, agriculture) and equity (e.g. gender, race, language, disability, geographic location). These factors all impact on whether access has the desired social and economic impacts to contribute to the achievement of the SDGs, and to make felt differences in people's lives. There is a need to discuss and share creative approaches to policy, regulation, financing, partnerships and business models that can help achieve this. Examples include community networks, use of universal service/access funds in financing access, decentralised approaches to infrastructure development, and use of emerging technologies and sustainable energy solutions. The IGF should also examine why many of these policy solutions, which are already known and proven to be effective, are not being widely implemented. It is also an important space for talking about partnerships and developing the capacity of regulators and different types of service providers to build universal and meaningful access and how different sectors and stakeholder groups can work together to create policy environments to advance ubiquitous and affordable Internet access while incentivizing the existence and extent of local language content, and locally relevant content. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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11 | Nr crt | Edited version of issues proposed by the community | Issue clusters | ||||||||||||||||||||||
12 | 137 | Keeping the Internet up and running in times of crisis. Ex. Covid-19, Performance, quality of services, speed, traffic. | Consumer protection and rights | ||||||||||||||||||||||
13 | 164 | Protection of consumers against the excessive acquisition and use of their data. | Consumer rights | ||||||||||||||||||||||
14 | 164 | Protecting consumers in online sales and advertising: For example, against false advertising e.g. online publishing of fake positive customer reviews of products; unfair clauses in agreements. Is there a role for AI? Is there a need for more regulation? | Consumer rights | ||||||||||||||||||||||
15 | 229 | Consumer protection: How to counter "dark patterns", methods of designing web interfaces that manipulate user behaviour and choices. How to address the blurred border line between what is legal, and what breaches regulations, for example: default settings of user TORs which disempower the user and allows activity tracking. Another example is getting AI generated responses when you are booking accommodation that "3 other users are checking this hotel" as way of pressuring the user into making a booking". A further example is how ecommerce sites save credit card details and making it difficult for users to leave a 'paid' service. | Consumer rights and protection | ||||||||||||||||||||||
16 | Building consumer awareness. How to respond to the disproportionate knowledge gap between consumers and the internet based businesses (especially internet platform) they use, with regard to for example: movement tracing, cookies (where the user was before entering the website), laser targeted advertising (what’s the basis for targeting), algorithms etc. | Consumer rights and protection | |||||||||||||||||||||||
17 | Consumer protection: Accountability and remedy for the abuse of consumer rights, particularly when different business entities collaborative in the background through programmatic advertising, direct billing by companies for services other than telecommunications through mobile phone billing systems, automated billing for premium services, and schemes that can trap users such as special offers (e.g. free VOD streaming for 6 months) etc.. | Consumer rights and protection | |||||||||||||||||||||||
18 | Consumer rights issues that affect mobile internet users. Examples include: Poor quality of service resulting from bandwidth oversubscription by operators; high cost of services such as mobile money transfers; having to pay for termination of services; taxation of users for use of services such as messaging and social media. | Consumer rights and protection | |||||||||||||||||||||||
19 | 173 | Applying a human rights-based approach to internet governance to address the human rights implications of increasing digitisation | Eco. and soc inclusion and rights | ||||||||||||||||||||||
20 | Protection of journalists in the digital realm with a multistakeholder approach. | Eco. and soc inclusion and rights | |||||||||||||||||||||||
21 | Digital Economy Opportunities and Digital Business Environment: The epidemic has promoted the vigorous development of the digital economy and promoted the interactive integration of the real economy and the digital economy. We should focus on the new momentum of the digital economy and the digital transformation and intelligent upgrading of traditional industries, as well as study the effects of new technologies and applications such as artificial intelligence, 5G, and the industrial Internet on the digital economy. Besides, we should also exchange ideas on issues like how to create a fair and just business environment in the digital market, how to protect Intellectual property and technical secrets of enterprises, and how to establish digital service standards and promote supervision. | Eco. and soc inclusion and rights | |||||||||||||||||||||||
22 | 95 | Open data and governance: Democracy, economic development, data rights, privacy, cybersecurity. | Eco. and soc. inclusion and rights | ||||||||||||||||||||||
23 | 192 | How can people further protect their privacy rights in the era of big data? In the era of big data, people's preferences and needs can be inferred through data collection and analysis. Such a phenomenon infringes the legitimate rights and interests of users. Is there a relatively complete rights protection mechanism for infringements? | Eco. and soc. inclusion and rights | ||||||||||||||||||||||
24 | 194 | Loneliness in the digital world: In recent years a substantial proportion of people facing a problem of loneliness has been noted, which results from, among others, growing popularization of the Internet-based solutions and digital technologies. Social media, instant messaging services, chatbots, various applications, virtual assistants or robots, increasingly often replace a direct contact with a man as well as they weaken the depth of interpersonal relationships. While using them, we build a parallel, mirror-image world moving our activities, including contacts with humans to the digital world. The ongoing pandemic has undoubtedly been intensifying this phenomenon causing that the loneliness economy becomes a new, increasingly important trend in a social and business dimension. It also reinforces the development of new services which aim to meet a need for interpersonal relationships such as Rent a friend website, applications based on artificial intelligence that conduct conversations in a natural language, or personalized social soft-robots. However, humanization of technology involves a wide range of new challenges connected with digital ethics in the Internet space. | Eco. and soc. inclusion and rights | ||||||||||||||||||||||
25 | 202 | Censorship and platform accountability related to gender issues | Eco. and soc. inclusion and rights | ||||||||||||||||||||||
26 | 163 | AI - relevance for media and journalism and ethics (including AI and unconscious bias) | Eco. and social inclusion | ||||||||||||||||||||||
27 | 49 | Internet governance responses to online harassment and gender-based violence (GBV) | Eco. and social inclusion and rights | ||||||||||||||||||||||
28 | Digital inclusion and human rights: Racial profiling under COVID-19 | Eco. and social inclusion and rights | |||||||||||||||||||||||
29 | Internet governance: Building a framework through which both public and private institutions can look at AI and it's adoption and providing checks and balances that would protect human rights and equitable economic benefits | Eco. and social inclusion and rights | |||||||||||||||||||||||
30 | 55 | Protecting the rights to freedom of thought and freedom of opinion in the digital age. | Eco. and social inclusion and rights | ||||||||||||||||||||||
31 | 57 | Making Internet governance aware of gender, mental health and children's rights | Eco. and social inclusion and rights | ||||||||||||||||||||||
32 | 59 | Digital inclusion through capacity building in online job creation. | Eco. and social inclusion and rights | ||||||||||||||||||||||
33 | 66 | Business and human rights: what is the status of awareness and implementation in the internet sector? | Eco. and social inclusion and rights | ||||||||||||||||||||||
34 | 70 | Internet governance and gender awareness: The construction of gender in communication media: women as creators of content and women as public figures in the audiovisual space. | Eco. and social inclusion and rights | ||||||||||||||||||||||
35 | 75 | Legal Frameworks for prioritizing digital rights at regional level (e.g. in South East Asia) | Eco. and social inclusion and rights | ||||||||||||||||||||||
36 | 77 | Digital literacy amid Covid-19 and potential future pandemics and better understanding of user experiences of online learning. | Eco. and social inclusion and rights | ||||||||||||||||||||||
37 | 77 | Understanding and bridging the gender gap in digital literacy | Eco. and social inclusion and rights | ||||||||||||||||||||||
38 | Policy and innovation for fair and effective models of "telework" | Eco. and social inclusion and rights | |||||||||||||||||||||||
39 | 84 | Network neutrality, including search neutrality, as a means of prevent censorship of any kind on the Internet. | Eco. and social inclusion and rights | ||||||||||||||||||||||
40 | 108 | Consolidating human rights due diligence in the ICT sector | Eco. and social inclusion and rights | ||||||||||||||||||||||
41 | 110 | Protecting women's rights on the Internet | Eco. and social inclusion and rights | ||||||||||||||||||||||
42 | 117 | Gender equality in media - coverage of women. Can artificial intelligence be used monitor to support gender equality in online content? | Eco. and social inclusion and rights | ||||||||||||||||||||||
43 | 147 | Impact of large internet platforms on the freedom of information and freedom of expression online. | Eco. and social inclusion and rights | ||||||||||||||||||||||
44 | 148 | General Comment on children’s rights in relation to the digital environment and considerations for internet governance of children's rights in the context of home-schooling and online learning. | Eco. and social inclusion and rights | ||||||||||||||||||||||
45 | 155 | How the uneven process of vaccination in the global population affects Internet use and development? Due to COVID-19 pandemic, all countries in the world are looking somehow for the vaccine. However, considering cultural, social and economic differences between countries, the vaccination process will not be homogeneous or simultaneous. How does this reality, combined with the intensified use of the Internet during the pandemic, unfolds in the coming years in terms of security, privacy, inclusion, sustainability, among other issues? | Eco. and social inclusion and rights | ||||||||||||||||||||||
46 | 158 | Digital inclusion and meaningful access: How can user-centered design improve governmental e-services? | Eco. and social inclusion and rights | ||||||||||||||||||||||
47 | 161 | How can digital solutions improve a citizen-oriented public service delivery? How can they be designed in a human-centered and inclusive way and ensure that no one is left behind? | Eco. and social inclusion and rights | ||||||||||||||||||||||
48 | Connected healthcare challenges & opportunities | Economic and soc. inclusion | |||||||||||||||||||||||
49 | 224 | Human rights-based approaches to Internet architecture, policy, and governance in a post-pandemic context. | Economic and soc. inclusion | ||||||||||||||||||||||
50 | 226 | Digital and social and economic inclusion: As the world works to recover from the damage the pandemic has inflicted in almost every aspect of life stock must be taken of the many inequalities that the pandemic has laid bare and exacerbated. The goal should be to promote more equitable societies that are inclusive, resilient, and sustainable. Countries can approach this historic challenge by framing their recovery through the lens of digital inclusion. Inclusion can be broadly defined as full, meaningful participation without discrimination in all aspects of social, political, economic, and cultural life. Greater inclusion is a progressive and aspirational public policy goal that involves overcoming intersecting forms of exclusion while enabling public participation. Achieving inclusion in the twenty-first century and in a post-COVID world requires digital inclusion in all spheres of life; a term loosely defined as the ability of individuals and groups to access and use information and communications technologies, with a focus on the intangible elements of connectivity, civic participation, trust, privacy and safety. Digital inclusion also provides a human rights-based framework to address internet governance issues such as disinformation, online hate speech, and content moderation, including their disproportionate impact on already vulnerable and marginalized communities. As a powerful convenor of different stakeholders from around the world, IGF 2021 could serve to promote the principle and practice of digital inclusion by exploring the many pillars necessary to achieve digital inclusion; highlight coordinated actions that must be taken by governments, the private sector, and civil society; and foster accountability by encouraging these stakeholders to commit to concrete steps. IGF 2021 could build on the ongoing digital inclusion work occurring at several international forums this year, including the UN High Level Panel on Digital Cooperation’s Roundtable 1C and the Freedom Online Coalition’s Taskforce on Digital Equality. | Economic and soc. inclusion | ||||||||||||||||||||||
51 | Internet governance and human rights, the rule of law and democracy. Understanding and pushing back against digital authoritarianism: When developed and used in full respect of human rights, emerging technologies including AI can complement human endeavours across fields such as healthcare and environmental science to improve people’s lives and support the UN Sustainable Development Goals. However, media, civil society, and human rights defenders have documented the ongoing use of technologies such as AI systems for repressive and authoritarian purposes. Two of the most concerning applications of AI systems include remote biometric identification (RBI) such as facial recognition technology, and automated content moderation, which can enable and scale systemic human rights violations and abuses against communities that already face multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination. The international community must push back against these and other manifestations of digital authoritarianism, as the world increasingly embeds technology across all spheres of life – a shift only accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic. As a powerful convenor of different stakeholders from around the world, IGF 2021 could push back against the practice of digital authoritarianism in all its forms; reassert that human rights, democracy, and rule of law are more relevant now than ever in the online space; and foster accountability by encouraging stakeholders from governments, the private sector and civil society to commit to concrete steps to embed human rights online. | Economic and soc. inclusion | |||||||||||||||||||||||
52 | Inclusive internet governance: The response of Internet Governance (IG) to racial justice and inclusion | Economic and soc. inclusion and rights | |||||||||||||||||||||||
53 | Inclusion of older people: Empowering senior citizens and people with disability to benefit from and make use of internet access, including to access public services - especially in developing and least developed countries. | Economic and soc. inclusion and rights | |||||||||||||||||||||||
54 | Promoting social and economic recovery post-COVID powered by the Internet | Economic and soc. inclusion and rights | |||||||||||||||||||||||
55 | 27 | The rights to use the internet of gender diverse individuals, LGBTQIA communities, sex workers, and body positivity advocates: Unequal social media moderation of nudity and sexuality is negatively affecting the lives and livelihoods of users who currently need a platform the most. Particularly during a global pandemic that is forcing large portions of sex workers, sex and body positivity advocates, artists, performers, sex educators, the LGBTQIA+ community and others online, these communities feel unwelcome on and are at risk of being deplatformed by social networking platforms. In the aftermath of FOSTA/SESTA, and with the threats of the EARN IT act and of SISEA, social media seem to be using nudity and sexuality as a scapegoat to adopt lazy content governance policies that lack nuance or understanding of subcultures, and that do not make platforms any safer. Because of this, moderation of nudity and sexuality has the potential to affect and/or change social media governance, and the roles and responsibilities of social media platforms in our society. | Economic and soc. inclusion and rights | ||||||||||||||||||||||
56 | 30 | Digital inclusion of people with disabilities. | Economic and soc. inclusion and rights | ||||||||||||||||||||||
57 | 35 | Digital inclusion: Equity in online education. Challenges and opportunities, access and affordability. | Economic and soc. inclusion and rights | ||||||||||||||||||||||
58 | 41 | Internet governance in the context of the agricultural sector: Policy implications for Artificial Intelligence, innovation in advisory services and technological improvements to enhance production and productivity. | Economic and soc. inclusion and rights | ||||||||||||||||||||||
59 | 213 | Safeguarding, interpretation and harnessing of UN children's rights in relation to media education in families, educational institutions and social institutions on the one hand, and sharing opportunities for children and young people in digital media, digital offerings and digital developments in balance to their protection and support interests on the other. | Economic and soc. inclusion and rights | ||||||||||||||||||||||
60 | 52 | Digital rights and freedoms and personal data protection: Internet architecture and new emerging IT standards including certification processes and user identification and authentication | Economic and social inclusion and human rights | ||||||||||||||||||||||
61 | 63 | Data Governance and the idea of "Common Data Spaces" | Economic and social inclusion and human rights | ||||||||||||||||||||||
62 | 80 | Managing personal data: operational models and lessons learned from the COVID19 pandemic | Economic and social inclusion and human rights | ||||||||||||||||||||||
63 | 134 | An acute issue of privacy and citizens’ personal data protection strongly becomes “a red flag” due to vigorous growth of AI technologies. As every personality has the right to inviolability of private life and the right to respect for honor and dignity, we find it enough crucial to understand a permissible limit between the ensuring world security by implementing AI into defense policies and violation of human rights. | Economic and social inclusion and human rights | ||||||||||||||||||||||
64 | 138 | Responsible use of data: how do we benefit from the full use value of data, while addressing risks around privacy, security, bias, inclusion/exclusion, accountability etc.. This will be a good follow up on the upcoming world development report 2021, 'Data for Better Lives' which will call for international, multi-stakeholder alliance building to ensure safe and efficient sharing of data. | Economic and social inclusion and human rights | ||||||||||||||||||||||
65 | 139 | Data privacy (e.g., GDPR) and its effects on internet governance, e.g., ICANN, law enforcement, and commerce (including consumer protection and intellectual property). | Economic and social inclusion and human rights | ||||||||||||||||||||||
66 | Resolving the dilemma between the right to education and the right to privacy of children during the Corona crisis, for example in Germany | Economic and social inclusion and human rights | |||||||||||||||||||||||
67 | The threat to human rights online posed by the surveillance economy. | Economic and social inclusion and human rights | |||||||||||||||||||||||
68 | Tracking applications, Covid19, Digital Rights and Impacts on Communities in Africa: With the onset of the Covid19 pandemic, nations, often preceded by major technological platforms, have undertaken to implement all medical and technological means in the hope of stopping the pandemic, which however continues in earnest in the world. Among the technological tools used, Covid19 tracking applications have emerged and raised many social, ethical and legal questions. The IGF can provide an opportunity for experts to provide all participants with the keys to understand different technologies used, answers to the concerns and worries of citizens and communities, regarding the use of these technologies, that have often been adopted by countries without clear regulations. This could include lookin at: - Types of Covid19 contact tracing technologies - State of legislation on tracing technologies - The preservation of citizens ' rights - Adoption of contact tracing tools by citizens and communities | Economic and social inclusion and human rights | |||||||||||||||||||||||
69 | 227 | Data sovereignty and digital identity | Economic and social inclusion and human rights | ||||||||||||||||||||||
70 | 228 | Data protection: What can we learn from 40 years of the Convention for the Protection of Individuals with regard to Automatic Processing of Personal Data (Convention 108) and its prospect for the future. | Economic and social inclusion and human rights | ||||||||||||||||||||||
71 | 124 | Issues of privacy and data protection in internet. The privacy implications of the current Internet represent a significant and growing concern. Policy makers and legislators should aim to ensure that users are better informed about the benefits of good online privacy, so that they can make better privacy choices and make use of appropriate privacy-enhancing tools online. Technology and policy supporting privacy standards should be openly developed, transparent and user-centric. In many countries, privacy rules exist and remain important to help protect people’s information and human rights, but they are not adapted to suit the challenges of today’s connected world. | Economic and social inclusion and human rights | ||||||||||||||||||||||
72 | 20 | Digital inclusion and linguistic diversity: Universal acceptance as a source of equal support for all domain names (IDN ccTLDs, IDN gTLDs and other new gTLDs) and especially internationalized mailbox names in all applications, systems and on websites. Better support is a way for wider usage of such internationalized internet identifiers and better user experience which leads to higher inclusiveness of the Internet. | Economic and social inclusion and human rights | ||||||||||||||||||||||
73 | 68 | Data and AI governance in the context of smart cities | Emerging regulation | ||||||||||||||||||||||
74 | 122 | Cross-border data transfers: Enabling trusted cross-border data flows. Our future is unquestionably digital, and data is at its core. To take only one example, digital trade based on global data flows, is an indispensable catalyst of global economic growth, and during the COVID-19 crisis has quickly become a lifeline to keep the economy moving. Allowing these flows to continue is essential to the efficient functioning of our increasingly interconnected economies and societies. Trust is the single most important element that safeguards this interconnectedness. Conversations in this topic could include data protection and privacy, data access and sharing, data localization, data governance etc. | Emerging regulation | ||||||||||||||||||||||
75 | 145 | Data policy frameworks: The uses and sharing of, and collaboration on, data, both personal and non-personal, is a powerful driver of inclusive economic growth, but must be done in responsible and trustworthy ways that respect human rights and are in accordance with the rule of law. Privacy is a fundamental human right and a foundation for trust, which is essential in any digital infrastructure. There are a number of important elements of data policy which we think would benefit from dialogue and deliberation at IGF 2021: - How can coherent data-sharing frameworks be designed to enable responsible sharing of all types of data - personal and non-personal – and to facilitate global data collaborations? - What are the benefits of cross-border data flow? What are barriers to trust that must be addressed to enable more cross-border data flow? How can data policy frameworks be made globally interoperable to facilitate cross-border data flow so that personal data can be exchanged and used in a trusted manner? - Data-portability measures can both empower users and facilitate data sharing, but how should they be developed in ways that do not require the sharing of proprietary data; do not adversely impact intellectual-property rights; and do not deter investment in data infrastructures that might lead to new innovation? | Emerging regulation | ||||||||||||||||||||||
76 | 168 | Moving from a platform to a protocol-based data economy - How can we operationalise new data governance models/frameworks (such as data trusts and data commons) to decentralise power in the digital economy, focusing especially on new governance models that redistribute power by design, rather than incentivise the creation of ever larger, siloed data lakes and further vertical integration. | Emerging regulation | ||||||||||||||||||||||
77 | 187 | The lack of reliable and unified data governance rules is a problem in international cyberspace governance. The existing regulatory system and cross-border data flow rules in cyberspace are chaotic, and severe cybercrimes are widespread. Therefore, it is necessary for countries to establish a complete set of international rules for data governance, in order to safeguard their national interests and citizens’ safety. We would suggest that IGF, as an authoritative platform for international Internet governance, can consider adding "data governance" to the theme of 2021 IGF annual meeting, and establish a separate "data governance forum" to conduct in-depth discussions on the establishment of international data governance rules and promote the production of outcome documents. | Emerging regulation | ||||||||||||||||||||||
78 | The potential advantages and disadvantages of using artificial Intelligence in social media content management. | Emerging regulation | |||||||||||||||||||||||
79 | 22 | Countering disinformation on the Internet, for example in the following areas: food security/insecurity, efficacy of masks and vaccines in the context of the pandemic. What role for scientists and for journalists? Is content regulation an appropriate response? Is digital literacy and information literacy a priority? | Emerging regulation | ||||||||||||||||||||||
80 | 38 | The potential advantages and disadvantages of using artificial Intelligence in social media content management. | Emerging regulation | ||||||||||||||||||||||
81 | Content moderation and digital rights: Challenging the use of the Internet to instigate or perpetuate violence and atrocities while maintaining a free and open Internet and freedom of expression | Emerging regulation | |||||||||||||||||||||||
82 | 50 | Content moderation and business models: The weaponization of news content online | Emerging regulation | ||||||||||||||||||||||
83 | 61 | Online speech regulation by platforms, sovereign government, user-communities, and multi-stakeholder-processes. | Emerging regulation | ||||||||||||||||||||||
84 | How does policy and regulation respond to commercial digital platforms effectively functioning as public infrastructure? We need multistakeholder dialogue on proposals such as: self-regulation; the nationalization of Big Tech; and more. | Emerging regulation | |||||||||||||||||||||||
85 | 92 | Digital rights and inclusion: Human rights-based frameworks for platform regulation. What are the implications for online freedom of expression. . | Emerging regulation | ||||||||||||||||||||||
86 | 108 | Ensuring transparency in internet governance by corporations and governance. | Emerging regulation | ||||||||||||||||||||||
87 | 131 | How to do away with the "unicorn" mentality? Many of our government leaders seem to be looking for ways to "win the race" to develop giant Internet companies. However we need to question whether giant is good for the public interest. It raises questions of monopoly, lack of innovation, privacy etc. What solutions in terms of governance, business models, network architecture, data portability, can we find, to build a more decentralized ecosystem going forward? | Emerging regulation | ||||||||||||||||||||||
88 | 141 | To provide IGF generated recommendations on the way forward between two extremes: social media self-regulation of free speech vs. regulation of free speech by way of the judicial system. | Emerging regulation | ||||||||||||||||||||||
89 | 151 | Global governance mechanism for the regulation of Social Media Platforms | Emerging regulation | ||||||||||||||||||||||
90 | 155 | Internet and democracy: platforms power above national governments? The January 2021 episode, in which Twitter blocked the official profile of the United States’ president, Donald Trump, makes it necessary to discuss how the power of these different spheres collide. | Emerging regulation | ||||||||||||||||||||||
91 | 156 | Internet centralization: how to prevent a few giant global companies from running most of the services and holding most of the data; restoring competition through regulation (e.g. the European DSA/DMA efforts) and through open source, open standards and interoperability. | Emerging regulation | ||||||||||||||||||||||
92 | 164 | How to regulate the market position of the large internet platforms. | Emerging regulation | ||||||||||||||||||||||
93 | 165 | Rebalancing the power dynamic between nation states, internet communities and technology companies: Technology companies hold significant power over the future of the internet, and unilateral regulation by nation states may lead to a less free, more friction internet for users. But the internet has also created a global community that does not fit neatly into 20th century geopolitical structures. We need a new approach to internet governance -- more than any one forum -- that rebalances this power dynamic and protects the future web. | Emerging regulation | ||||||||||||||||||||||
94 | The many facets of online content moderation: Reporting mechanisms; geopolitical aspects; surveillance; freedom from censorship. | Emerging regulation | |||||||||||||||||||||||
95 | Government regulation of online spaces: a necessary intervention of a threat to human rights and innovation? | Emerging regulation | |||||||||||||||||||||||
96 | 184 | Intellectual property and freedom of expression (DMCA, etc. | Emerging regulation | ||||||||||||||||||||||
97 | 185 | Platform governance and regulation: What are the different types of platforms? Do they all need the same solutions in terms of accountability? What is the status of Internet Intermediary Liability in the context of an increase in the type and number of these platforms? | Emerging regulation | ||||||||||||||||||||||
98 | 198 | Governance of behaviors of big tech and media. A number of recent events have highlighted governance areas needed to be addressed in relation to behaviors of big tech and media. For example, address big tech monopolistic behaviors towards smaller players in the marketplace and working towards a transparent, fair and balanced way of dealing with misinformation and disinformation on a massive scale in all forms of media (for example, social media, news media, etc.). | Emerging regulation | ||||||||||||||||||||||
99 | 218 | Internet governance and the centralisation of end-user applications: The governance of the Internet stack can be undermined by the applications that people use on top of it. Much end-user software, such as social media apps, has adopted centralised platform architecture, resulting in an oligopoly of enormous proprietary platforms. In these user-facing layers, like in those below it, communication should be based on protocols, instead of relying on singular centralised platforms. At IGF, we need to talk about implementing and enforcing the ideals of open and standards-based Internet in the higher levels of the OSI model. | Emerging regulation | ||||||||||||||||||||||
100 | Centralisation by app stores, device neutrality As the French telecom regulator ARCEP has pointed out <https://en.arcep.fr/uploads/tx_gspublication/rapport-terminaux-fev2018-ENG.pdf>, freedoms that may be guaranteed at the network level can be hampered by limitations in users’ devices. In mobile and embedded computers, users tend to be less and less in control of their devices and the software it runs. Receiving applications via a central software repository is the new modus operandi in software distribution, with one hard-coded ‘app store’ per operating system or device. This reality compels us to consider free choice of applications, or ‘device neutrality’, to ensure the end users’ enjoyment of the freedoms of the Internet. | Emerging regulation |