https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/scripting-smart-contracts-for-distributed-ledger-technology/

https://cardano.vn/files/Scripting_smart_contracts_for_distributed_ledger_technology.pdf

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/a-proposal-for-an-ethereum-classic-treasury-system/

https://cardano.vn/files/A_proposal_for_an_Ethereum_Classic_treasury_system.pdf

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/an-ontology-for-smart-contracts/

Improving Authenticated Dynamic Dictionaries, with Applications to Cryptocurrencies

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/improving-authenticated-dynamic-dictionaries-with-applications-to-cryptocurrencies/

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/scrape-scalable-randomness-attested-by-public-entities/

Ouroboros: A Provably Secure Proof-of-Stake Blockchain Protocol

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/ouroboros-a-provably-secure-proof-of-stake-blockchain-protocol/

The Bitcoin Backbone Protocol with Chains of Variable Difficulty

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/the-bitcoin-backbone-protocol-with-chains-of-variable-difficulty/

Towards a Smart Contract-based, Decentralized, Public-Key Infrastructure

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/towards-a-smart-contract-based-decentralized-public-key-infrastructure/

Kaleidoscope: An Efficient Poker Protocol with Payment Distribution and Penalty Enforcement

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/kaleidoscope-an-efficient-poker-protocol-with-payment-distribution-and-penalty-enforcement/

But Why Does It Work? A Rational Protocol Design Treatment of Bitcoin

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/but-why-does-it-work-a-rational-protocol-design-treatment-of-bitcoin/

Chimeric Ledgers: Translating and Unifying UTXO-based and Account-based Cryptocurrencies

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/chimeric-ledgers-translating-and-unifying-utxo-based-and-account-based-cryptocurrencies/

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/memory-lower-bounds-of-reductions-revisited/

Ouroboros Praos: An adaptively-secure, semi-synchronous proof-of-stake protocol

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/ouroboros-praos-an-adaptively-secure-semi-synchronous-proof-of-stake-protocol/

MARS: Monetized Ad-hoc Routing System (A Position Paper)

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/mars-monetized-ad-hoc-routing-system-a-position-paper/

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/multi-mode-cryptocurrency-systems/

Number of Confirmation Blocks for Bitcoin and GHOST Consensus Protocols on Networks with Delayed Message Delivery: Extended Abstract

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/number-of-confirmation-blocks-for-bitcoin-and-ghost-consensus-protocols-on-networks-with-delayed-message-delivery-extended-abstract/

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/stake-bleeding-attacks-on-proof-of-stake-blockchains/

TwinsCoin: A Cryptocurrency via Proof-of-Work and Proof-of-Stake

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/twinscoin-a-cryptocurrency-via-proof-of-work-and-proof-of-stake/

21 - Bringing Down the Complexity: Fast Composable Protocols for Card Games Without Secret State

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/21-bringing-down-the-complexity-fast-composable-protocols-for-card-games-without-secret-state/

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/formal-specification-for-a-cardano-wallet/

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/ghosts-of-departed-proofs-functional-pearls/

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/self-reproducing-coins-as-universal-turing-machine/

Ouroboros Genesis: Composable Proof-of-Stake Blockchains with Dynamic Availability

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/ouroboros-genesis-composable-proof-of-stake-blockchains-with-dynamic-availability/

Ouroboros-BFT: A Simple Byzantine Fault Tolerant Consensus Protocol

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/ouroboros-bft-a-simple-byzantine-fault-tolerant-consensus-protocol/

Comparison of Block Expectation Time for Various Consensus Algorithms

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/comparison-of-block-expectation-time-for-various-consensus-algorithms/

Can not view full paper

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/marlowe-financial-contracts-on-blockchain/

Parallel Chains: Improving Throughput and Latency of Blockchain Protocols via Parallel Composition

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/parallel-chains-improving-throughput-and-latency-of-blockchain-protocols-via-parallel-composition/

Leakage-Resilient Cryptography from Puncturable Primitives and Obfuscation

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/leakage-resilient-cryptography-from-puncturable-primitives-and-obfuscation/

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/a-formal-treatment-of-hardware-wallets/

A Treasury System for Cryptocurrencies: Enabling Better Collaborative Intelligence

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/a-treasury-system-for-cryptocurrencies-enabling-better-collaborative-intelligence/

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/proof-of-work-sidechains/

ROYALE: A Framework for Universally Composable CardGames with Financial Rewards and Penalties Enforcement

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/royale-a-framework-for-universally-composable-cardgames-with-financial-rewards-and-penalties-enforcement/

The Promise of Blockchain Technology for Global Securities and Derivatives Markets: The New Financial Ecosystem and the ‘Holy Grail’ of Systemic Risk Containment

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/the-promise-of-blockchain-technology-for-global-securities-and-derivatives-markets-the-new-financial-ecosystem-and-the-holy-grail-of-systemic-risk-containment/

Decreasing Security Threshold Against Double Spend Attack in Networks with Slow Synchronization

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/decreasing-security-threshold-against-double-spend-attack-in-networks-with-slow-synchronization/

SoK: A Taxonomy for Layer-2 Scalability Related Protocols for Cryptocurrencies

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/sok-a-taxonomy-for-layer-2-scalability-related-protocols-for-cryptocurrencies/

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/compact-storage-of-superblocks-for-nipopow-applications/

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/cryptocurrency-egalitarianism-a-quantitative-approach/

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/functional-blockchain-contracts/

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/ouroboros-crypsinous-privacy-preserving-proof-of-stake/

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/proof-of-stake-sidechains/

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/system-f-in-agda-for-fun-and-profit/

Unraveling recursion: compiling an IR with recursion to System F

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/unraveling-recursion-compiling-an-ir-with-recursion-to-system-f/

Sonic: Zero-Knowledge SNARKs from Linear-Size Universal and Updateable Structured Reference Strings

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/sonic-zero-knowledge-snarks-from-linear-size-universal-and-updateable-structured-reference-strings/

Proof-of-Stake Blockchain Protocols with Near-Optimal Throughput

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/proof-of-stake-blockchain-protocols-with-near-optimal-throughput/

The Combinatorics of the Longest-Chain Rule: Linear Consistency for Proof-of-Stake Blockchains

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/the-combinatorics-of-the-longest-chain-rule-linear-consistency-for-proof-of-stake-blockchains/

Bypassing Non-Outsourceable Proof-of-Work Schemes Using Collateralized Smart Contracts

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/bypassing-non-outsourceable-proof-of-work-schemes-using-collateralized-smart-contracts/

Marlowe: implementing and analysing financial contracts on blockchain

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/marlowe-implementing-and-analysing-financial-contracts-on-blockchain/

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/non-interactive-proofs-of-proof-of-work/

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/proof-of-burn/

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/stake-shift-in-major-cryptocurrencies-an-empirical-study/

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/the-extended-utxo-model/

Full Analysis of Nakamoto Consensus in Bounded-Delay Networks

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/full-analysis-of-nakamoto-consensus-in-bounded-delay-networks/

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/a-composable-security-treatment-of-the-lightning-network/

One-shot Signatures and Applications to Hybrid Quantum/Classical Authentication

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/one-shot-signatures-and-applications-to-hybrid-quantumclassical-authentication/

Uncontrolled Randomness in Blockchains: Covert Bulletin Board for Illicit Activity

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/uncontrolled-randomness-in-blockchains-covert-bulletin-board-for-illicit-activity/

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/sok-a-taxonomy-of-cryptocurrency-wallets/

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/bitcoin-crypto-bounties-for-quantum-capable-adversaries/

Consensus Redux: Distributed Ledgers in the Face of Adversarial Supremacy

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/consensus-redux-distributed-ledgers-in-the-face-of-adversarial-supremacy/

Flexible Formality: Practical Experience with Agile Formal Methods

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/flexible-formality-practical-experience-with-agile-formal-methods/

Introduction to the design of the Data Diffusion and Networking for Cardano Shelley*

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/introduction-to-the-design-of-the-data-diffusion-and-networking-for-cardano-shelley/

Security Analysis and Improvements for the IETF MLS Standard for Group Messaging

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/security-analysis-and-improvements-for-the-ietf-mls-standard-for-group-messaging/

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/smart-contract-derivatives/

The Architecture of Decentralised Finance Platforms: A New Open Finance Paradigm

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/the-architecture-of-decentralised-finance-platforms-a-new-open-finance-paradigm/

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/account-management-in-proof-of-stake-ledgers/

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/reward-sharing-schemes-for-stake-pools/

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/updatable-blockchains/

Upper Bound Probability of Double Spend Attack on SPECTRE

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/upper-bound-probability-of-double-spend-attack-on-spectre/

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/a-gas-efficient-superlight-bitcoin-client-in-solidity/

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/efficient-static-analysis-of-marlowe-contracts/

Models of distributed proof generation for ZK-SNARK-based blockchains

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/models-of-distributed-proof-generation-for-zk-snark-based-blockchains/

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/native-custom-tokens-in-the-extended-utxo-model/

Timed Signatures and Zero-Knowledge Proofs –Timestamping in the Blockchain Era–

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/timed-signatures-and-zero-knowledge-proofs-timestamping-in-the-blockchain-era/

UTxO- vs account-based smart contract blockchain programming paradigms

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/utxo-vs-account-based-smart-contract-blockchain-programming-paradigms/

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/utxomautxo-with-multi-asset-support/

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/blockchains-from-non-idealized-hash-functions/

Consistency of Proof-of-Stake Blockchains with Concurrent Honest Slot Leaders

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/consistency-of-proof-of-stake-blockchains-with-concurrent-honest-slot-leaders/

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/continuous-group-key-agreement-with-active-security/

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/ledger-combiners-for-fast-settlement/

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/tight-consistency-bounds-for-bitcoin/

Universal Composition with Global Subroutines: Capturing Global Setup within plain UC

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/universal-composition-with-global-subroutines-capturing-global-setup-within-plain-uc/

Zendoo: a zk-SNARK Verifiable Cross-Chain Transfer Protocol Enabling Decoupled and Decentralized Sidechains

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/zendoo-a-zk-snark-verifiable-cross-chain-transfer-protocol-enabling-decoupled-and-decentralized-sidechains/

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/lightweight-virtual-payment-channels/

Security Limitations of Classical-Client Delegated Quantum Computing

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/security-limitations-of-classical-client-delegated-quantum-computing/

Another Look at Extraction and Randomization of Groth's zk-SNARK

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/another-look-at-extraction-and-randomization-of-groths-zk-snark/

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/brick-asynchronous-payment-channels/

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/efficient-state-management-in-distributed-ledgers/

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/hydra-fast-isomorphic-state-channels/

https://cardano.vn/files/Hydra_Fast_Isomorphic_State_Channels_vi.pdf

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/mining-for-privacy-how-to-bootstrap-a-snarky-blockchain/

Multi-instance Publicly Verifiable Time-lock Puzzle and its Applications

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/multi-instance-publicly-verifiable-time-lock-puzzle-and-its-applications/

Pay To Win: Cheap, Crowdfundable, Cross-chain Algorithmic Incentive Manipulation Attacks on PoW Cryptocurrencies

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/pay-to-win-cheap-crowdfundable-cross-chain-algorithmic-incentive-manipulation-attacks-on-pow-cryptocurrencies/

Payment Trees: Low Collateral Payments for Payment Channel Networks

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/payment-trees-low-collateral-payments-for-payment-channel-networks/

Post-Quantum Security of the Bitcoin Backbone and Quantum Multi-Solution Bernoulli Search

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/post-quantum-security-of-the-bitcoin-backbone-and-quantum-multi-solution-bernoulli-search/

SoK: Algorithmic Incentive Manipulation Attacks on Permissionless PoW Cryptocurrencies

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/sok-algorithmic-incentive-manipulation-attacks-on-permissionless-pow-cryptocurrencies/

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/sok-communication-across-distributed-ledgers/

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/standardized-crypto-loans-on-the-cardano-blockchain/

Impossibility on Tamper-Resilient Cryptography with Uniqueness Properties

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/impossibility-on-tamper-resilient-cryptography-with-uniqueness-properties/

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/cardano-disaster-recovery-plan/

How to Prove Work: With Time or Memory (Extended Abstract)

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/how-to-prove-work-with-time-or-memory-extended-abstract/

https://iohk.io/en/research/library/papers/rpplns-pay-per-last-n-shares-with-a-randomised-twist/