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1 | (Optional) What is your name? | (Optional) What is your affiliation? | What type of organization/entity are you associated with? | (Optional) Please provide more information about yourself or your affiliation. | 1. What challenges have emerged during the past 6 years in relation to the realization of the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation, and what are the lessons learned? | 2. What stakeholders have shown support to the realization of the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation? | 3. What stakeholders have shown hindrance to the realization of the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation? | 4. What types of political and geographical situations have shown to be most challenging to the realization of the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation? | 5. How could the links between the mandate of the Special Rapporteur and the SDG6 have been further strengthened? | 6. How could the links between the mandate of the Special Rapporteur and other Special Procedures have been further strengthened? | 7. How could the links between the mandate of the Special Rapporteur and the CESCR/UPR and other human rights monitoring mechanisms have been further strengthened? | 8. How could the links between the mandate of the Special Rapporteur and other mechanisms (such as UNICEF/WHO JMP, HLPF, among others) or themes have been further strengthened? | |||||||||||
2 | State/Governmental body | National Water Authority | The municipalities are the ones responsible for providing drinking water and sanitation services to the population; however, many of them lack the technical and administrative capacities to provide the services adequately, in addition to the fact that at the municipal level continues to be problems of simulation, transfer of public goods to private goods, and waste. On the other hand, the challenges faced by the water utilities are multiple and complex; their financial resources are generally insufficient to operate optimally and most of them have problems in collection and low service fees. The budget reduction in the sector has generated an unfavorable context since there are fewer resources available to invest in the so-much needed water infrastructure. All of the above, combined with the exponential population growth and, in general, the lack of understanding of the water, planning and urban development nexus. It is recognized that it is still necessary to continue promoting inclusive spaces for dialogue, providing information and coordinating solutions between the government, users and citizens in general. | The three level of government, federal, state and municipal, the academy, private sector, non-governmental organizations, civil society, multilateral organizations and international financial organizations. | Although no stakeholders are identified to oppose the realization of the HRWS, social conflicts often hinder the progress of mega-projects or other types of water works, which has a direct repercussion on the fulfillment of this right. | The case of the indigenous populations, and the communities of high and very high marginalization, which commonly live in remote areas of the country, stands out. This makes it very difficult to install not only traditional water and sanitation infrastructure, but also electrical energy, a key component in making other types of systems work. | While it is not considered that the mechanism should be punitive, its role should be strengthened with the aim of increasing attention to and implementation of its recommendations. Meaning, enhance his capacity to establish a degree of country ownership. In addition, his interventions should continue in accordance with the SDG6 and its specific objectives, and the collaboration of the Special Rapporteur should be considered, not only to monitor progress, but also to recognize the correct or incorrect approach of the SDG6. This last point is aimed at changing the perspective of the SDG6 and adjusting it, if necessary, according to the new needs that are being identified. | It is considered relevant to continue strengthening the collaboration between all the Special Procedures, in order to contribute to a common front towards the fulfilment of the human rights. It should also be noted that the information provided by each of the procedures should also be targeted at civil society, which should be accessible and easily understood. In this sense, it is important to mention that public access to information by these procedures, as well as the sharing of information between the different rapporteurs, will always be important, and dare say, indispensable. | The constant and active collaboration will always be an advantage to strengthen the links between the stakeholders. In this regard, the exchange of information between the different mechanisms is essential to continue contributing towards improvements in the framework of human rights compliance. The above, combined with a proper use of the information by all, translates into a reduction of efforts, enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of each mechanism, since they can focus more on the development or reinforcement of recommendations or actions focused on improving the fulfillment of human rights. | Water is a cross-cutting issue, so the work of the Special Rapporteur can be integrated into a wide variety of themes, which in turn allows him to easily engage with other mechanisms. It is necessary to continue to look for areas of opportunity, in the interest of continuing to combine efforts and not perpetuating the concept of working separately. As efforts are united, the work will be enriched, since a much broader approach will be promoted considering the areas of work of each of the different mechanisms. | |||||||||||||
3 | Hernán Romero | Empleado público | State/Governmental body | Gerente de Gestión de Recursos Hídricos del la Dirección de Seguridad Hidria de Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales l | 1. Que se debe incrementar la presión de la sociedad civil , para que la Asamblea Legislativa avance en la aprobación y ratificación del derecho humano al agua y saneamiento .2. avanzar con la aprobación de la Ley General de Agua , apoyada por la presión social de la ciudadanía organizada 3. El Ejecutivo debe realizar un fuerte Lobby con la Comisión de Medio Ambiente y Cambio Climático de la Asamblea Legislativa | La reforma del Art. .. de la Constitución de la Republica , mediante el cual se reconoce el derecho humano al agua, pero que tiene que ser ratificado por una la siguiente legislatura | Algunos diputados de la Asamblea Legislativa | La polarización política del país, en donde las fuerzas mayoritarias de la Asamblea Legislativa no logra ponerse de acuerdo | Trabajando más directamente con el Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales o con ANDA , en diseñar una estrategia de Lobby con la Asamblea Legislativa | No lo sé | No los conozco los entes mencionados | Hacer un trabajo más coordinado con esas instituciones | |||||||||||
4 | Permanent Mission of the Syrian Arab Republic to UNOG | State/Governmental body | Permanent Mission of the Syrian Arab Republic to UNOG | Challenges 1. Climate related challenges: Waves of droughts that occurred in the Syrian Arab Republic have led to a reduction in surface and underground water reserves and its renewable resources. These were accompanied by high population growth rates, which have affected individual’s share of drinking water. We would like to refer here that Syria adopted in 2009 a comprehensive national strategy for water resources management which a number of its projects were implemented. 2. Challenges related to the war against Syria: - The terrorist armed groups target infrastructure of water networks, sanitation services and electrical energy sources necessary to operate them through direct bombing, detonation or pollution. This led to a widespread damage in these infrastructure, in addition to repeated attacks on their staff. For example, the terrorist groups poisoned the water of Ain al-Fijah, which supplies drinking water to the city of Damascus, booby trapped its pumping station and threatened to blow it up (during the period 2012-2017). Water was similarly cut off by the same terrorist group from the city of Aleppo (in 2014). - Acts of aggression committed by some countries against the Syrian territories and its territorial integrity. In this regard; we refer to the practices of the so – called "international coalition" led by the United States of America, which destroyed the infrastructure dedicated to securing drinking water and sanitation services such as bridges, dams, drinking water pumping stations and electrical power generating stations which are necessary to operate these facilities. An example of these aggressive acts, between 2016 and 2017, the warplanes of this "coalition" bombed the Euphrates Dam, Al-Baath Dam, Al-Sahhamiyat pumping station, Sabakh Al-Khair pumping station. In addition to Deir Al-Zour Bridge and Al-Mansour Bridge in Al-Raqqa which are vital in the work of water networks and providing access to it. A number of these facilities’ staff were killed and injured while performing their work. Population of these areas were forced to rely on water wells. These wells also were not away from the air bombing of the "coalition". For example, in 2017, the "coalition" bombed water wells near the municipal stadium, north of Raqqa, which led to civilian casualties among the population seeking drinking water. - The foreign occupation deprived the population of the supply of drinking water, as in the case of the discriminatory practices in managing water resources by the Israeli occupation in the occupied Syrian Golan. The Turkish occupation forces and the terrorist groups affiliated to them in the northeastern areas of Syria cut off drinking water repeatedly from Alouk station and the wells feeding it in the city of Al – Hasaka. As this station is the only water source in the area, it led to depriving of one million people of water supplies. - Increasing pressure on the centers of some cities with waves of internally displaced people fleeing attacks of terrorist groups and acts of aggression as above- mentioned. 3. unilateral coercive measures: - unilateral coercive measures imposed on the Syrian Arab Republic have impeded the replacement of old water networks or the rehabilitation of those damaged and destroyed. As in all vital areas targeted by UCMs, the so – called "humanitarian exemptions" claimed by the countries which are imposing these measures did not address this problem. - These measures affected the implementation of projects and programs of international organizations dedicated to supporting this sector. For example; the project of drawing water from Khirbet Ghazaleh to the city of Daraa, which was implemented by UNICEF. The supply of water pipes necessary for this project was delayed due to these measures, which affects water arrival to the city. - Another example; The investment of 255 sanitation stations was locked due to lack of equipment. 203 of these stations serve residential areas with a population of approximately 25,000, while other stations serve major cities and provincial centers. Foreign companies refrained from supplying equipment or sending technical experts to implement these projects. This had a deep impact on the provision of drinking water and sanitation services. Lessons learned: 1. At the national level: - The climatic challenges highlighted the necessity of improving irrigation methods, using modern techniques and reusing sewage water and agricultural water to irrigate additional areas. It also highlighted the necessity of reconsidering the approved agricultural plan and to replace water-consuming breeds with crops and breeds aligned with the nature of water in each basin and depending on improved varieties. In addition; it is important to encourage non-water-consuming industries, especially in basins that already suffer from water deficit. Plans for networks renewal and replacement to increase their efficiency should be continued. 2. At the international level: - There is a need to fill the gaps in the accountability mechanisms regarding terrorist groups and the countries supporting them that use drinking water as a weapon against civilians as mentioned above. - The effect of unilateral coercive measures in undermining efforts to realize the right to drinking water and sanitation at national level, and the negative impact of these measures on the daily and living needs of all citizens of the targeted countries. This requires an international reaction to the continued imposition of these measures by some countries. | International cooperation and technical assistance provided by international organizations have a fundamental role in supporting national plans and programs related to the right to safe drinking water and sanitation, inline with the specific conditions of each country and its national priorities. | - Lack of international funding allocated to help countries in exceptional circumstances to deal with the consequences of these circumstances. - Linking the funding of international organizations' programs in the relief and development fields to political conditions imposed by donors. - Taking measures or legislations that obstruct the realization of this right in other countries. For example, Turkey's control of international water resources crossing the borders to Syria and Iraq (the Tigris and Euphrates rivers) and their failure to abide by the quotas of transit and downstream countries that are recognized by international law as inalienable rights that no action or measure should be taken contrary to them. | - Situations of foreign occupation. - Acts of direct aggression, or indirect aggression through supporting and financing armed terrorist groups. - Imposing unilateral coercive measures. | The mandate of the Special Rapporteur is directly linked to this goal. Through national reports presented by states on the progress they have achieved towards these goals, the Special Rapporteur can identify the achievements and challenges of each State at the national level, and make recommendations, within the framework of his mandate, in order to fully realize this Right. | - Through consultation and coordination with relevant mandate-holders, taking into account the obligations contained in the Code of Conduct for Special Procedures and resolutions related to their respective mandates, especially adherence to the principles of universality, objectivity and non-selectivity, and the elimination of double standards and politicization. - We would like also to stress the importance of seeking objective and reliable information, taking into account the information provided by the State concerned regarding cases related to their mandate. | - Cooperation between these various mechanisms dedicated to the promotion and protection of human rights which should be inline to the procedural and substantive frameworks for each of them. - Within his mandate, the rapporteur may seek information from States on the implementation of recommendations which are made by these mechanisms, accepted and supported by the State concerned, and about the obstacles to their implementation. | The Rapporteur could be informed by the activities carried out by international organizations, in cooperation with governments, through annual plans and joint programs at the national levels. This sheds light on countries' experiences and the role of international cooperation in realizing this right. | ||||||||||||
5 | Permanent Mission of the Syrian Arab Republic to UNOG | Permanent Mission of the Syrian Arab Republic to UNOG | State/Governmental body | Permanent Mission of the Syrian Arab Republic to UNOG | Challenges 1. Climate related challenges: Waves of droughts that occurred in the Syrian Arab Republic have led to a reduction in surface and underground water reserves and its renewable resources. These were accompanied by high population growth rates, which have affected individual’s share of drinking water. We would like to refer here that Syria adopted in 2009 a comprehensive national strategy for water resources management which a number of its projects were implemented. 2. Challenges related to the war against Syria: - The terrorist armed groups target infrastructure of water networks, sanitation services and electrical energy sources necessary to operate them through direct bombing, detonation or pollution. This led to a widespread damage in these infrastructure, in addition to repeated attacks on their staff. For example, the terrorist groups poisoned the water of Ain al-Fijah, which supplies drinking water to the city of Damascus, booby trapped its pumping station and threatened to blow it up (during the period 2012-2017). Water was similarly cut off by the same terrorist group from the city of Aleppo (in 2014). - Acts of aggression committed by some countries against the Syrian territories and its territorial integrity. In this regard; we refer to the practices of the so – called "international coalition" led by the United States of America, which destroyed the infrastructure dedicated to securing drinking water and sanitation services such as bridges, dams, drinking water pumping stations and electrical power generating stations which are necessary to operate these facilities. An example of these aggressive acts, between 2016 and 2017, the warplanes of this "coalition" bombed the Euphrates Dam, Al-Baath Dam, Al-Sahhamiyat pumping station, Sabakh Al-Khair pumping station. In addition to Deir Al-Zour Bridge and Al-Mansour Bridge in Al-Raqqa which are vital in the work of water networks and providing access to it. A number of these facilities’ staff were killed and injured while performing their work. Population of these areas were forced to rely on water wells. These wells also were not away from the air bombing of the "coalition". For example, in 2017, the "coalition" bombed water wells near the municipal stadium, north of Raqqa, which led to civilian casualties among the population seeking drinking water. - The foreign occupation deprived the population of the supply of drinking water, as in the case of the discriminatory practices in managing water resources by the Israeli occupation in the occupied Syrian Golan. The Turkish occupation forces and the terrorist groups affiliated to them in the northeastern areas of Syria cut off drinking water repeatedly from Alouk station and the wells feeding it in the city of Al – Hasaka. As this station is the only water source in the area, it led to depriving of one million people of water supplies. - Increasing pressure on the centers of some cities with waves of internally displaced people fleeing attacks of terrorist groups and acts of aggression as above- mentioned. 3. unilateral coercive measures: - unilateral coercive measures imposed on the Syrian Arab Republic have impeded the replacement of old water networks or the rehabilitation of those damaged and destroyed. As in all vital areas targeted by UCMs, the so – called "humanitarian exemptions" claimed by the countries which are imposing these measures did not address this problem. - These measures affected the implementation of projects and programs of international organizations dedicated to supporting this sector. For example; the project of drawing water from Khirbet Ghazaleh to the city of Daraa, which was implemented by UNICEF. The supply of water pipes necessary for this project was delayed due to these measures, which affects water arrival to the city. - Another example; The investment of 255 sanitation stations was locked due to lack of equipment. 203 of these stations serve residential areas with a population of approximately 25,000, while other stations serve major cities and provincial centers. Foreign companies refrained from supplying equipment or sending technical experts to implement these projects. This had a deep impact on the provision of drinking water and sanitation services. Lessons learned: 1. At the national level: - The climatic challenges highlighted the necessity of improving irrigation methods, using modern techniques and reusing sewage water and agricultural water to irrigate additional areas. It also highlighted the necessity of reconsidering the approved agricultural plan and to replace water-consuming breeds with crops and breeds aligned with the nature of water in each basin and depending on improved varieties. In addition; it is important to encourage non-water-consuming industries, especially in basins that already suffer from water deficit. Plans for networks renewal and replacement to increase their efficiency should be continued. 2. At the international level: - There is a need to fill the gaps in the accountability mechanisms regarding terrorist groups and the countries supporting them that use drinking water as a weapon against civilians as mentioned above. - The effect of unilateral coercive measures in undermining efforts to realize the right to drinking water and sanitation at national level, and the negative impact of these measures on the daily and living needs of all citizens of the targeted countries. This requires an international reaction to the continued imposition of these measures by some countries. | - International cooperation and technical assistance provided by international organizations have a fundamental role in supporting national plans and programs related to the right to safe drinking water and sanitation, inline with the specific conditions of each country and its national priorities. | - Lack of international funding allocated to help countries in exceptional circumstances to deal with the consequences of these circumstances. - Linking the funding of international organizations' programs in the relief and development fields to political conditions imposed by donors. - Taking measures or legislations that obstruct the realization of this right in other countries. For example, Turkey's control of international water resources crossing the borders to Syria and Iraq (the Tigris and Euphrates rivers) and their failure to abide by the quotas of transit and downstream countries that are recognized by international law as inalienable rights that no action or measure should be taken contrary to them. | - Situations of foreign occupation. - Acts of direct aggression, or indirect aggression through supporting and financing armed terrorist groups. - Imposing unilateral coercive measures. | The mandate of the Special Rapporteur is directly linked to this goal. Through national reports presented by states on the progress they have achieved towards these goals, the Special Rapporteur can identify the achievements and challenges of each State at the national level, and make recommendations, within the framework of his mandate, in order to fully realize this Right. | - Through consultation and coordination with relevant mandate-holders, taking into account the obligations contained in the Code of Conduct for Special Procedures and resolutions related to their respective mandates, especially adherence to the principles of universality, objectivity and non-selectivity, and the elimination of double standards and politicization. - We would like also to stress the importance of seeking objective and reliable information, taking into account the information provided by the State concerned regarding cases related to their mandate. | - Cooperation between these various mechanisms dedicated to the promotion and protection of human rights which should be inline to the procedural and substantive frameworks for each of them. - Within his mandate, the rapporteur may seek information from States on the implementation of recommendations which are made by these mechanisms, accepted and supported by the State concerned, and about the obstacles to their implementation. | The Rapporteur could be informed by the activities carried out by international organizations, in cooperation with governments, through annual plans and joint programs at the national levels. This sheds light on countries' experiences and on the role of international cooperation in realizing this right. | |||||||||||
6 | Agathi Hadjipanteli (on behalf of the Director, WDD | Senior Executive Engineer, Water Development Department (WDD), Republic of Cyprus | State/Governmental body | The Water Development Department of the Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Development and Environment, Republic of Cyprus, is the competent authority for the water management and the protection of the water resources in Cyprus. | Cyprus is located in a semiarid region and suffers from severe and subsequent drought events that are becoming a usual phenomena due to climate change. Water scarcity is a permanent situation that has to be managed in the most proper way. One of the main goals of the Republic of Cyprus strategic plan, in the field of water management, is to secure safe drinking water and sanitation for all citizens and visitors. This has been achieved through the development of water works that have been developed for the utilization (storage and distribution) of the annual surface runoff as well as through the use of non-conventional water resources; desalination for drinking water supply and wastewater reuse for irrigation. During the past 6 years, Cyprus experienced severe drought periods (2015-2018) whereby extra volumes of desalinated water have been produced in order to comply with the drinking water demand. | Access to safe and clean drinking water and sanitation for all is a given right accepted / supported by everyone. No special support is required from anyone for its implementation. | There has been no hindrance (see answer 2 above) | There were not political challenges. The main (permanent) challenge is the climatic conditions and the permanent water scarcity (described above). | By exchange of experiences between countries with similar challenges. | By evaluating the common interests. | By evaluating the human rights’ common interests, bringing together the relevant stakeholders, and utilizing scientific and research activities. | As above | |||||||||||
7 | Dheya AL Naimi | Kahramaa (Qatar General Electricity and Water Corporation) | State/Governmental body | Regarding the drinking water side : There is no new specific challenge emerged during the last 6 years but It was the same challenge for the last 20 years. The most important challenge was the continuous water demand growth (around 8% yearly) for the last 20 years. To cope with that challenge, the government spent a lot of investments in Water Production Plants, Water Pumping Stations , and water transmission and distribution networks. Qatar (Kahramaa) successfully met that challenge by always following the policy of having reserve margins in the drinking water production plants of around 10% more than the water demand. Lessons Learned : The proactive proper planning will reduce so many risks and challenges in the water demand side. | Regarding the drinking water side : So many stakeholders support the realization of the human rights to safe drinking water. For example , Kahramaa is the sole responsible stakeholder in Qatar to provide safe drinking water (Desalinated water and Groundwater) to the country in a way that assures water security and food security | Regarding the drinking water side : No stakeholders shown any hindrances but more improved collaboration is needed to be achieved between water and food security policy and strategy. | Not Applicable | Not Applicable | Not Applicable | Not Applicable | Not Applicable | ||||||||||||
8 | Kerstin Danert | Ask for Water GmbH and the Rural Water Supply Network | Private sector | I feel that the implementation has become easier to understand - more practical! | NGOs and (some) funding agencies. | I am not sure how much the World Bank really gets it! | Thoe populations that are highly stigmatised or poorly understood. | I am not sure. | I am nor familiar enough with the Special Procedures to be able to comment. | More collaborative reporting and outreach. | I think you got there! I am drafting the UNICEF WASH LNOB guidance and have been pushed in the direction of your work, which is great - well done! | ||||||||||||
9 | Alexander C. Huelle | Amnesty International | Non-governmental organization working on human rights in general | Volunteer ECR co-ordinator for Amnesty Germany | As far as I can say, access to safe water and sanitation improved.But these improvements are threatened by climate crisis. For some groups, especially refugees, the sitiuation did not improve. | IGOs, NGOs and state parties. In Germany, especially medico international has been helpful | The situation for refugees was worsened by state parties (e.g Greece) | minorites and refugees | IMHO this part was very good. | don't know | Given the nature of the UPR process I can't think of improvements here. The direct contact to state parties seems more important. | IMHO a broader work with NGOs seems more effective. | |||||||||||
10 | César Artiga | Asociación Generaciones de Paz | Non-governmental organization working on human rights in general | Trabajo derechos ambientales y cultura de paz con juventudes y comunidades | La contaminación del agua, el cambio climático, la perdida de biodiversidad y el deterioro de los ecosistemas | Comunidades y territorios rurales, pueblos indígenas, mujeres y jóvenes | Mujeres y jóvenes | Conflictos por el acceso al agua y los monocultivos, la sobre explotación de los mangos acuíferos y la escasea de agua por la mala gestión pública y negligencia, además de los abusos del sector privado | El ODS6 es clave ara asegurar que nadie se quede atrás y para la realización plena y efectiva de la paz y la seguridad a todo ámbito y nivel | Defensores de derechos humanos y medio ambiente | NDC del Acuerdo de París | Es clave que todo el sistema de naciones unidas y sus organismos funcionen de manera articulada para la realización plena y efectiva de los derechos humanos, lo que debe llevarnos a manifestar una sociedad en paz con el Planeta y la Humanidad | |||||||||||
11 | Response from End Water Poverty and Coalition Eau on behalf of their members | Friend of the mandate | Non-governmental organization working on human rights in general | We are a campaigning organisation focusing on getting access to water and sanitation for the most marginalised people | a. From civil society perspectives, promoting access to water and sanitation using the human rights framing to include all the normative values (accessibility, availability, affordability, acceptability and safety/quality) was viewed as asking governments and service providers to deliver something which is not realistic. For a lot of civil society organisations, it was better for them to pick out one of the normative values for promotion and strip out human rights languages from it. This style has proven to be successful with a lot of donors and fit well with business as usual development narrative. The lessons learnt here is that, a lot of organisation were by default promoting human rights values to a lesser extent, however, this approached is divisive in a sense that the practitioners always want to distance themselves of human rights whenever it pleases them and their donors. b. As a campaigning platform, we found out that the most challenging part for the human rights principles which governments and service providers are happy to discuss or address it Respecting and Protecting peoples right to water and sanitation. When we campaign for the right of people not to be disconnected from services due to discriminatory practices (high tariffs, low priority or prejudice), we face stiff opposition first from so-called pragmatist civil society organisations, WASH experts, governments and private sector. c. In a lot of countries, we found out that national institutions mandated to support people realised their right to water and sanitation (judiciaries, national human rights commissions, regulators and parliaments) pay less attention to water and sanitation. This is largely due to low engagement of civil society with them, the institutions apathy and poor resourcing of these institutions. We have learnt that a combination of nudging and commissioning joint work is the way to inspire and encourage them to wake up to their responsibilities. | Depending on the country/institutions political leaning and moral compass. We have seen support for the realisation of human rights to water and sanitation from state governments, regional governments, district governments to parliaments. In terms of non-state actors, media and academic institutions have been our biggest supporters. It is also important to observed that more liberal governments and institutions are happy to tolerate discussions on the realisations of human rights to water and sanitation but would not proactive promote it themselves. The same applies to some service providers. They will accept its importance, but their service provision will not meet the standards of the human rights normative values of acceptability, availability, affordability, acceptability and safety/quality. | a. Governments in general are slow in recognising the human rights to water and sanitation. Especially populace and right-wing governments and institutions do not want to recognise human rights to start with, those who recognise human rights within the limits of political and civil rights. They have a strong sense that public services such as water and sanitation should be provided by private companies while allowing market forces to be the abetter as to who has access. In most cases both public and private companies are happy to follow the law of the market than promote the realisation of human rights. There is a strong tendency within INGOs to tactically support the market framing for urban consumers while there mop up rural and urban slum provisions. Example, In France, in 2017, the Senate obstructed the realisation of the human right to drinking water by refusing to vote a bill on the right to water presenting measures on water pricing, the development of public water and toilet facilities and officially recognising in law the right to water and sanitation. In Calais too, there is an obstacle to the right to water for refugees present on the spot (decision of the prefecture of Nord pas de Calais forbidding associations to distribute food - and therefore water - to refugees). | Generally right-wing and populace governments. There is no geographic specifics, it depends on who is in government. | It would be great if the progress made on SDG6 is measured against the normative values. At the moment, any little change is counted as progress. We also need a Up-to-date and reliable data which could be used to hold governments and utilities accountable. | There should be more joint reports on countries. These reports should deepen the complementary relationship between human rights to food/water; water/dignity/refugees; water/health; education/water. Their activities (visits and reports) should be published in country by resident UN agencies, governments, media and civil society organisations. | a. Their recommendations to member states should be more robust and a bit enforceable. b. Member states who make recommendations during UPRs should hold their colleagues accountable for its implementation. | a. Joint statement and endorsement of each-others work. b. Embark on aggressive public education on the legal remedies available to people to enforce their right to water. c. Empower the Special Rapporteur so that action can be taken against States that fail to implement human rights on their territory. d. Creation of an application/site to enable citizens to know what to do when they witness a situation that jeopardizes an individual's right to water. e. Joint investigation with non-state actors | |||||||||||
12 | Chimwemwe Mlongoti | Rural Water Supply Sanitation and Hygiene Network | Non-governmental organization specifically focusing on access to water, sanitation or hygiene, Non-governmental organization working on human rights in general | Works with several networks on the WASH sector | Its been noticed that not all communities have had access to safe water supply at their disposal. This has created a gap for households especially those in the remote areas not to adhere practicing proper sanitation and hygiene. | All implementing partners in the sector available in the Country | N/A | Political tensions due to Presidential and Parliamentary elections happening in Countries have indeed shown abit of the hindrance and failure to fulfilling the political will as regards the human right to safe water and sanitation | Through updates, sharing of best practices and the required information for all practitioners within the sector | Through well recorded outcomes, results and share the required information (changes, resolutions, challenges and recommendations)aligning with the set objectives that derive from the main goal of providing equitable access to WASH services to all | Through general reviews which have been done jointly during the past six years | Through well coordinated efforts within the sector. The Joint Monitoring Programme has proved to be effective in the delivery of quality WASH programs | |||||||||||
13 | Annadurai | FANSA India | Non-governmental organization specifically focusing on access to water, sanitation or hygiene | We are collaboration with FANSA India main focus research and study and policy advice CSO part in wash sector | My themetic working with tribal, sanitation workers, transgender and person with disability high affected reliable, affordable equity water and toilet facilities so need more attention and prepare new stradegy | Tribal transgender sanitation workers | Local self governance and CSOs | Caste and religion major role play | Tranprsncy and accountability reliable monitoring mechanism | Networking and awareness | Frequently relationships | Integrated join action strategies | |||||||||||
14 | MOMO BOUTI Gervais | ENGINEER WASH | Non-governmental organization specifically focusing on access to water, sanitation or hygiene | My name is MOMO BOUTI Gervais. I am Cameroonian. I live in Cameroon. I am engineer in water and sanitation. | One of the big challenges was the fight against COVID 19 and the populations needed water resources for hygiene and hand washing. The right to access to water was important to fight this pandemic. | The stakeholders were the populations living in the conflict zones. This is the case in Cameroon with the bokoharam in the far north and the separatist movements in the English-speaking area. | These stakeholders are members of the Islamic sects Boko Haram and the separatists. | political and geographic situations: the secession wars in the north west and south west Cameroon insecurity in northern Cameroon | working with all SDG6 stakeholders | By sharing their information and creating a platform | Through the reports of these organizations | ||||||||||||
15 | Henk Holtslag | Advisor of the SMART Centre Group | Non-governmental organization specifically focusing on access to water, sanitation or hygiene | SMART Centres train local technicians and entrepreneurs in Simple, Market based, Affordable , Repairable Technologies with a focus on local production. | Challenge; Lack of attention (and funds) to reach the rural areas where the large part of the SDG6 target group lives. Lessons learned; Many rural areas can be reached with innovation. New and locally produced technologies for welldrilling, hand pumps, storage, household water treatment etc. These new options can be disseminated by large scale building of local capacity It is frustrating to see that in the discussion on human rights there is so little attention, discussion on solutions. We suggest that, for the SDG6 target group, knowledge on WASH solutions also becomes a (human) right. | Governments of Netherlands and other countries who say that WASH is a human right. | The same governments who in practice provide very little funds in actions to increase WASH for the SDG6 Target group | Rural areas, especially in Subsaharan countries. The small and remote communities where conventional technologies like machine drilled wells are difficult/expensive. | In cooperation with specialists in the sector, a WASH thinktank could have been formed. This thinktank could have come up with a "Road map" with practical actions and funding needs to reach SDG6 | ||||||||||||||
16 | Eric | Osiligi Charity | Non-governmental organization specifically focusing on access to water, sanitation or hygiene | http://www.osiligi.org/ | Endemic corruption amongst the men, less so with women. | Donors and some individuals within local authorities. Kenyan team members. | Politician's, Governor's, Suppliers. | Self interest in politicians and access to funds and resources. | Transparency, openness, trust. | Transparency, openness, trust. | Transparency, openness, trust. | Transparency, openness, trust. | |||||||||||
17 | Eric | Osiligi charity | Non-governmental organization specifically focusing on access to water, sanitation or hygiene | http://www.osiligi.org/ | Identifying partnerships and the sharing of resources. | Some local authorities and suppliers | Politician's and self interest groups. | Identifying who to work with. | Not sure how to answer this at the beginning of a program. | Not sure how to answer this at the beginning of a program. | Not sure how to answer this at the beginning of a program. | Not sure how to answer this at the beginning of a program. | |||||||||||
18 | Tanya (Luyue Tan) | Ms | Non-governmental organization specifically focusing on access to water, sanitation or hygiene | GIWEH | |||||||||||||||||||
19 | Ryan Schweitzer | UNHCR | Non-governmental organization specifically focusing on access to water, sanitation or hygiene | WASH Unit- HQ | UNHCR struggles to monitor the access of persons of concern that are living outside of UNHCR managed camps and settlements to basic services including water, sanitation, and hygiene services. UNHCR monitors WASH services in camps and settlements through the monitoring system that includes household data collection, focus groups, key informant interview, and other mechanisms to ensure feedback from our PoCs is collected and action is taken. Although refugees specifically are falling behind global progress with regards to SDG 6 (current estimates suggest that 17% of refugees have access to safely managed sanitation and 35% have access to safely managed water supply- the issue in camps is more linked to systemic challenges (e.g. high population density preventing household level services) or policy challenges which don't facilitate for investment in more durable infrastructure. While the refugees and PoCs more broadly, who are living outside of camps may be faced with a wide array of challenges to the realisation of their HRWS. Some of these have to individual exclusion (on the basis of there legal status or documentation) or exclusion due to group characteristcs (e.g. classsim, or racism, etc). The problem for PoCs out of camp/settlement is that we are fundamentally unprepared to address the challenges as we don't know what they are. Current SDG monitoring (e.g. thru MICS, DHS, LSMS, and demographic surveys) does NOT currently target the most vulnerable. The lessons that we have learned is that having data is the first step to effectively advocating for a population. What we don't measure....doesn't matter (unfortunately)! | Civil society plays a very important role for holding state actors to account for their commitments to HRWS. | Fragile and conflict affected states | The Special Rapporteur should be pushing for further disaggregation of SDG6 monitoring. | |||||||||||||||
20 | Riska | Environmental NGO | Non-governmental organization specifically focusing on access to water, sanitation or hygiene | I’m a researcher | Lack of access to safe clean water, although there were efforts being made by the community to improve water quality and/ conservation of the water resources, continous contamination and grabbing from corporations and lack to no law enforcement or protection have made less access to it | Government agencies, community, NGOs | Corporations who delayed to natural resources mining or plantation | Threat to environmental defenders and policy which is weigh on economy and access to massive mining on natural resources | Many of grassroots and NGOs haven’t heard of spesial rapporteur and socialization and training is needed for grassroots to understand the grievance mechanism | Socialization and training is needed | Socialization and training | Socialization and training | |||||||||||
21 | Thomas van Waeyenberge | AquaFed - The International Federation of Private Water Operators | Non-governmental organization specifically focusing on access to water, sanitation or hygiene | www.aquafed.org. AquaFed has a long-established working record with the Mandate. I myself have been involved in developing the HRTWS agenda and discussions since 2003 with a focus on dialogue and multi-stakeholder action. AquaFed is proud to have contributed to the development of the recognition of the HRTW and RTS, as well as the SDG6 details. We look forward to continuing to work with the Mandate and with Léo's Successor, Pedro Arrojo | We need to focus more on why we are not reaching the 2 to 3 billion. The SDG framework is now in place since 5 years and we need to assess progress and barriers to progress. All instruments and options that work for gov'ts should be considered. | A wide range, including private water operators, who implement it and their organisations, such as AquaFed, that seek dialogue, understanding and want to cooperate with the Mandate, but also with UN-Water. The question should be: who are we missing at the table? There is still too much silo thinking. | Non-democratic set-ups, crisis and conflict areas, especially in the 40 poorest countries. The impacts of the challenges posed to multilateralism, lack of trust in partners, non-transparency and corruption. Climate changes, poverty, migration and last but not least COVID | The SR should not just focus on SDG6, but on other SDGs as well. The SR should report on the "positive examples" of contributions, so that they can serve as inspiration for Gov'ts, not just on risks or infringements. We believe that showcasing successes and good partnerships is going to be crucial, from all stakeholders. There should also be a good balance, and a neutral behaviour, and a non-ideological approach so that recommendations can be taken forward. The whole idea of SR work should be to bring people and organisations together. | Personally, i do not believe in the naming and shaming approach. I believe the joint field visits or joint statements should focus on productive recommendations, positive appraisals and showcasing best practices and partnerships. | A strong inter-agency and inter-programme coordination will be needed, with sufficient political commitment from MS, but also with sufficient buy-in and trust from non-state actors. If the Mandate wants to achieve this, transparency, openness and willingness to go beyond preformatted ideas will be needed. I also believe that more political support from MS is needed. This was shown last night at the UNGA, but also in the country submissions eg in the latest consultations. | |||||||||||||
22 | Fionnuala Ni Aolain | Special Rapporteur Counter-Terrorism and Human Rights. | International organization or international financial institution | As above | Noting specific challenges in complex humanitarian contexts, armed conflicts and fragile settings (many of which are increasingly being characterised by states as counter-terrorism contexts) to the provision of essential economic and social rights including access to water and sanitation. | In the security sector, evidenced by the lack of traction for humanitarian exemptions, and in fact the increased challenge to the work of humanitarians we have few states willing to stand up and support (except the usual suspects, e.g. Switzerland) and traditional allies (e.g. number of European States) have abandoned or limited their support. | States, P5 in particular. | Armed conflict, fragile settings, authoritarian and highly securitised settings. | Not well placed to answer this | More capacity and support to us all to work in cross-sectional ways. | In general I think resources and time are the key issues here as well as the support systems to enable structured engagement | Structured meetings and support systems, capacity for the individual mandate holders, budget to support staff to work across silos. | |||||||||||
23 | lori johnston | SIPC | Indigenous Peoples' Organization | diminishing access to clean water, increasing salinization of aquifers, drying of aquifers from overwithdrawal, contamination of groundwater and surface waters by fertilizer, pesticides, mining and processing, including radioactive and ohter toxic pollution of waters where we fish. We have learned that the UN will always support radioactive pollution of waters, even when it accelerates climate changes. | Local environmental groups promoted transparency on all water pollution issues, informed Indigenous Peoples where State failed to, organized to stop several new nuclear reactors but were unable to stop the nuclear reactor closest to the bomb factory. International groups working on TPNW raised awareness about pollution, overuse of water. Afghanistan called attention to radioactive impacts for national waste removal at UNEA4 but it did not have power to address radioactive pollution globally. | WHO and IAEA biased data continues to misrepresent facts about radioactive pollution. UNEA is afraid of retaliation from UNSC permanent members so will not mention radioactive pollution or nuclear water use in ministerial declarations. | Coalition of UNSC dictator states denying radioactive realities and facts of nuclear water use, impracticality of nuclear power for planetary use, colonial purpose of nuclear sacrifice zones to support space colonization instead of living within planetary limits. | Enable peer-reviewed indicators. End systemic racism, report on legal obligation of UN System and members to incorporate Indigenous Peoples' data as official data in accordance with DRIP right to self-determination, supporting our right to continue our own governments while supporting our right to have our data not be obscured by data of corporations claiming to own our land. Indigenous Peoples' at the very least have equal rights to own our land as corporations do and should be recognized for our continued governance of our land and Peoples and not be penalized for illegal immigrants inventing countries with our lands, which are endorsed by the UN because these immigrants are seen as inherently and racially superior. | link to DRIP, ILO169 in reports. | link with IACHR, ADRIP, jurisprudence recognizing that Indigenous Peoples' ownership rights are not diminished by our ancestry. | SR could use many existing UNICEF recommendations and programs for Indigenous children as models for rights of adults to water--collaborations with resident coordinators, initiatives in Indigenous languages, education based in cultures, family supports based in traditional laws. SR could use initiatives of the major religious authorities to support Indigenous Peoples' religious authorities' guidance on water. At HLPF SR could facilitate Indigenous Peoples' representative institutions input to discussion of transboundary improvements, early warning procedures on water health, indicators for SDGs, biodiversity, ecosystem restoration. | ||||||||||||
24 | Beverly Longid | International IPMSDL | Indigenous Peoples | The International IPMSDL is a global platform of IP organizations, communities and advocates. More information available in our website: www.ipmsdl.org | The operation of large extractive industries such as mining, energy projects and plantations adversely impacted on the availability of safe drinking water and sanitation. People should have priority over water for their use and livelihood esp. agriculture for survival. Water should be accessible to all, not to those who can afford to buy it. It should be a public good not a luxury for the few. | Civil society esp. Indigenous Peoples, rural and peasant communities, health sector | Private sector esp. big businesses including malls and golf courses. Domestic legislations that allow the privatization of water. | Countries with alarming human rights situation and weak environmental laws and policies. If there are good environmental laws but weak governance to implement, monitor and report. | Continuous information and awareness building on the Special Procedures, and capacity building for civil society esp. grassroots and local organization on the use of these mechanisms. Conduct joint dialogues and country visits with mandate holders with specific sector and groups such as Indigenous Peoples. | ||||||||||||||
25 | Hitesh BHATT | Freelancer individual Hitesh BHATT-India. | Freelancer individual 24-25 years empirical evidence & experience toiling hard work related water & sanitation in india defied the whole corrupt system. | Denied to give bribe corruption 24-25 years ago to get water & sanitation and also earlier & ago toiling hard work with pathetic living conditions & never budge corrupt official like illitate local politicians & national lavel administration & judiciary corrupt officials remove immigiate lethargic stubborn time consuming process with financial losses & financial expences time consuming process in india. | Without any office infrastructure & logistics support with social political & economical challenges main without any political mileage with look locally & look locally activities & time consuming process are main challenges. | If my 24-25 years financial losses & expenses fulfill immediately than i can change & draw the line straight & turn the table in positive manner with corruption free world & fullfil sustainable development goals & all inclusive solutions related water & sanitation. | Please endorse my heavy compensation & financial losses & 24-25 years financial expenses fulfill immediately without any public mileage with other resoscibilility are my close dome due to safety & security reasons. | No matter any geographical situations in any language of world only financial constraint without office infrastructure & logistics support. Illiterate political situations are only safety & security reasons are main challenges any of the world & specially in India during 24-25 years main challenges. | It's openly challenged by me if they 24-25 years financial expenses & financial losses fulfilled immediately than i can change & draw the line straight & turn the table in positive manner & all inclusive solutions related water & sanitation & domestic electricity connections sustainable development goals for farier world corruption free. | That you people decide weather i am right or wrong representing individual Hitesh BHATT-India. | If my 24-25 years financial expenses & losses fulfilled immediately first & my physical present speak the volume of truth. | Corruption free world & sustainable development goals & all inclusive solutions related water & sanitation. | |||||||||||
26 | EUPHRESIA LUSEKA | A WATER GOVERNANCE EXPERT | Consultant | I am currently a water governance consultant | `The biggest challenge I have seen as a African Water sector practioner is the weak international collaboration on WASH agenda and aid ineffectiveness. The lesson for me is the glaring need of de-colonising the WASH sector. | IRC, RWSN, UNICEF and government of Kenya have tried. | The stakeholders in the North countries who implemnet projects with white supremacy mentality | white supremacy still exists | This could be through ensuring that SDG6 localises its agenda | Overall the curent rapporteur did an incredible job especially fro Africa (hats off) | I kindly propose addition of an indicator on aid effectiveness | Set up structures to de-colonise the WASH sector. | |||||||||||
27 | Alexander Gilbert | Student | Academic | Doing my MBA | Civic space has been corrupted with highly effective leaders due to lack of leadership skills..Water basically it is a major problem in our continent (Africa)..lesson learned we need new leaders and transparency | Am not aware off | Nil | Nil | Nil | Nil | Nil | Nil | |||||||||||
28 | Aisha Bello-Dambatta | Bangor University | Academic | Interdisciplinary researcher in water science and engineering. | |||||||||||||||||||
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