Enslaved of Kingsley Plantation

	A	B	C	D	E	F	G
1	Name	Born	Family relations	Occupation	Enslaver	Source	Notes
2						Marshall, Amani T. Ph.D.The Enslaved Communities on Fort George Island A Special History Study for Timucuan Ecological & Historic Preserve Prepared under a cooperative agreement between The Organization of American Historians and The National Park Service March 2022	Re: John McQueen - "By 1793, McQueen had 229 enslaved people laboring for him"
3	Nansy				John McQueen		"Soon after McQueen settled with his enslaved laborers on Fort George Island, he sold an enslaved woman called Nansy, along with her husband and two children, to Bartolome Benitez y Galvez, the Intendant of East Florida. In 1792, Nansy sued for her freedom. "
4	Mary Postell		Mother to Flora and Nelly		Jesse Gray		During the evacuation of East Florida, Gray brought Postell and her two daughters to Nova Scotia, where he claimed them as his property and sold Postell and her daughter, Flora.
5	Flora Postell				Jesse Gray		" "
6	Nelly Postell				Jesse Gray		" "
7	Juan	Guinea	Married to Rosa		John McQueen
8	Rosa	Guinea	Married to Juan		John McQueen
9	Cuffy				John McQueen
10	Mengo				John McQueen
11	Niger				John McQueen
12	Sambo				John McQueen
13	Sisa				John McQueen
14	Hercules				John McQueen
15	Bacos				John McQueen
16	Venus				John McQueen
17	Clorinda		Mother to Juana, Josef, and Carlos		John McQueen		"In 1798, an enslaved woman named Clorinda petitioned the governor to be sold rather than be forced out of St. Augustine and thereby separated from her husband. At that point she had three children: six-year-old Juana was fathered by an “unknown white” man who may have been McQueen; three-year-old Josef was fathered by Dr. Sterling of London, England; her infant son, Carlos, was the child of Daniel, an enslaved man belonging to McQueen. Clorinda succeeded in keeping her family together: On June 15, 1799, Michael O’Reilly baptized nine enslaved children on Fort George Island. Among them was Carlos, with his parents, Clorinda and Daniel.12"
18	Juana				John McQueen		" "
19	Josef	1795			John McQueen		" "
20	Carlos	1798 ca.			John McQueen		" "
21	Daniel		Father to Carlos		John McQueen		" "
22	Harry	Possibly Manumitted in 1807 after John McQueen's death -			John McQueen		"McQueen’s grandson John Mackay, visiting St. Augustine in 1836, met with three people formerly enslaved by McQueen. Harry was free, and Andrew and his wife, Wilbee, now belonged to Mr. Arno. They asked “after theold negroes at home” and “expressed great affection and desire to go back to their relations near Savannah.”14 "The men who gained their freedom through manumission were those whose labor made them indispensable to their owners: Harry, the personal servant to John McQueen;" "Harry was twenty-nine when McQueen died of typhus fever at his St. Johns River slave labor camp, Los Molinos de McQueen, in October 1807." ""For his dutiful services to McQueen, Harry may have received his freedom. In 1836, McQueen’s grandson, John Mackay, was in St. Augustine and found three people formerly enslaved by McQueen. While Andrew and his wife Wilbee had been sold to a new owner,“Old Harry” was then free.5 Harry was fifty-eight years old."
23	Andrew		Husband to Wilbee		John McQueen, then Mr. Arno		" "
24	Wilbee		Wife to Andrew		John McQueen, then Mr. Arno		" "
25	Abraham Hanahan	Manumitted by Z. Kingsley		overseer	Zephaniah Kingsley		"Among these ten was Abraham Hanahan, who often worked as overseer of Laurel Grove." " Abraham Hanahan, the manager of Zephaniah Kingsley’s Laurel Grove slave labor camp; [was manumitted by Z. Kingsley] "Abraham Hanahan was able to leverage his indispensable role as overseer of ZephaniahKingsley’s Laurel Grove plantation to gain his freedom in 1811. He had belonged to Kingsley’s father, and the younger Kingsley entrusted him to oversee the enslaved laborers at Laurel Grove while he engaged in his business of buying and selling people. Hanahan managed the estate alongside the African-born driver, Peter, whom Kingsley described as “a mechanic and most valuable manager.” Their valued positions afforded them significant privileges. Both men lived in large “dwelling houses,” as opposed to the cramped “negro houses” inhabited by field hands. In their respected positions as overseer and driver, Hanahan and Peter conducted themselves as free men"
26	Sophy Chidgigane	Manumitted by Z. Kingsley	wife of Abraham Hanahan and mother of Flora Hanahan		" "		Purchased in Havana ; native of Jolof "In her manumission record, Kingsley described Sophy as “a woman of Jalof, thirty-six years of age, about five feet high, black complexion” freed “for faithful services.” As a free woman, she went by Sophia Hanahan."15
27	Ana		D. of Abraham and Sophy Hanahan				" Sophia and Abraham Hanahan had their daughters, Ana Juana and Josefa Flora, baptized on Oct. 17, 1819. Father Miguel Crosby made no mention of their age, race, or legal status in the baptismal record because by then the family was living as free."
28	Juana		D. of Abraham and Sophy Hanahan				" "
29	Josefa Flora		D. of Abraham and Sophy Hanahan				" "
30	Patty	Manumitted July 1823 at age 2	D. of Sophia (presumably Sophy)				In July 1823, Kingsley manumitted Sophia’s two-year-old daughter, Patty, declaring her “henceforward and so long as she shall live, an emancipated and free person having full and perfect liberty.”
31	Peter			mechanic and manager	" "		" In a bold move that belied his enslaved status, Peter attended the meeting and demanded the guns be returned. In doing so, he asserted the rights of a free citizen to speak freely, participate in town meetings, own guns, and petition for redress of grievances. The necessity for his armed self-defense was borne out two years later when Peter was killed while defending the community during the Seminole raid at Laurel Grove.10
32	Munsilna McGundo	Manumitted by Z. Kingsley	sexually assaulted and impreganted by Amos Kingsley, father of Fatimah		Kingsley		"Among the enslaved Africans who arrived at Laurel Grove aboard El Peje was a pregnant young woman named Munsilna McGundo. Kingsley had selected her as his “favorite” on the Gustavia, sexually assaulting her throughout the transatlantic voyage. In February 1807, she gave birth to Kingsley’s daughter, Fatimah Kingsley, honoring her Muslim faith by naming her child after the Prophet Muhammad’s daughter. Kingsley would emancipate four-year-old Fatimah in March 1811. Munsilna gave birth to several more children during her lifetime." 21 " The women who gained their freedom through manumissionwere those who bore Kingsley’s children: Anna Madgigine Jai Kingsley, Munsilna McGundo, Flora Hanahan, and Sarah Murphy." "While there is no record of McGundo’s manumission, in every other known instance where Kingsley fathered children by enslaved women, he freed both the mothers and the children. The fact that he provided McGundo with property suggests that he did in fact manumit her"
33	Fatimah Kingsley	February, 1807	Daughter of Munsilna McGundo and Zephaniah Kingsley		Kingsley		emancipated at 4 years of age in 1811
34	Anta Majigeen Ndiaye - became known as Anna	1793 ca. Manumitted by Z. Kingsley	Assaulted on ship at age 13, impregnated with first child by Z. Kingsley		Kingsley		"Among them was Anta Majigeen Ndiaye. Senegalese historian Abdou Cisse identified Anta as the daughter of a member of the royal lineage of Jolof. He argues that after Anta’s father led an unsuccessful challenge for the throne, the repercussions included his exile and his family’s enslavement. Anta, along with other members of her village, was captured in raids by mercenaries from Cayor, sold to slave traders at Goree Island, and carried across the Middle Passage to Havana." - Emancipated March 1811
35	George	October 1806 Fort George	Anta Majigeen Ndiaye and Z. Kingsley		Kingsley		Emancipated in March 1811 "In October 1837, Zephaniah Kingsley sailed from St. Marys, Georgia, to the Haitiansettlement with George Kingsley’s wife, Anatoile, and her children, and the wives and children of the six men who had cleared the land. Other passengers included “two additional families … all liberated for the express purpose of transportation to Haiti, where they were all to have as much good land in fee, as they could cultivate, say ten acres for each family and all its proceeds.”2
36	Anatoile		wife of George Kingsley				" "
37	Martha	1809 ca	" "		""		" "
38	Mary	1811	" "		" "		" "
39	Sarah Murphy Kingsley	Manumitted by Z. Kingsley			Kingsley		Kingsley had children with at least three other women—Munsilna McGundo, Sarah Murphy Kingsley, and Flora Hanahan Kingsley—but only referred to Anna as his wife.
40	Micanopy		son of Sarah Murphy and Z. Kingsley				"In his will, Kingsley divided his property among Kingsley B. Gibbs, Anna Madgigine Jai Kingsley, and his sons by Anna—John Maxwell Kingsley and George Kingsley—Flora Hanahan Kingsley, and Micanopy (his son by an enslaved woman named Sarah Murphy)." 19
41	Flora Hanahan Kingsley	Manumitted by Z. Kingsley	Daughter of Abraham Hanahan and Sophy Chidgigane		Kingsley		" " "Kingsley would later take Sophia and Abraham Hanahan’s teenage daughter Flora as his mistress. He manumitted her on March 20, 1828 when she was twenty years old and pregnant with their son Charles" "” Flora had four more children by Kingsley at New Hope Plantation: James, Sophia, William, and Osceola."16
42	Charles	Manumitted by Z. Kingsley	son of Flora and Z. Kingsley
43	James	" "	son of Flora and Z. Kingsley
44	Sophia	" "	daughter of Flora and Z. Kingsley
45	William	" "	son of Flora and Z. Kingsley
46	Osceola	" "	child of Flora and Z. Kingsley
47	Roxana Marguerite Kingsley	born 1842	daughter of Flora and Z. Kingsley				"In November 1841, Kingsley moved Flora and her children to Puerto Plata, where Roxana Marguerite Kingsley was born the following year.
48	Peter		Died in Seminole attack, July 1812		Kingsley		In July 1812, during the Patriot Rebellion, Seminoles attacked Kingsley’s Laurel Grove plantation, torching all the outbuildings, killing two enslaved men named Peter and Mortorro, and capturing forty-one others. These included three children under age nine (Andrew, Hannah and Mike) who were separated from their mothers (Polly, Rose and Jenny, respectively). Kingsley never recovered them. They may have stayed with the Seminoles a
49	Mortorro		Died in Seminole attack, July 1812		Kingsley		" "
50	Andrew		son of Polly		Kingsley		" "
51	Silvia		married to Andrew		" "		" Silvia was sold away from her husband Andrew. She may have considered herself fortunate that John H. McIntosh was willing to pay $1060 to purchase her together with her children Nanny, Jacob, Adam, and Edwin.28"
52	Nanny		daughter of Silvia		" "		" "
53	Jacob		son of Silvia		" "		" "
54	Adam		son of Silva		" "		" "
55	Edwin		son of Silvia		" "		" "
56	Hannah		Daughter of Rose		Kingsley		In July 1812, during the Patriot Rebellion, Seminoles attacked Kingsley’s Laurel Grove plantation, torching all the outbuildings, killing two enslaved men named Peter and Mortorro, and capturing forty-one others. These included three children under age nine (Andrew, Hannah and Mike) who were separated from their mothers (Polly, Rose and Jenny, respectively). Kingsley never recovered them. They may have stayed with the Seminoles a
57	Mike		son of Jenny & Genoma; married to Lavinia		Kingsley		" "
58	Polly		mother of Andrew		Kingsley		" "
59	Rose		mother of Hannah		Kingsley		" "
60	Jenny		mother of Mike, married to Genoma		Kingsley		" "
61	Genoma or Jenoma		married to Jenny, father of Mike		" "
62	Linda				Charles H. Barnwell and wife, Charlotte L. Thomson		Among those forced to relocate with the Barnwells were likely Linda, Dol, Hetty, Caty, and Hector, whom Charlotte had inherited from her father’s estate two years earlier.
63	Dol				" "		" "
64	Hetty				" "		" "
65	Caty				" "		" "
66	Hector				" "		" "
67	Sophy				John McQueen		"McQueen noted, “every Young person in Florida is laid up with [w]hooping cough all my Young Negroes have it to a violent degree … About ten days ago Negers Wife Sophy fell dead in an apoplectic fit.”2 Sophy may have suffered a brain hemorrhage or stroke."
68	Negers				" "		" "
69	Lindo				Kingsley		"Working their garden plots after completing their daily tasks, ambitiouswomen and men were able to produce a surplus, which they could sell for profit.Describing their weekends, Kingsley noted, “their time was usually employed in hoeing their corn, and getting a supply of fish for the week. Both men and women were very industrious. Many of them made twenty bushels of corn to sell.” In 1845, Lindo, Milce, andJim sold a total of sixteen bushels of corn to overseer Charles McNeill at a rate of seventy-five cents a bushel, earning $3.37, $4.52, and $4.12, respectively." 19
70	Milce				" "		" "
71	Jim				" "		" "
72	Sophy		married to Lindo				"Kingsley’s executors valued Lindo and Sophy Kingsley and their children, Labo, George, and Philip, at $1800 in 1844. Sophy and the children were auctioned off on the courthouse steps, while the executors chose to keep Lindo in the estate. While the family’s prayers had been answered when John Sammis purchased Sophy and the children, they refused to leave their fate to the financial whims of enslavers. For years, Lindo and Sophy had raised corn, selling the surplus for profit. By the 1850s, the couple managed to purchase their freedom and that of their children. To honor their new identities as free people, they took the surname Wright. The Duval County Census of 1860 lists Lindo Wright, his wife Sophia, and their freeborn children, John and Irandina.37"
73	Labo		child of Lindo and Sophy				" "
74	George		" "				" "
75	Philip		" "				" "
76	Romeo				Kingsley		One of the leaders of this resistance was Romeo, a young single man, valued at $650 on the 1844 inventory. McNeill flogged him, prompting him to run away with another enslaved man.
77	Malena				Kingsley		In June 1841, Malena gave birth to a son, Alick. The following May, Sukey gave birth to a daughter. Gibbs did not mention these children again, suggesting that they survived at least until the journal ended in 1843. The journal mentions two additional mothers whose children died shortly after birth. In October 1841, Gibbs noted matter-of-factly, “Phebe had a son night before last, it died to day.” In April 1843, Lucy gave birth to a child who died two months later.2
78	Alick	son of Malena, born June 1841	son of Malena, born June 1841		Kingsley		" "
79	Sukey		gave birth to unnamed daughter May 1842		Kingsley		" "
80	Phebe				Kingsley		" "
81	Lucy				Kingsley		" "
82	Fanny				Kingsley		"The journal mentions the death of two more children, whose ages are unknown. On November 22, 1841, Gibbs noted, “Fanny’s child died yesterday.” He made no mention of Fanny giving birth, so it is likely the child was born before January 1840 when his journal begins. In May 1841, Gibbs wrote, “negro boy Sandy fell in the river today and was drowned.” The following day he described, “Hunting for the body of Sandy, which, as I returned today, I found on Talbot Beach and had it buried.”
83	Sandy		drowned May 1841		Kingsley		" "
84	Bonify				Kingsley		" Ten of the forty adults listed in the appraisal of Kingsley’s property in 1844 had African names: Bonify, Jenoma, Abdalla, Tamba, Penda, Qualla, Yamba, Couta, Tamasa, and Comba. While most would give their children English names, afew passed down their culture through naming practices. At Laurel Grove, an East African carpenter named Jack and his wife Tamasa gave three of their children English names andnamed their second son Mtoto (Swahili for child).4
85	Jenoma				Kingsley		" "
86	Abdalla(h)				Kingsley		" " "The 1844 inventory of Zephaniah Kingsley’s estate valued Abdallah, his wife Bella, and their children, Paul and Amy, at $1248" " “The slave Paul not sold, because he had died before the day of sale.” Abdallah, Bella, and Amy were listed among the nine enslaved people Judge Crabtree awarded to Anna Kingsley. The family was valued at $936. Anna Kingsley eventually allowed the family to purchase their freedom, presumably for $468. The Duval County Census of 1860 records Abdallah and Bella Kingsley, both African born, as free and living in the rural area that is now the Arlington neighborhood of Jacksonville.38"
87	Bella		married to Abdallah				The 1844 inventory of Zephaniah Kingsley’s estate valued Abdallah, his wife Bella, and their children, Paul and Amy, at $1248
88	Paul		son of Abdallah & Bella				The 1844 inventory of Zephaniah Kingsley’s estate valued Abdallah, his wife Bella, and their children, Paul and Amy, at $1248
89	Amy		daughter of Abdallah & Bella				The 1844 inventory of Zephaniah Kingsley’s estate valued Abdallah, his wife Bella, and their children, Paul and Amy, at $1248
90	Tamba				Kingsley		" Ten of the forty adults listed in the appraisal of Kingsley’s property in 1844 had African names: Bonify, Jenoma, Abdalla, Tamba, Penda, Qualla, Yamba, Couta, Tamasa, and Comba. While most would give their children English names, afew passed down their culture through naming practices. At Laurel Grove, an East African carpenter named Jack and his wife Tamasa gave three of their children English names andnamed their second son Mtoto (Swahili for child).4
91	Penda				Kingsley		" "
92	Qualla				Kingsley		" "
93	Yamba				Kingsley		" "
94	Couta				Kingsley		" "
95	Tamasa		married to Jack		Kingsley		" "
96	Comba				Kingsley		" "
97	Jack		married to Tamasa		Kingsley		" "
98	Mtoto		son of Jack and Tamasa		Kingsley		" "
99	Gullah Jack Pritchard				Kingsley		Vesey enlisted another member of the AME church, Gullah Jack Pritchard, to recruit the African-born contingent. He served as a prominent leader in the conspiracy, using traditional African spiritual beliefs to unite and embolden the African rebels. In his Treatise, Kingsley claimed to have carried Gullah Jack from Africa to Florida.
100	Prince		Married to Julia Anne		" "		"Prince’s wife, Julia Anne, and their child, Sally, were sold to Samuel Houston."