Public GWS Landscaping Guide (1).xlsx

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2	Landscaping Species Guide
3	HOW TO USE THIS GUIDE 1. This guide is intended to provide Glenwood Springs residents and our neighboring communities with an overview of the species that are able to survive the environmental conditions of our ecoregion (21f) or that are adaptive species from nearby ecoregions. 2. Not all species are recommended for your site. Please practice planting the right species in the right place. 3. Please make note of the colored columns on the left, which depict species suitability for streets and sidewalks, drought tolerant conditions, and indicate whether or not the species is native, evergreen, and/or a groundcover.														DETAILS KEY I = Intolerant L = Low M = Moderate			R = Rapid S = Slow T = Tolerant U = Unknown		HYRDOZONE KEY 1... (Drought Tolerant)... Requires very little water 2... (Moderately Drought Tolerant)... Requires little water 3... (Low Drought Tolerance)... Requires moderate water 4... (No Drought Tolerance)... Requires regular water		FLAMMABILITY KEY 8 - 10....Low Flammability 4 - 7......Moderately Moderate Flammability 0 - 3......High Flammability
4	Streets & Sidewalks	Drought Tolerant ***	Colorado Native*	Near Native*	Evergreen	Groundcover	Shade Tree	Hydrozone	Group	Botanic Name	Common Name	Average Mature Height	Average Mature Spread	Shade Tolerance	Salt Tolerance	Fire Tolerance**	Growth Rate	Bloom Season	Inflorescence or Leaf Color	Fruit & Seed	Wildlife Value	Other Notes

5	x	x	x	x	x			1	Cacti	Escobaria spp.	Pincushion cactus	4”	4”	I	M	M	S	Summer	Pink, white,Yellow, orange	Pink, Red	Nectar & pollen for bees.	Many of these cacti are native to our region and vary depending on species.
6	x	x	x	x				2	Forbs	Achillea millefolium	Common Yarrow	2'	3'	M	L	T	M	Spring	white	Insignificant	Nectar & pollen for bee, butterfly	Considered a desirable member of natural communities, but its creeping habit and ability to establish seedling can make it difficult to manage in landscaped areas.
7	x	x	x	x		x		2	Forbs	Callirhoe involucrata	Wine Cups	4”x10”		I	L	L	M	SpringSummer	magenta	Insignificant	Good for pollinators.
8	x	x	x	x				1	Forbs	Campanula rotundifolia	Harebell, bluebell	12”	6”	M				Summer	Lavender/blue	Insignificant	nectar & pollen for bee, butterfly	The characteristics of this perennial vary depending on habitat conditions.
9	x	x	x	x				1	Forbs	Dalea purpurea	Purple Prairie Clover	24”	18”	I				Summer	purple	Insignificant	Good pollinator plant (special value for native bees) and deer resistant.	Cone like flower heads. Can be used as a natural lawn replacement.
10	x	x	x	x		x		1	Forbs	Erigeron divergens	Spreading Daisy, Spreading Fleabane	2”	6" - 24"	I				March - November	White, pink, or lavender	Insignificant	Supports biologival contgrol processes.	Can reach two feet tall in some conditions. Will stay shorter in xeric conditions.
11	x	x	x	x	x	x		1	Forbs	Eriogonum umbellatum	Sulfer Flower Buckwheat	14"	24"	I	T	L	S	Summer	Yellow	Insignificant	Good for pollinators, attracts birds, and deer resistant.	Check variety. It may be sold in small clump form with flowers to 10 centimeters tall, or as a sprawling shrub approaching two meters in height.
12	x	x	x	x				2	Forbs	Gaillardia aristata	Blanket Flower	12”	12”	I	T	L	M	SummerFall	Yellow/red	Insignificant	Good for pollinators.	Reseeds readily and is easy to grow; good drainage is the only requirement. Rich soils will produce large, floppy plants with few flowers. Commonly used in roadside & meadow plantings.
13	x	x	x	x				1	Forbs	Helianthus pumilus	Bush Flower, Little Sunflower	20”	36"	I	M	T	M	Summer - Fall	Yellow	Insignificant	Good pollinator plant (special value for native bees).	Grows well in many different habitats.
14	x	x	x	x				1	Forbs	Liatris punctata	Blazing Star	24”	12”	I	I	T	M	Summer - Fall	Pink/purple	Insignificant	Good pollinator plant (special value for native bees and bumble bees).	Very eye catching and brightly colored.
15	x	x	x	x				2	Forbs	Linum lewisii	Lewis Flax	18”	12”	I	L	L	M	Spring - Summer	Blue	Insignificant	Good pollinator plant (special value for native bees and bumble bees), nectar for hummingbird.	Tolerates saline and drought conditions very well.
16	x	x	x	x		x		1	Grass	Achnatherum hymenoides	Indian Rice Grass	24”	12”	I	L	T	M	Summer	Tan	Unimportant, brown	Seed for birds; host plant for larval skipper.	Native habitat is juniper ponderosa pine forests, and is commonly used for erosion control.
17	x	x	x	x		x		2	Grass	Bouteloua curtipendula	Sideoats Grama	24”	12”	I	L	L		Summer	Green/yellow	Seed	Seed for birds.	Dakota pinnacle' is most winter hardy. Sod forming.
18	x	x	x	x		x		1	Grass	Bouteloua gracilis	Blue Grama	18”	12”	I	M	T	R	Summer	Blue green	Seed	Important forage for mule deer, elk, pronghorn, and bighorn sheep.	Bunch grass, great partner to many native Colorado species. Tolerant of alkaline soils. Deep roots. Can be used for high-water use turf repplacement.
19	x	x	x	x		x		1	Grass	Buchloë dactyloides	Buffalograss	10"	12"	I	U	U	M	Summer	Blue green	Seed	Seed for birds and small mammals.	Can be used for high-water use turf replacement, but may not be good for heavy traffic areas.
20	x	x	x	x		x		2	Grass	Elymus lanceolatus	Streambank wheatgrass	3'		M			R	Summer	Blue green	Seed	Palatable to livestock and wildife. Preferred by elk, sheep, deer, and antelope.	Sod forming, similar to western wheatgrass but not as aggressive. Good for, but not restricted to riparian sites.
21	x	x	x	x		x		2	Grass	Koeleria macrantha	Prairy junegrass	24"	24"	M			M	Summer	Light green to blue	Seed	Seed for birds and small mammals, palatable to bighorned sheep, mountain goats, and other ungulates.	Can be used ornamentally or as low-input turfgrass.
22	x	x	x	x	x	x		1	Shrub	Berberis repens	Creeping Barberry	12”		T	L	T		Summer	Yellow	Insignificant	nectar & pollen for bee, butterfly	Spreading, can be used as groundcover
23	x		x	x				3	Shrub	Betula occidentalis	Western River Birch	30'	25'	M	I	T	M	Mid Spring	Yellow	Insignificant	Forage for mule deer, moose; cover for various wildlife, important habitat for birds.	Cinnamonbrown bark, multistemmed, yellow fall foliage. Good for use in rain garden, or planted along a waterway.
24	x	x	x	x				2	Shrub	Buddleia alternifolia	Fountainleaf butterfly brush, alternateleaf butterfly brush	10"	8"	M			M	Mid Spring	Violet	Insignificant	Pollinator friendly, good wildlife forage.	Arching form, silvergray foliage, fine texture, flowers on old wood, attracts butterflies, extremely hardy. Great for hedging.
25	x	x	x	x				1	Shrub	Caryopteris x clandonensis	Spirea, Blue Mist or Dark Night	4"	4"	M			M	Jul - Sep	Blueviolet to purple	Tan to brown small fruits	Deer resistant. Attracts birds, bees, and hummingbirds.	Mounded shrub with dark glossy foliage, upright branches. Needs Good drainage. Great for windy areas and dry sites.
26	x	x	x	x				1	Shrub	Ericameria nauseosa	Rubber Rabbitbrush	4’	3’	I				Fall	Yellow	No	seed for birds; nectar & pollen for bee, butterfly
27	x	x	x	x				1	Shrub	Fallugia paradoxa	Apache Plume	5’	5’	I	M	L		Summer	white, pink, purple	No	nectar & pollen for bee	Small leaves, finetextured, whitish stems, rosecolored featherytailed seeds, some suckering
28	x	x	x	x				1	Shrub	Fendlera rupicola	Cliff fendlerbush	5'	5'	I	I	I		Jun	White	No		Glossy foliage, new reddish bark turns gray with age, upright irregular growth, fragrant flowers
29	x	x	x	x				1	Shrub	Holodiscus dumosus	Rock spirea	4'	4'	I	I	M		May - Jun	White	No		Upright spreading habit, finetextured foliage turns red in fall, rust colored seedheads in fall
30		x	x	x	x			1	Tree	Abies concolor	White Fir	50'	30'	M	I	M	S	Late Spring	Red	Unimportant, brown	Deer, elk, bear, and mountain beaver habitat. Many bird species, including bald eagle, northern spotted owl, brown creeper, and redbreasted nuthatches are associated with white fir habitat types.	Specimen tree, exceptional foliage. Underutilized.
31		x	x	x				2	Tree	Acer glabrum	Rocky Mountain Maple	20'	15'	M	I	T	R	Late Spring	green	Winged Samaras	Regular source of cover for wildlife.	Multistemmed, fragrant flowers, orange and red fall foliage. Longlived and shade tolerant. Can b very shrubby.
32		x	x	x			x	2	Tree	Acer grandidentatum	Bigtooth Maple	50'	25'	M	L	L		Spring	white	Double Samaras	Food and cover for birds, and browsed by larger ulgulates.	Shade tolerant, blazing autumn foliage, highly adaptable.
33	x	x	x	x				1	Tree	Acer negundo "sensation'	Sensation Box Elder	30 - 50'	25 - 40'	T	M	L	R	Summer	Yellow/Green	Winged Samaras	Seeds are winter forage for birds and small mammals, deer browse young plants.	Red expanding leaves in spring, brilliant orange and red color in the fall. Male selections do not attract box elder bugs. May produce many sprouts.
34			x	x			x	4	Tree	Betula papyrifera	Paper Birch	50'	25'	I	M	T	M	Mid Spring	Yellow	No	Young stands provide cover for deer and moose and cavitynesting birds including woodpeckers, chickadees, nuthatches, and swalLow Tolerances.	Specimen tree w/ gleaming white peeling bark, golden fall foliage. Paper birch is useful for longterm revegetation and soil stabilization of severely disturbed sites. Only reccommended for riparian plantings--not for yard use.
35		x	x	x			x	2	Tree	Catalpa speciosa	Northern Catalpa	50'	40'	I	L	I	M	Early Summer	White	Brown Pods	Special value to honeybees.	Excellent shade tree. Fragrant white flowers, large heart shape leaves. Great for high elevations.
36	x	x	x	x			x	1	Tree	Celtis occidentalis	Northern Hackberry	50'	50'	T	L	L	R	Mid Spring	Green	Yes, Brown	Forage and cover for deer, small wildlife and birds.	Yellow fall foliage, fruit a purplyred, slow grower, long lived.
37		x	x	x				2	Tree	Crataegus douglassii	Douglas Hawthorn	25'	25'	I	L			Apr – May	White	Black	Important forage for grouse, ungulates, and waterfowl.	Showy white flowers, orangered fall foliage. Large thorns.
38		x	x	x			x	1	Tree	Gleditsia triacanthos inermis 'Imperial'	Imperial Honeylocust	30'	40'	I	M	M	M	Late spring	Yellow	Yes, Green	Forage and cover for a variety of mammals and birds.	The City is requesting a reduction in the planting of new honeylocust trees due to a high concentration of this species. Fine textured foliage with soft yellow fall color. High urban environment adaptability.
39		x	x	x			x	1	Tree	Gleditsia triacanthos inermis 'Shademaster'	Shademaster Honeylocust	40'	40'	I	M	M	R	Late spring	Yellow	Green	Forage for larger mammals.	The City is requesting a reduction in the planting of new honeylocust trees due to a high concentration of this species. Fine textured foliage with soft yellow fall color. High urban environment adaptability.
40		x	x	x			x	1	Tree	Gleditsia triacanthos inermis 'Skyline'	Skyline Honeylocust	40'	40'	I	M	M	R	Late spring	Yellow	Green	Forage for larger mammals.	The City is requesting a reduction in the planting of new honeylocust trees due to a high concentration of this species. Seedless. High urban environment adaptability.
41		x	x	x	x			1	Tree	Juniperus monosperma	One Seed Juniper	30'	12'	I	I	I	S	Inconspicuous	Inconspicuous	Cone	Forage and cover.	Upright or rounded habits, scalelike leaves, highly drought tolerant and high native habitat value. Cones look like berries.
42		x	x	x	x			1	Tree	Juniperus osteosperma	Utah Juniper	20'	15'	I	L	L	S	Inconspicuous	Inconspicuous	Blue	Forage and cover.	Small tree, foliage & fruit important wildlife forage
43		x	x	x	x			1	Tree	Juniperus scopulorum	Rocky Mountain Juniper	20'	15'	I	M	L	S	Inconspicuous	Inconspicuous	Blue	Forage and cover.	Pyramidal to upright, exfoliating bark, Tolerant habitat value
44		x	x	x	x			2	Tree	Picea pungens	Colorado Blue Spruce	80'	30'	M	L	L	S	Inconspicuous	Inconspicuous	Cones	Forage and cover for birds.	Green to silvery blue, pyramidal, susceptible to bark beetles.
45	x	x	x		x			1	Cacti	Opuntia macrorhiza	Prickly Pear	5”	18”	I	M	M	S	Summer	Yellow	Pink, Red	Nectar & pollen for bees.	Many of these cacti are native to our region and vary depending on species.
46	x	x	x		x			1	Cacti	Yucca glauca	Plains Yucca	2’	4'	I	M	I	M	Late Spring, Summer	White flowers		Host plant for pronuba moth, habitat and forage for many small mammals, birds, and reptiles.	Very stout xeric plant. Flower stalks are 4-5' tall.
47	x	x	x			x		2	Forbs	Antennaria parvifolia	Small leaf Pussytoes	2”	6”	M	L	T	R	Spring Summer	White	Insignificant	Attracts and is larval host for painted lady butterfly.	Silvery gray foliage.
48	x	x	x					2	Forbs	Artemisia frigida	Fringed Sagebrush	12”		M	M	M	M	Summer	White	Insignificant	Deer, elk, pronghorn, bighorn sheep, and sagegrouse browse the foliage. Voles feed on roots and rhizomes. Pollen for bee; seed for birds.	One the most widely distributed of all the species of Artemisia. It is found throughout the northern hemisphere from boreal regions near the Arctic Circle to the cool season grasslands of Asia and North America.
49	x	x	x					2	Forbs	Artemisia ludoviciana	White Sagebrush	18”	18”	I	M	T	M	Early Spring	Yellow	Insignificant	Deer, elk, pronghorn, bighorn sheep, and sagegrouse browse the foliage. Voles feed on roots and rhizomes. Pollen for bee; seed for birds.	Prefers dry areas with sandy or rocky soils, and is frequently found near oaks and conifers.
50	x		x					3	Forbs	Asclepias speciosa	Showy Milkweed	30”	12”	I	I	T		Summer	Pink, white	Insignificant	Nectar & pollen for hummingbird, bee, butterfly; host plant for monarch larva.	Root cuttings can be taken in fall or early spring. Seeds may be sown outside in late fall or the following spring.
51	x	x	x					1	Forbs	Asclepias tuberosa	Butterfly Millkweed	18”	18”	I	I	T		Summer	Orange	Insignificant	Nectar & pollen for hummingbird, bee, butterfly; host plant for monarch larva	Attracts aphids; you can leave them for ladybugs, spray the insects and foliage with soapy water, or remove them by blasting the plant with a Tolerant pressure stream of water.
52	x	x	x						Forbs	Coreopsis tinctoria	Plains Coreopsis	2.5'-3'	2.5'-3'	I				Summer	Yellow			Laso known as Tickseed or Lanceleaf Coreopsis.
53	x	x	x					1	Forbs	Mentzelia decapetala	Ten Petal Blazing Star	28”	18”	I	L	L	M	Summer	White	Insignificant	Good pollinator plant (special value for native bees and bumble bees).	Very eye catching and brightly colored.
54	x	x	x			x		1	Forbs	Mirabilis multiflora	Colorado Four O’Clock	18”	48”	I	L	T	R	April - September	Magenta	Insignificant	Nectar for hawk moth; nectar for hummingbird.	Very vibrant colored tubular flowers. Good for erosion control. Can be mowed or cut low in late fall.
55	x	x	x					2	Forbs	Monarda fistulosa	Bee Balm, Wild Bergamot	24”	24”	M	I	I	M	Summer	Pink, fushia, red	Insignificant	Good pollinator plant, nectar for hummingbird.	Hardy pollinator plant, brilliant blooms and pleasantly fragrant. Prone to mildew in soils that aren't well aerated
56	x	x	x					1	Forbs	Oenothera caespitosa	White-tufted Evening Primrose	6”	12”	I	M	M	M	Summer	White	Insignificant	Nectar and host plant for hawk moth. Good pollinator plant (special value for native bees and bumble bees).	Sweet scent and excellent xeric interest.
57	x		x		x	x		3	Forbs	Paxistima canbyi	Mountain Lover	12"	4'	T			R	Spring - Summer	Green	Insignificant	Deer resistant, attracts beneficial insects.	Needs protection from winter sun and wind, great for shady spots under trees and peaking out of rock gardens. Grows well in alkaline soils.
58	x	x	x					1	Forbs	Penstemon secundiflorus	Sidebells Penstemon	20”	12”	I			M	Spring - Summer	Lavender, pink	Insignificant	Good pollinator plant (special value for native bees and bumble bees), nectar for hummingbird.	Good rock garden plant, prefers sandy-loamy soils.
59	x	x	x					2	Forbs	Penstemon strictus	Rocky Mountain Penstemon	30”	24”	M			M	Summer	Blue/purple	Insignificant	Good pollinator plant (special value for native bees and bumble bees), nectar for hummingbird.	Tolerates moisture but can thrive in xeric conditions. Grows well with sagebrush and conifers.
60	x	x	x					2	Forbs	Penstemon virens	Blue Mist Penstemon	12”	12”	I			M	Spring - Summer	Blue/purple	Insignificant	Good pollinator plant (special value for native bees and bumble bees).	Good for container and rock gardening. Grows well with sagebrush and conifers.
61	x	x	x					2	Forbs	Ratibida columnifera	Prairie Coneflower	18”	12”	I	L	T	M	Summer - Fall	Yellow	Insignificant	Good pollinator plant, nectar for hummingbird.	There are many varieties that are suitible for xeric gardens.
62	x	x	x					2	Forbs	Rudbeckia hirta	Black-eyed Susan	24”	7”	I	I	M	R	Summer	Yellow	Insignificant	Good pollinator plant, nectar for hummingbird.	Blooms last longer with a bit of shade. Can be aggressive if in the right conditions.
63	x		x					3	Forbs	Salvia azurea	Pitcher Sage	36”	36”	I	I	M	R	Summer	Blue/purple	Insignificant	Good for pollinators (special value for native bees and bumble bees), deer resistant.	Two-lipped flowers in spike like clusters.
64	x		x					2	Forbs	Solidago altissima	Rocky Mountain Goldenrod	6" - 12"	6" - 12"	I	I	T	R	Late Spring, Wearly Summer	Yellow	Insignificant	Good for pollinators. Deer resistant.	Performs well in many landscapes. Many other species of solidago are acceptable for our region. Please check exact cultivars/varieties for adaptability.
65	x		x					2	Forbs	Solidago multtiradiata	Dwarf Goldenrod	6" - 12"	6" - 12"	M	M	T	R	Summer	Yellow	Insignificant	Good for pollinators. Deer resistant.	Many other species of solidago are acceptable for our region. Please check exact cultivars/varieties for adaptability.
66	x		x					3	Forbs	Solidago nana	Giant Goldenrod	5'		M	I	T	R	Late Summer	Yellow	Insignificant	Good for pollinators.	This variety tolerates wet conditions but may also survive in drought conditions. Many other species of solidago are acceptable for our region. Please check exact cultivars/varieties for adaptability.
67	x	x	x					1	Forbs	Sphaeralcea coccinea	Scarlet Globemallow	10”	10”	I	M	M	R	Summer	Red/orange	Insignificant	Palatable for deer and pronghorn. Good pollinator plant (special value for native bees and bumble bees).	Flowers have a green a yellow center creates a lovely contrast of color.
68	x		x			x		4	Forbs	Veronica america	American Speedwell			T				Late Spring, Early Summer, Mid-Summer	Light purple		Attracts pollinators.	Also known as American Brooklime. Good for use around water features or for riparian habitat restoration.
69	x	x	x			x		1	Forbs	Zinnia grandiflora	Plains Zinnia	4-8"	12-15"	M	M	T		Summer	Yellow		Butterflies, moths, syrphid flys, bees	Highly heat and drought tolerant. Complements rock gardens well.
70	x		x			x		3	Grass	Pascopyrum smithii	Western wheatgrass	36"	18"	T	U	U	M	Summer	Silver, blue, green	Seed	Seed for birds and small mammals. Palatable to elk.	Tolerates saline soils, flooding, and a fair amount of silt deposition. Very cold hardy.
71	x	x	x					1	Grass	Schizachyrium scoparium	Little Bluestem	24"	40"	I	I	M	R	Summer	Blue green, hints of red	Seed	Seed for birds; host plant for /skipper.	Bunch grass that withstands many harsh environmental conditions. Good winter interest.
72	x	x	x			x		1	Grass	Sporobolus heterolepis	Prairie Dropseed	30"	24"								Forage for rabbits.	Ornamental mounding grass. Can be cut to the ground in the spring.
73	x		x					4	Shrub	Alnus incana	Thin Leaf Alder	15-40’	15-40’	M				Spring	Purple-red catkins	Cone	Food and cover for birds and small mammals.	Fixes Nitrogen to soil, flood tolerant, high water use.
74	x	x	x					2	Shrub	Amelanchier alnifolia	Saskatoon Serviceberry	4’-15’	6’-8’	M	L	T	R	Mid Spring	White	Red berry	Food and cover for birds.
75	x	x	x					2	Shrub	Amelanchier canadensis	Shadblow Serviceberry	25’-30’	15’-20’	M				Mid Spring	White
76	x	x	x					1	Shrub	Amelanchier utahensis	Utah Serviceberry	12'	12'	I				Mid Spring, Late Spring	White
77	x	x	x					1	Shrub	Amorpha canescens	Leadplant	3’-6’	4'	T	L	T	M	Summer	Purple	Insignificant	Nectar & pollen for bee.	Silvergray foliage, fine texture
78	x	x	x					1	Shrub	Arctostaphylos uva-ursi	Kinnikinnick	6”-12”	15’	M				Mid Spring, Late Spring, Early Summer	Insignificant
79	x	x	x					1	Shrub	Artemisia cana	Silver Sagebrush	1’-3’	3'	M	L	T	M	Summer, Fall	Yellow	Insignificant	Deer, elk, pronghorn, bighorn sheep, and sagegrouse browse the foliage. Voles feed on roots and rhizomes. Pollen for bee; seed for birds.	Stiff, upright branches, slender gray leaves, native of Colorado mountain meadows
80	x	x	x					1	Shrub	Artemisia filifolia	Sand Sagebrush	5'	3'	M				Late Summer, Early Fall, Mid Fall, Late Fall, Early Winter	Insignificant
81	x	x	x					2	Shrub	Artemisia tridenta	Big Sagebrush Western Sagebrush	2' - 6'	2' - 6'	M	M	T	M	AugSept	Yellow	Yes, brown	Deer, elk, pronghorn, bighorn sheep, and sagegrouse browse the foliage. Voles feed on roots and rhizomes. Pollen for bee; seed for birds.	Silver, aromatic foliage; bark shreds with age, native. Check specific cultivars/varieties for differences in size and appearance.
82	x	x	x					1	Shrub	Atriplex canescens	Four-winged Saltbush	6’-12’	3-6’	T	T	L		Early Spring-Late Fall	Insignificant	Yes, four winged fruit on female plants,	Important as wildlife cover and food plants. Fruitmammals, Fruitbirds, Nectarbees, Nectarinsects.	Gray green leaves, upright spreading form, tolerates alkaline, salty, and dry soil. Can be difficult to eradicate, but is excellent for erosion control. Survives well on dry, rocky limestone soils
83	x	x	x					1	Shrub	Cercocarpus intricatus	Littleleaf Mountain Mahogany	6'	5'	I	M	U	M	Mid-Spring	Silver green leaves, pale yellow inflorescence	Red or yellow	Excellent habitat value and forage for wildlife.	Can sometimes grow into more of a tree form. Nitrogen fixing.
84	x	x	x		x			1	Shrub	Cercocarpus ledifolius	Curl-leaf Mountain Mahogany	20"	12"	M	I	M	M	Apr – May	Creamy Yellow	Insignificant	Forage and cover for deer, pronghorn, small wildlife and birds.	Large shrub or small upright tree, evergreen foliage, seeds with twisted, feathery tails; foothills native
85	x	x	x		x			1	Shrub	Cercocarpus montanus	Alderleaf Mountain Mahogany	8'	6'	I	I	M	M	Apr – May	Yellow Green	Insignificant	Forage and cover for deer, pronghorn, small wildlife and birds.	Large shrub or small upright tree, evergreen foliage, seeds
86	x	x	x					1	Shrub	Chrysothamnus nauseosus	Rubber Rabbitbrush	4-6'	4-6'	M				Late Summer	Yellow
87	x	x	x					1	Shrub	Chrysothamnus nauseosus ssp. nauseosus	Dwarf Blue Rabbitbrush	4'	4'	M				Fall	Yellow
88	x	x	x					1	Shrub	Chrysothamnus spp.	Rabbitbrush (multiple varieties/cultivars)	6"	6"	I	M	I	M	Aug Sep	Yellow	Insignificant	Forage and cover for deer, small wildlife and birds.	Some varieties/cultivars may not be fully native, but are likely well adapted to our region.
89	x	x	x					1	Shrub	Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus	Yellow Rabbitbrush	5'	5'	M	M	I	M	Late Summer, Early Fall, Mid Fall	Yellow	Insignificant	Forage and cover for deer, small wildlife and birds.	Open, rounded form, green to white stems, silvery green leaves, reseeds. Size greatly depends on variety.
90	x	x	x					2	Shrub	Cornus sericea	Redosier / Red Twig Dogwood	6-8'	6-8'	M				Spring to Summer	White
91	x	x	x					2	Shrub	Crataegus erythropoda	Shiny-leaved Hawthorn	10-20'	8-15'	I				Spring	White
92	x	x	x					2	Shrub	Ephedra americana	Jointfir	4'	3'	M				Late Spring, Early Summer	Light Yellow
93	x	x	x					1	Shrub	Ephedra viridis	Mormon Tea	4’-6’	4’-6’	M				Early Spring	Insignificant
94	x	x	x					1	Shrub	Forestiera neomexicana	New Mexico Privet	8’-12’	6’-8’	M				Mid Spring – Late Spring	Insignificant
95	x	x	x					1	Shrub	Mahonia aquifolium	Compact Oregon Grape Holly	6’	6’	M				Spring	Yellow
96	x	x	x		x	x		1	Shrub	Mahonia repens	Oregon Grape, Creeping Mahonia, Creeping Grape Holly	1’-2’	3’	T			M	N/A	Yellow; Blue/Green/Purple	Dark blue berries	Year-round ground cover.	Creeping shrub with holly-like leaves that can sometimes turn purple in the winter. Good for erosion control. Bright yellow flowers.
97	x	x	x					1	Shrub	Philadelphus lewisii	Mock Orange	7'	6'	M				Late Spring, Early Summer	White
98	x	x	x					1	Shrub	Philadelphus microphyllus	Little-leaf Mockorange	4’-6’	4’-6’	I				Late Spring, Early Summer	White
99	x	x	x					1	Shrub	Physocarpus monogynus	Mountain Ninebark	4'	4'	M				Spring	White
100	x	x	x					1	Shrub	Physocarpus opulifolius	Ninebark	6'	4'	M				Late Spring, Early Summer	Light Pink, White