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1 | Stakeholders E-Consultation: Inputs to Interactive Dialogue - Addressing Marine Pollution | ||||||||||||||
2 | This file compiles inputs from from non-governmental organizations, civil society organizations, academic institutions, the scientific community, the private sector, philanthropic organizations, major groups and other stakeholders on elements for the concept papers of the 2020 UN Ocean Conference interactive dialogues. Outcomes may contain advice, opinions and statements of various information providers. The United Nations does not represent or endorse the accuracy or reliability of any advice, opinion, statement or other information provided through this e-consultation. Our office reserves the right to delete any content/input that is not aligned with the United Nations Charter and/or the principles and purposes of the 2020 United Nations Conference to support the implementation of Sustainable Development Goal 14. | ||||||||||||||
3 | Timestamp | Name | Name of Organization | Country | What are the main challenges and opportunities related to addressing marine pollution? | What measures should be promoted to address current gaps and challenges related to marine pollution and in scaling up ocean action based on science and innovation? | Please, list examples of impactful existing partnerships related to marine pollution , especially scientific and technological innovation-based partnerships. | Please, list key recommendations for addressing marine pollution that could be discussed during this interactive dialogue. | Sector | ||||||
4 | 3/2/2020 19:30:10 | Mario Marques Cabral | Universidade Nacional Timor Lorosa'e (UNTL) | Timor-Leste | The main challenges are 1) lack of government's institutional capacity to set up an Integrated Environmental Management Program (IEMP) to address the marine debris; and 2) lack of public awareness (Information, Communication, and Education (IEC) system campaigning that being lead by government. The opportunities are 1) engage private sectors through Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) mechanisms to address the marine pollution issues and create the window of opportunities for blue economy development; 2) Set up a national database system for monitoring and evaluation to the IEMP in specific coastal areas as a pilot project and then when it has been successful to be scaling up to others. | The IEMP mananagement effectiveness tracking tool (the score of 5 components in addessing the context, input, process, output, and outcome) as a modification tool of Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool (METT) analysis should be applied with the combination of Marine Spatial Plannning (MSP). | Mailing list to open channel on Sustainable Ocean Management and Concervation at www.openchannels.org and at marinedebris@list.openchannels.org. These both mailing lists are good example for the scientific and techonological innovation-based partnerships. | 1) engagement of private sector to handle the zero plastic policy; 2) garbage bank project initiative to be organized by the school (elementary, junior and senior high school) that will be facilitated by government and private sector; 3)set up the scientific and technological innovation-based partnerships coordination mechanisms. | Academic institution | ||||||
5 | 3/4/2020 11:03:35 | Linda Witong Abrahm | Soroptimist International | USA | The biggest man-made threat to ocean health appears to be carbon pollution. Plastic is also of serious concern regarding the pollution of our oceans.The Ellen MacArthur Foundation predicts that by weight, there will be more plastic than fish in the ocean by 2050. Another major source of ocean pollution continues to come from the runoff of fertilizers used in agriculture which are carried down rivers and into the ocean.Industrial pollutants such as heavy metals and mercury from coal power plants and even banned chemicals such as PCB's also continue to affect marine life. Additional threats of pollution include marine transport as well as an increase in deep-sea bed mining exploration and offshore oil and gas exploration. Finally, unique regulatory challenges exist as pollution may begin in one jurisdiction and thereafter affect countries thousands of miles away.In 2018, the ocean was also the least prioritized by all major companies of all the SDG’s. | Political will, social inclusion which includes women and girls in international, regional and local cooperation, ocean science funding and effective strategies and management to combat the adverse effects of pollution are urgently needed. We met also fill the gaps in monitoring progress toward sustainability and build bridges between research and policymaking and improve legal frameworks for the regulation of pollution. It has also been observed that banning single-use plastic bags and straws without significant further action is putting a finger on a spigot at a time when we need to suppress the tidal wave. We also need a wider array of smart public policies, a recycling infrastructure that’s right-sized for the problem, better recycling technology and new business models which invest in redesigning plastics so that they can be readily broken down into their molecular units and remanufactured into new environmentally friendly and sustainable product of the same quality. | E.g.Action on Plastics 7 Ocean Blueprint (the Charlevoix Declaration);The Ocean Cleanup’s System 001;LOLIWARE;Sustainability Cloud;ETAC;OceanX,Volvo Ocean Race Ocean Plastics Sustainability Education Programme;UN Environment’s #CleanSeas campaign. Establishing marine parks to protect biodiversity. | We should recommend that States adopt the political will to include women and girls in their international, regional and local cooperation, ocean science funding and effective strategies and management to combat the adverse effects of pollution. Women and girls must also be educated and trained in order to assist in filling the gaps in monitoring progress toward sustainability and in building bridges between research and policymaking. Women and girls participation is also necessary when discussing any improvement in the legal frameworks for the regulation of pollution. We must also enable women and girls to participate in creating a wider and more inclusive array of smart public policies, recycling infrastructure that’s right-sized for the problem, better recycling technology and new business models which invest in redesigning plastics to be a environmentally friendly and sustainable product of the same quality. | Civil society organization | ||||||
6 | 3/9/2020 4:43:11 | Haaziq Kazi | Ervis Foundations | Dubai | The main challenges and opportunities related to addressing marine pollution are as follows: The major cause of marine pollution is land-based activities leading to marine debris and nutrient pollution. Additionally, most of the plastic waste dumped by the general population ends up in the oceans, thereby polluting them. There is a severe lack of awareness among people about the gravity of this issue. Moreover, the lack of proper resources to address marine pollution further hampers the health of oceans. We can take measures to monitor this concern. | The key measures that can be promoted to address current gaps and challenges related to marine pollution and in scaling up ocean action are as follows: • Spread awareness via workshops, seminars and engaging people with innovative activities that can help mitigate the plastic debt and bring about changes towards addressing the concern of plastic pollution. • Provide a platform and resources to implement proposals and ideas proposed by the participants in the workshops and activities to address this issue. • Promote distribution of daily use products made from plastic-free material like wooden stand toothbrushes, wooden combs, etc. | - | During the interactive dialogue Ervis would recommend to discuss about the technology, and efficient mechanisms that can be employed to design a ship for cleaning up the ocean waste. | Non Government Organisation | ||||||
7 | 3/9/2020 10:53:58 | John Duncan | WWF | Switzerland | The current global governance structure pertaining to marine plastic pollution is fragmented and ineffective. Currently, there is no dedicated international treaty in place to specifically and comprehensively tackle marine plastic pollution. Globally, there is a growing demand for low-cost and disposable/single-use products, because the price of plastic does not currently represent its full life cycle costs to nature and society, producers are not currently incentivised to design resource-efficient (reusable/recyclable) products that enable effective circular end-of-life solutions for plastic packaging 60% of ocean plastic waste is thought to leak from just 6 countries in Asia (China, Indonesia, Philippines, Vietnam, Sri Lanka and Thailand). To date, waste management systems in this region have not been able to keep pace with the rapid economic development of many Southeast Asian countries. | A more coherent, integrated and targeted global response is needed which enables the reduction of plastic used globally and the ultimate achievement of zero discharge of plastic into the marine environment through the establishment of national reduction targets, monitoring requirements and global standards. As few as 100 companies have the potential to prevent 10 million metric tons of the world’s plastic waste annually. Many multinational companies have announced ambitious targets around plastic pollution but lack the mechanisms to turn these commitments into meaningful, measurable, and transparent action to address the plastic waste crisis. Support key South East Asian cities to pilot effective waste management systems which include improving policy and governance interventions, establishment of local collection, sorting and recycling systems, the scaling of entrepreneurial private sector solutions, consumer awareness campaigns and the establishment of monitoring programs | WWF’s ReSource: Plastic action (https://resource-plastic.com/) hub is working to turn corporate commitments on plastic pollution into meaningful, measurable, and transparent action to address the plastic waste crisis. ReSource: Plastic enables companies to quantify their global plastic footprints (how much of their products, packaging, and supply chain materials are estimated to be contributing to plastic pollution), track how company actions and interventions have changed this footprint over time and led to tangible progress against their commitments. WWF has developed a global Plastic Smart Cities platform (https://plasticsmartcities.org/) to share the learnings from these pilot cities and showcase the growing range of best-practice solutions for cities to address marine litter with the aim of starting a global movement of cities committed to becoming Plastic Smart. | A more coherent, integrated and targeted global response which enables the reduction of plastic used globally and the ultimate achievement of zero discharge of plastic into the marine environment through the establishment of national reduction targets, monitoring requirements and global standards. | Civil society organization | ||||||
8 | 3/11/2020 0:22:22 | Marina Orruela Monteoliva | United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Multi-Country Office for Cook Islands, Niue, Samoa and Tokelau | Cook Islands, Niue, Samoa and Tokelau | SIDS contend with ocean-borne plastic debris carried to shores by currents. As large ocean states with limited land surface, disposed waste is easily washed ashore in the absence of adequate waste management of land-based sources. The majority of Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs) have outpaced their capacity to duly manage waste and pollution, posing a serious threat to the sustainable development of the Pacific region, second only to climate change. Small size and remoteness of SIDS prevent economies of scale for investments on appropriate waste disposal facilities and recycling infrastructure, all of which deter waste segregation and recycling while inhibiting access to affordable alternatives to plastic. | Measures range from a conducive policy environment and multi-stakeholder cooperation to low-cost infrastructure and impact entrepreneurship opportunities in waste management. Informed policy based on science is fundamental to ensure efforts combatting marine pollution are enabled. Without this, it is nearly impossible to catalyse change. Taking a multi-stakeholder approach is an important mechanism to mobilize and leverage knowledge, expertise, technologies and innovative finance to support the acceleration of ocean action. With Pacific islanders standing as custodians of the world's largests and most abundant ocean, embracing Pacific regionalism is key to channel national efforts to address this global challenge. By addressing both of these, impact entrepreneurship and investment opportunities to reduce marine pollution can thrive whilst providing sustainable livelihoods. | UNDP's Ocean Innovation Challenge is a unique mechanism that has been designed to bring multidisciplinary stakeholders together to accelerate progress on SDG 14. A series of 'ocean challenges' (i.e., requests for proposals) are issued to address the greatest problems threatening ocean health, with the first call being on innovative solutions to reduce plastic and nutrient pollution. Plastic Bank's Social Plastic Ecosystem Model is the perfect example of a global-scale, multi-stakeholder partnership (from local communities to multinational corporations such as SC Johnson and Henkel). The aim is to create recycling infrastructure on a massive scale, whereby livelihoods are created from plastic waste collection in exchange of digital savings and rewards. In partnership with MNCs, plastic waste is recycled into 100% Social Plastic bottles/containers for their product packaging, keeping plastic in a circular economy to prevent it from entering marine ecosystems. | Understanding individual country and/or regional contexts is key to ensure that a particular solution to marine pollution can be transferred and upscaled. In SIDS, where waste disposal and recycling infrastructure is often underdeveloped, long-distance shipping, low trade volumes and inherently extreme trade imbalances where imports significantly outweigh exports, implying costly container repositioning, increase the cost of exporting recyclable waste to foreign recycling facilities. As a growing number of countries refuse to be a dumping ground for imported waste, current restrictions to waste trade act as a catalyst for change, giving SIDS no choice bu to explore circular opportunities for domestic/regional waste management. Therefore, it is fundamental to explore low-cost, low maintenance, replicable and scalable technologies to combat this is issue locally. | International Organization | ||||||
9 | 3/11/2020 6:46:42 | Dongmo Paul Lodry | African Network of Young Leaders for Peace and Sustainable Development | Cameroon | legilations on waste management, sharing best practices widely, empowerment the local population on waste management. education and sensitization on marine pollution for the stakesholders | education and sensitization on marine pollution for the stakesholders and advocacies | adressing marine pollution through youth education and advocacies, global/regional/national coalition against marine pollution, technologies sharing for better waste management; Blue entrepreneuship for the empowerment of youth actions on fighting against marine pollution | Civil society organization | |||||||
10 | 3/12/2020 10:24:25 | Evonne Yiu | United Nations University for the Advanced Study of Sustainability (UNU-IAS) | Singapore | Since 80% of marine pollution are from land-based sources and activities, it is important recognize the pollutant sources on land and incorporate on the land-sea connectivity perspective in marine pollution discussions. | Holistic approaches, such as "ridge-to-ridge approaches", "watershed management","integrated landscape approaches", "integrated coastal zone management" etc, that stress on land-sea connectivity and recognizes Nature as a whole, as connected ecosystems rather than ecological sectorization. | The International Satoyama Initiative (ISI), in which UNU-IAS hosts the Secretariat of its International Partnership for Satoyama Initiative (IPSI), promotes the study of worldwide experiences on sustainable use of marine resources for biodiversity conservation. Central to the Satoyama and Satoumi (socio-ecological production landscapes and seascapes: SEPLS) concept of IPSI is the emphasis of the interconnectedness and linkages of terrestrial and marine environments or “Ridge to Reef” approach to management of nature. Since its establishment in 2010, the IPSI has thus far gathered over 180 case study experiences of 258 member organizations from about 70 countries. | 1. Engage upstream and land-based stakeholders on land - eg. forestry, agriculture, water, mining, tourism, industrial production, transport, infrastructure - to have an interest and play a role in the conservation of marine ecosystems, by producing and managing their sector waste more effectively. 2. Work with indigenous peoples and local communities to promote sustainable production and consumption,in particular reducing marine waste along coastal areas. | UN Organization | ||||||
11 | 3/12/2020 17:12:25 | Carter Ries | One More Generation (OMG) | USA | Marine pollution continues to grow unabated, yet as a society we are neglecting to educate the next generation of leaders about the problem, not to mention how they too can start being the solution. Environmental education needs to be mandatory in all schools globally starting in elementary schools and continuing through to college. | As a co-founder (along with my sister) of a global NGO called One More Generation (OMG), we have been working in this space ever since the BP Gulf oil spill in 2010. It was while helping with the animal rescue efforts in the Gulf, they we learned first-hand how plastic pollution affects every creature in our ocean. We spent five months educating ourselves on the issue and then hired two teachers and a retired principal and authored an award-winning Plastic and Recycling Awareness Curriculum for K-6 graders. Now our curriculum is being evaluated by the head of the EPA (Administrator Wheeler) for consideration as part of the EPA's National Standardized Recycling Scheme and is being expanded to include 7-12 graders. If we don't arm our youth with the knowledge of the problem and give them the guidelines to forging solutions... we will never truly address Marine Pollution | Here is a link to our award-winning curriculum which is now available Nationwide in the US and is being reviewed by several countries: http://onemoregeneration.org/educational-program-info/ We also created the global OneLessStraw Campaign which further demonstrates how educating our youth can have global implications: https://onelessstraw.org/ The success of our campaign has even sparked the interest and support from several Fortune 100 companies such as Hilton Hotels Worldwide, Delta Air Lines, Red Lobster Restaurants, and Coca-Cola | We need to ask ourselves, "What are we doing to educate the next generation of leaders?", "What tools are we providing them?", "Are we preparing our youth for success when it comes to addressing Marine Pollution, or continued failure?" My sister and I are proof that when youth are allowed to be included in global issues such as Marine Pollution, today's youth is willing and able to be part of the solution. | NGO | ||||||
12 | 3/13/2020 6:06:28 | Atef Soliman | Gatef organization | Egypt | Non-cooperation, local laws, and government restrictions | Conservation and sustainable use of oceans, seas and marine resources Oceans, seas and coastal areas provide the world with many commodities for human well-being and global food security. | I will be sending you soon | Sustainable Development Goals Oceans cover more than 70% of the globe and are the source of food and income for more than 10% of the world's population. Pollution and climate change continue to have a major impact on the oceans. Countries work together to protect the marine environment from their impacts and achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 14, which calls for the conservation and sustainable use of oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development. | Civil society organization | ||||||
13 | 3/13/2020 9:51:15 | Janice Cox | World Animal Net | South Africa | Intensive agriculture, including both livestock and aquaculture, is a key source of ocean pollution. Studies using satellite imagery have shown direct evidence that large-scale coastal farming is linked to eutrophication and massive algal blooms in the ocean, with the effects of marine nitrogen pollution becoming extremely widespread and severe as a consequence of the global expansion of industrialized agriculture. Algal blooms can be dangerous to humans and marine species. As the algae dies, bacterial decomposition uses the water’s oxygen, leading to hypoxic and dead zones. The largest recorded dead zone in the Gulf of Mexico is around the size of New Jersey. It is fed by the Mississippi River, which transports pollution from agricultural operations in the Midwestern U.S. to the Gulf. Sea-based aquaculture also has a significant detrimental impact – by fish waste and food spills causing nutrient pollution, eutrophication,hypoxia, and antibiotics or pesticides used on farmed fish. | >Accepting planetary boundaries and a comprehensive circular economy. > Policy must focus on precautionary solutions, effective regulation and taxation of unsustainable practices. >Agricultural corporations to be held responsible for their environmental impacts. > Measures should include action to ensure that products reflect the full costs of production, including fees for any allowable resource usage and wastes and disincentives/penalties for deleterious actions. >Food policy and agricultural strategies must be reviewed and strengthened in order to move away from polluting and unsustainable foods and towards healthier and more environmentally-friendly options. These should be supported by best practice promotion; education and awareness for consumers, including informative product labelling; and retargeting incentives and support towards agro-ecological production. | Address major causes of marine pollution through transformative policy change. > Policy must focus on precautionary solutions, effective regulation and taxation of unsustainable practices. >Agricultural corporations to be held responsible for their environmental impacts. > Measures should include action to ensure that products reflect the full costs of production, including fees for any allowable resource usage and wastes and disincentives/penalties for deleterious actions. >Food policy and agricultural strategies must be reviewed and strengthened in order to move away from polluting and unsustainable foods and towards healthier and more environmentally-friendly options. These should be supported by best practice promotion; education and awareness for consumers, including informative product labelling; and retargeting incentives and support towards agro-ecological production. | Civil society organization | |||||||
14 | 3/13/2020 17:54:41 | Cees van de Guchte | Deltares | Nederland | pallistics, nutrients, sediments, and directed related to fresh water and land activities | alse aspects of Source to Science items and agendas, over more SDGs next then only SDG14 | lake to more various impacts form other SDGs en next to SDG14 | yes, will report variuos aspects in documents and discussiouns for June 2020 | Academic institution | ||||||
15 | 3/14/2020 9:20:21 | André Beirão | Brazilian Naval War College | Brazil | How to assure jurisdiction on the high seas (on behalf of Falg State) to prevents or pursuits marine pollution when it is suddenly found? | UNCLOS prescribe some possibilities of jurisdiction at high seas, but marine pollution is not in one of them. Nowadays it’s on construction a new convention (BBNJ). It can include a NEW CASE OF JURISDICTION : in case of evidently marine pollution or with damages for costal states. | The recent case of oil pollution on Brazilian beach’s, over 2000km, probably from a marine case out of costal jurisdiction. What can be done? It’s an illustrative case of international case that would be addressed by this think about. | To include other possibilities of jurisdictions on articles 27 and 28 of UNCLOS | Academic institution | ||||||
16 | 3/15/2020 2:41:00 | Linus Ayangwoh Embe | ASSOCIATION FOR COMMUNITY AWARENESS (ASCOA) | Cameroon | Gaps identified in the area relevant to the topic • dependency on plastic products • little or no waste separation • little or no waste collection • little or no waste recycling • little or no sanctions in place for corporate environmental crimes | Association for Community Awareness(ASCOA)’s ocean clean-up event will take place for the third year in 2020, carried out by the members of ASCOA Cameroon, +350 volunteers and some representatives of HYSACAM. This goal is measured by usage of the Clean Swell APP, which tracks the number of items collected and transmits data instantly to the global ocean trash database created by US-American environmental organization, Ocean Conservancy. Furthermore, trash is carted away by HYSACAM’s trucks, each being able to store ten tons of trash so that the number of trucks filled gives an estimate of the scale and scope of beach littering at Down Beach Limbe. This way, we want to reduce the effect of marine littering on maritime animals and plants. ASCOA`s 2019 beach cleanup in Cameroon. 1)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vCHz28c3zKs&list=PLDDclCOExFV45jJ6N8ze2BF9KAqCRjWll&index=4&t=1120s 2) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QYIJb2O-KTg&list=PLDDclCOExFV45jJ6N8ze2BF9KAqCRjWll&index=10 | Existing partnerships • Green Earth Environmental • Clean Cameroon • Africa United Foundation • Ocean Conservancy https://oceanconservancy.org • Earth Day Network https://www.earthday.org/ • the Pollination Project https://thepollinationproject.org/ • Clean up the world https://www.worldcleanupday.org/ Possible areas for new partnerships • Collaboration with corporations, labor unions, community leaders • Collaboration with kindergarten, schools, universities • Collaboration with psychologists and marketing experts • Collaboration with spatial planning related authorities and offices • Collaboration with policymakers, lawmakers, lobbyists • Collaboration with monitoring organizations, the press | (1) Going native. Partnering up with and supporting regional SMEs that provide goods and services that were produced, transported, and sold under environmentally friendly conditions. (2) Raising awareness. Educating individuals and firms on the benefits of refraining from poor waste management practices and offering alternative courses of action at an affordable price for the health of the environment and human beings. (3) Petition. Paving the way for allowing a certain number of private waste companies to take on the task of waste collection, recycling, and storing, which have the capital to invest in sustainable interventions. (4) Reporting misconduct. Increasing consumer protection by spreading information on corporate environmental crimes among the population to give them a chance to act on it. | Civil society organization | ||||||
17 | 3/15/2020 10:46:55 | Dr.(Mrs) Kalpana Chaudhari | Institute for Sustainable Development and Research ,ISDR, India. | India | Marine Governance, Knowledge and Data on Marine Pollution, Awareness on Marine Pollution, Marine Education, Global partnership ,marine data management | Training Programs on Marine Knowledge, Awareness raising programs on Marine Pollution, Scientific information centers on Marine science, Global partnership. | Ocean Knowledge Action Networks. | Knowledge centers on Marine Pollution, Effective Governance in Marine sector, Public private partnership for marine education. | Civil society organization | ||||||
18 | 3/16/2020 9:08:51 | Christopher Underwood | ICOMOS-International Committee on the Underwater Cultiral Heritage | France | From a cultural heritage perspective there is risk of pollution from historic shipwrecks, mining waste and other land-based sources that drain into the rivers, seas and oceans. | The cultural heritage community can partner with marine stakeholders to improve the understanding of the extent and character of the risk, help identify historic and archaeological sites through various sources, monitor them, and contribute to the development of mitigation strategies. | Cultural heritage scientists are monitoring sites and developing corrosion studies to better inform the management of underwater cultural heritage. Refer to the Pan-European project SASMAP http://sasmap.eu Cultural heritage is also involved in marine litter clean-up projects. See Marelitt https://www.marelittbaltic.eu | Increase research to improve the understanding of the sources of marine pollution resulting from historic processes, such as historic shipwrecks, mining waste and other land-based sources. Form partnerships with government agencies, marine sciences, naval (military & merchant), marine engineering, fishing industry, and other relevant marine stakeholders to address the issues mentioned above. | Civil society organization | ||||||
19 | 3/16/2020 11:05:18 | Christina Dixon | EIA (on behalf of Break Free from Plastic) | United Kingdom | - Exponential plastic production with limited capacity to sustainably manage waste trade in waste (both illegal and legal) undermining regulatory efforts and leading to the dumping of waste in countries ill-equipped to handle it - Impact of marine plastic pollution on climate change (specifically weakening the role of plankton and microbacteria as carbon sinks) - The existing regulatory framework is fragmented and insufficient. The lack of a consolidated international legal framework means geographic and jurisdictional gaps in regulation are widespread and complex - Countries receiving plastic waste dumping are blamed for marine plastic pollution; this flawed narrative results in misguided action (focusing on strengthening plastic waste disposal capacity in those countries, rather than considering the global plastics economy) | - Global governance instrument to manage the full life cycle of plastics from production to disposal - In waste management, emphasis on plastic prevention and reuse, rather than approaches lower down the waste hierarchy - Bans/phase-outs on plastics that are not collectable (including but not limited to microbeads) and likely to end up as marine pollution - Caps on virgin plastic production: Reduce plastic production by 2025, through the mainstreaming of zero-waste strategies - Taxes on plastic packaging and virgin plastic - Minimum required recycled content% content of recyclates in new plastic products, while ensuring those recyclates are free from toxic substances/additives - Ban on global dumping of plastic trade of waste into developing countries - Binding, eco-modulated EPR to ensure producers take responsibility for the products they are putting on the market | - #BreakFreeFromPlastic movement: civil society coalition working to tackle plastic pollution across its lifecycle & prevent it at source. Zero Waste Cities work conducted in partnership with local government. https://www.breakfreefromplastic.org/ - Global Ghost Gear Initiative: multi-stakeholder platform addressing Abandoned, Lost and Otherwise Discarded Fishing Gear. https://www.ghostgear.org/ - Rise Up Blue Call for action: international marine NGOs, indigenous communities, civil society and philanthropic organisations recently launched a joint call for global ocean action https://www.riseupfortheocean.org/ | Adopt an international binding agreement to significantly reduce nutrient, sediment, plastic and chemical pollution of the ocean by industry, agriculture, waste management and sewage. Fundamentally; - The 2020 UNOC declaration should support the call for a new, legally binding international treaty on plastics, and urge UNEA-5 to establish a working group to negotiate its mandate in 2021. - The 2020 UNOC should urge the global community to ratify, implement and enforce existing measures designed to address the growing threat of plastic pollution and plastic waste dumping in developing countries. Such measures include, but are not limited to, the Basel Convention, the IMO Action Plan to Address Marine Plastic Litter from Ships, the FAO Voluntary Guidelines for the Marking of Fishing Gear, the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, the Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management (SAICM), the Bamako Convention, and several national and regional action plans. | Civil society organization | ||||||
20 | 3/16/2020 11:15:21 | Fabienne McLellan | OceanCare | Switzerland | * Underwater noise poses a serious threat to marine biodiversity, affecting the whole marine food web with implications also for human livelihoods and food security. Across the world, ocean noise is now undermining efforts to achieve healthy, sustainable oceans and restore fish stocks, with serious implications for human livelihoods and food security. * Currently, actions relating to SDG14.1, whether at international, regional national level have placed limited, if any, emphasis on ocean noise. Under the UNCLOS definition of pollution it is clear that ocean noise fits into this definition as ‘energy’. Therefore, ocean noise must be recognised and tackled as a serious form of marine pollution issue to be addressed under SDG14.1. * Considering that SDG14.4 demands that measures be taken to restore fish stocks in the shortest time feasible, it is crucial to consider how ocean noise might undermine these efforts, particularly since noise can impact marine life over great distances. | * Recognise ocean noise as a form of marine pollution under SDG14.1. * Reducing Ocean Noise, especially generated by the hydrocarbon industry and shipping sector, at the same time contributes to the reduction of CO2 emissions and contributes towards reaching targets set out in SDG13 and SDG14. * Immediate ban on all new offshore oil and gas exploration and production, and negotiate a binding phase-out of current offshore oil and gas extraction. * End all harmful subsidies for fossil fuel, oil and gas drilling, plastic production, and detrimental fishing and agricultural practices. * Promote speed reduction for shipping as an operational management measure in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, ocean noise pollution, as well as ship collisions with cetacean species. * Embed the development and production of new renewable ocean-energy into precautionary marine spatial planning processes, accompanied by robust and comprehensive environmental impact assessments prior to approval. | * We promote ocean protection measures from noise pollution within various intergovernmental forums including the UNGA, the UN Fish Stock Agreement, within the Convention on Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS) and its regional daughter Agreements (ASCOBANS and ACCOBAMS), the Food and Agriculture Organization - Committee on Fisheries (COFI), the General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM), UNEP/MAP, the International Whaling Commission (IWC) and the European Union, as well as within numerous issue specific Working Groups and Agreements. * 2 specific examples of an impactful partnership, underpinned by a participatory approach in bridging science and policy-making: 1) the FishForum 2018 by the FAO/GFCM which was attended by more than 450 participants and 20 organisations, including OceanCare. It was the first event of its kind in the Mediterranean and Black Sea region and encompassed oceanographic, social science and economic perspectives on fisheries research and furthering the science-policy interface. 2) The Workshop on “Anthropogenic Underwater Noise and impacts on fish, invertebrates and fish resources”, co-organised by GFCM and OceanCare in 2019. | *Progress a global strategy to reverse the trend of rising ocean noise levels. *Incorporate transboundary pollution into the new international legally binding instrument on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of ABNT under UNCLOS. *Recognise ocean noise as a form of marine pollution under SDG14.1. *Adopt a precautionary approach, by assessing all future ocean noise-generating activities & legislating for BAT and BEP to be used for any activities given approval. *Transpose the IMO Ship Quieting Guidelines and the CMS Guidelines on EIAs for Marine Noise-generating Activities into domestic legislation. *Require robust, comprehensive and transparent EIAs prior to approval of applications for noise-generating activities. *Establish ‘quiet zones’, using scientific advice contained in Areas of Interest for Important Marine Mammal Areas and Ecologically or Biologically Significant Marine Areas. | Civil society organization | ||||||
21 | 3/16/2020 12:02:43 | MONGODIN Frédérique | SEAS AT RISK | BELGIUM | Global plastic production growth is outstripping our waste management capacity, leading to over-reliance on incineration, landfilling, trading and dumping of waste in Southern countries where it poses a significant threat to health and the environment. Dumping of waste as “legitimate trade” in countries wrongly blamed for the resulting pollution must stop. This results in misguided action to strengthen plastic waste disposal capacity in those countries and divert philanthropic funds towards waste infrastructure development rather than upstream preventative measures. Current lack of a consolidated and binding international legal framework to fight marine litter, generating geographic and jurisdictional gaps. Need to address marine plastic pollution to fight climate change, since plastic pollution is impacting the role of sea plankton and micro bacteria as carbon sinks, thus adding to the climate impact of 400m tons of carbon already released in plastic production. | Adopt an international binding agreement to significantly reduce nutrient, sediment, plastic and chemical pollution of the ocean by industry, agriculture, waste management and sewage. Reduce global plastic production by mainstreaming zero-waste strategies by 2025. Set up a global governance instrument to manage plastics from production to disposal phase. Global ban on plastic waste exports to developing countries with little to no infrastructure to manage waste responsibly. Ban all non-essential single-use plastics, small items (packing peanuts, glitter), oxo-degradable plastics and control microplastics’ loss into the environment. Binding eco-modulated EPR and other incentives for plastic producers to invest in circular and toxic-free product design rather than on waste management. Enable the removal of plastic debris where it poses a threat, using best available techniques (BAT) and best Environmental Practice (BEP) to avoid removal of biomass or harm to the environment. | Rise Up Blue Call for action: international marine NGOs, indigenous communities, civil society and philanthropic organisations recently launched a joint call for global ocean action https://www.riseupfortheocean.org/ BFFP: civil society coalition working to tackle plastic pollution across its lifecycle & prevent it at source. https://breakfreefromplastic.org/ Zero Waste Cities work conducted in partnership with local government. Global Ghost Gear Initiative: NGO coalition to prevent loss of waste fishing gear at sea https://www.ghostgear.org/ | Plastic production should be reduced in the coming years, to limit increasing pressures on natural resources and the development of polluting plastic production facilities. In waste management, emphasis should be put on plastic prevention and reuse, rather than management options lower down the waste hierarchy (recycling, incineration, waste to fuel or energy recovery) Consider taxes on plastic packaging and virgin plastic. The 2020 UNOC declaration should: - support the call for a new, legally binding international treaty on plastics, and urge UNEA5 to establish a working group to negotiate its mandate in 2021. - Call for a global ban on single-use plastics. - urge the global community to ratify, implement and enforce existing measures to address plastic pollution and plastic waste dumping in developing countries. | Civil society organization | ||||||
22 | 3/16/2020 13:54:55 | Natividad Sánchez | Oceana in Europe | Spain | Urban waste systems do not work properly in many areas in the world. Failures in the collection and processing add on to the irresponsibility of citizens who do not dispose of waste appropriately, but rather drop it on the floor. As a consequence, rubbish reaches the coast and ultimately sinks in the ocean. Most of marine litter is actually to be found in deep areas, which poses major challenges: a) lack of social awareness and willingness to fix the problem; b) removal of litter extremely expensive or simply not doable; c) high impact on vulnerable deep-sea habitats and species. Due to the temperature, light and oxygen conditions of deep areas, marine litter does not degrade but has the potential to disturb these fragile ecosystems for centuries. It is therefore vital to prevent that litter reaches the ocean. | Oceana problems need to be fixed on land. Innovation is not just about technology, but also about innovative regulations, sanctions and tax schemes. For example, single-use containers for food and drinks can be banned or heavily taxed, depending on the case. Deposit-return systems must be widespread: if citizens get some money back, it is likely that they return empty bottles to the grocery shop. This is real circular economy. If a supply chain can carry a bottle from the factory to the supermarket, it can also take it from the supermarket to the factory. Scientific research of deep areas must be better funded. It is vital that scientists assess when and how can litter be removed, and also that the public gets to know the importance, vulnerability and conservation status of dark habitats. | There are many dynamic civil society alliances that are leveraging resources and making a difference in the fight against plastic pollution, like the BreakFreeFromPlastic movement, Rethink Plastic, Zero Waste Cities, etc. Several EU-funded LIFE and Interreg projects are also funding and combining efforts of different stakeholders. And official, international fora are increasing their efforts and can also play a vital role, specially those bodies related to ocean governance, e.g. the General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean announced that their meetings would be single-use plastics-free. International cooperation is key to tackle the problem. | Plastic production jeopardises global CO2 emissions targets, and plastic littering jeopardises biodiversity ones. Since world economies are globalised and the ocean has no borders, countries should agree on binding, global targets to reduce the production of items that suffocate marine wildlife, such as plastic bags, single-use food and beverages containers, balloons, six-pack rings, etc. Special attention must be paid on non-essential single-use plastics, including bans of certain single-dose or sachets. Countries should formally acknowledge the vulnerability of marine habitats, particularly deep-sea ones, and the risk that marine pollution poses for global biodiversity targets. Marine ecosystems should be preserved from damaging industrial activities, and more scientific research is needed to identify what litter can be removed. Green taxes on the production of items that are commonly-found as marine litter can fund this research. | Civil society organization | ||||||
23 | 3/16/2020 14:13:54 | Barbara Neumann / Sebastian Unger | Institute Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS) | Germany | Marine pollution, including through litter, plastics, chemicals and nutrients, is a persistent challenge. Whereas chemical and nutrient pollution have been continuous problems in the past decades, other types of pollution, in particular plastic, have been identified as a recent, growing risk that requires urgent responses. Significantly reducing marine litter by 2025, as envisaged by target SDG 14.1, requires a concerted approach involving business, government, and civil society; yet current governance strategies provide a fragmented approach and regional strategies face a range of barriers. | Successful initiatives to implement regional marine litter action plans to reduce marine litter have targeted various levels of governance, focused on the full range of response options (prevention, mitigation, control, recovery) and engaged an array of different actors. In an effort to reduce plastic pollution, a cross-sectoral approach is crucial at all stages, from prevention of waste to waste management and clean up, and to awareness raising activities. | To fight micro plastic pollution, specific focus needs to be given to integrated approaches, including improved waste water management. Opportunities for closer cooperation between sectors have become more common, especially as the global momentum around the negative impacts of marine litter has fostered a more receptive audience. Regionally coordinated marine litter strategies should be developed and implemented with a view to facilitating circular economy and comprehensive waste-prevention approaches, in coordination with the sectors responsible. Global approaches, such as through a potential future legal instrument on marine litter, could compliment and be underpinned by existing, effective regional strategies. Regional collaboration, sharing lessons learnt, and identifying new solutions could support global governance and national action. | Academic institution | |||||||
24 | 3/16/2020 14:21:27 | Stefanie Wenke | Bracenet GmbH | Germany | It is important that the fishermen don’t throw the gears into the oceans. Today it is expensive to deliver discarded gear to local waste companies. Fishermen has an incentive to drop to gear at sea. If companies like Nofir could pay for their discarded fishing gear, they would have an incentive to give it to us instead of dumping it. But our ability to pay relies heavily on the marked price for recycled plastic. That price again relies heavily on price of virgin plastic (a rule of thumb says recycled plastic costs 60 % of virgin plastics). Price of virgin plastic depends on oil prices. With low oil prices comes low prices for recycled plastics. So, it is important to find ways that makes recycled plastic more competitive towards virgin plastics. | Ghost Fishing / Healthy Seas: Retrieving ghost gear from the sea with 170 voluntary divers and undertake education initiatives for young and old in order to raise awareness of the ghost gear issue. Nofir: A company that offers fishermen an option to get rid of their old fishing gear on an environmental friendly way. Old fishing nets get cleaned and distangled by Nofir and up- and recyceled by partners of Nofir. WWF as well as the GGI network provide access to an ghost gear app/ ghost gear platform, where everyone is able to report discovered ghost gear incl. exact coordinates of the discovery spot. Pacific Garbage Screening Project: Filtering micro- and macroplastics out of rivers, before they enter the sea. | WWF as well as the GGI network provide access to an ghost gear app/ ghost gear platform, where everyone is able to report discovered ghost gear incl. exact coordinates of the discovery spot. | Refund systems for fishing gear in order to motivated the fishing industry financially to return old fishing gear that is not in use anymore. | Private sector | ||||||
25 | 3/16/2020 14:43:13 | Alfred DeGemmis | Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) | United States | WCS was pleased to participate in the 19th meeting of the United Nations Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea (ICP-19), which focused on "Anthropogenic underwater noise.” WCS has helped to launch a multi-disciplinary, international partnership of industry, government, academia and NGO stakeholders to monitor and mitigate ocean noise impacts, and inform policy at multiple scales. The Global Alliance for Managing Ocean Noise (or GAMEON) is an example of partnership designed to help achieve voluntary commitments on reducing ocean noise pollution. | Para. 18 of the Secretary-General's report states that, "Anthropogenic underwater noise pollution is also an area of concern requiring further attention." WCS urges substantive, focused discussion of anthropogenic underwater noise as a key marine pollutant during this Interactive Dialogue. We call for actions and voluntary commitments on this issue, and for noise pollution to be addressed explicitly in the intergovernmentally agreed declaration (in line with the 2017 Call to Action, para. 13g). | Civil society organization | ||||||||
26 | 3/16/2020 14:52:57 | Johnson Jament | Coastal Students Cultural Forum - CSCF | India | Coastal inhabitants (including indigenous communities, tourists and others) do not have appropriate waste management systems. It is therefore many of coastal dwellers's wastes are dumped into the beach. Most of the drainage systems in India are connected to water resources including rivers, estuaries and beaches. Open defecation on the coast is another big challenge (not having enough latrine facilities as well as cultural practices Government divert the wastes including hospitals and plastics into ocean through estuaries When governments in India talk about water resources and their conservation and protection, they often exclude the ocean related issues. Maintaining ocean water quality is not a major concern for them. Government departments and officials have limited understanding of ocean, coast and marine resources - land based wastes are taken to dump into the ocean water. There is no monitoring of waste water before dumping into the ocean for example, Titanium factory, Kerala | Increase ocean literacy programmes with reference to marine water and ocean pollution and government authorities should have on-going job training programmes in this matter. Appropriate waste management and drainage systems on the beach including proper sanitation facilities. Behavioural change programmes should be adopted and raise awareness. Assessments or studies of marine water quality are to be conducted regularly. Adequate cleaning measures to be taken before diverting the river water into the sea. Estuaries must be protected and properly maintained to check the water quality of the ocean. Schools and colleges should conduct volunteer activities and awareness among students and teachers Marine chemistry as an independent discipline should be initiated in schools and colleges to get better understanding of the quality of ocean water. Marine lab facilities should be instituted. Local community participation and monitoring may be beneficial. | Coastal Students Cultural Forum has a collaboration with established University - Cochin University of Science and Technology (CUSAT) to test the sample of ocean water whenever any chemical changes noticed by the indigenous fisher folks. We have not identified any substantial breakthrough yet through this process, however, future will be able to give some direction with regard to the quality of ocean water. Collaboration with local schools and colleges to conduct beach clean up programmes and interactions with small scale fishers to understand the colour changes/chemical changes of the ocean water. There are some youth organisations follow this path. Now the government has put a notice and some efforts to maintain clean beach and clean ocean. Local fishermen are encouraged to collect plastics from the ocean on their daily expeditions and local Panchayat has instructed to collect them and give some food items as a compensation. This makes tremendous changes in the community. However, there is a long way to go. | Community based monitoring system is required to maintain the clean beach and clean ocean agenda. Local community should be given appropriate latrine facilities to avoid open defecation and other throw away cultural practices on the beach. Working partnership of local communities with academic institutions, religious organisations, youth clubs and Local Panchayat is very essential and very productive. School and colleges should work with fishers to understand the gravity of ocean pollution issues and develop workbooks to guide the future generation to have a marine pollution free world. The issue of marine pollution is connected to lack of latrine facilities as well as Hindu cultural traditions. This needs proper understanding and education to have positive behavioural changes. Environmentalists and policy makers should prioritise water policies also in connection with ocean waters. | Civil society organization | ||||||
27 | 3/16/2020 15:00:34 | Rachel Shairp | #OneLess, a collaborative campaign led by the Zoological Society of London, Forum for the Future, the International Programme on the State of the Ocean, and the Thames Estuary Partnership. | UK | Marine plastic pollution is a complex challenge that cannot be solved by one organisation. Cross-sector collaboration and heightened cooperation between governments, civil society and industry is critical. A systemic response is required that tackles the root causes of the problem and prevents waste and pollution in the first place. A system-change is needed; from a system where plastic is produced, used and disposed of in vast quantities, to a new system where we use less, promote durability and reuse, and value the single-use plastic that we do use. This will present many challenges and opportunities, not least product/service redesign, business model development, behaviour change and ensuring that action to tackle the ocean plastic problem doesn’t result in an unintended increase in the use of other materials and negative lifecycle impacts. Changing the way society values and is connected to the ocean is another important aspect of the response to marine plastic pollution. | Action is needed on multiple fronts and in line with multiple SDGs, including 6, 9, 11, 12, 14, 17: o Action across all sectors to use less and eliminate unnecessary single-use plastic products. o Industry innovation to move from single-use to reusable or refillable formats. o Industry innovation to design with end of life in mind, and ensure a closed loop model, 100% recyclability, and use of recycled material. o Government action to ensure the enabling environment is in place. This includes waste management infrastructure, incentives, and ensuring and enforcing extended producer responsibility. o Increasing access in all sectors to clean safe drinking water and promoting refilling/reusing. The #OneLess project in London worked with the Mayor of London to increase access to drinking water in public places resulting in a reduction in bottle waste. Scaling up action will require funding, strengthened action from governments and greater information-sharing and collaboration. | #OneLess is a collaborative project led by a unique partnership between the Zoological Society of London, Forum for the Future, the International Programme on the State of the Ocean, and the Thames Estuary Partnership. Together we combine expertise in conservation science, systems change theory, communications, policy, advocacy and sustainable estuary management. #OneLess is a science-based and scalable case study for tackling the ocean plastic pollution problem at source in cities, with a track record for reducing single-use plastic water bottle use in London through a collaborative and systemic approach. Further information about this partnership and our impact can be found at www.onelessbottle.org. | To address marine plastic pollution a systemic response is required that focuses on tackling the root causes of the problem and preventing waste and pollution in the first place. To this end, action to reduce single-use plastic waste in coastal or estuarine cities, towns and communities is critical and we would encourage focused discussion on and sharing of best practice case studies on this theme during the interactive dialogue. One such example is the #OneLess project, a scalable case study with a track record for reducing single-use plastic water bottle use in cities through a uniquely systemic and collaborative approach. More information about the project can be found at www.onelessbottle.org. | Civil society organization | ||||||
28 | 3/16/2020 15:21:54 | Kanika Thakar | Action Platform for Source-to-Sea Management (S2S Platform) | Sweden | The vast majority of marine pollution is derived from land-based sources. Approximately 8 million tons of plastic enter the ocean from land-based sources every year. Nutrient loads from unmanaged agricultural runoff and inadequate wastewater treatment continue to cause the spread of dead zones in our coastal and marine waters. Addressing marine pollution requires measures from upstream stakeholders. This is dependent upon awareness of the downstream impact they are contributing to, political will to invest in measures that may primarily benefit downstream areas, and funding. One of the greatest challenges, as highlighted in the 2019 IPCC report on the Cryosphere and Oceans, is fragmented governance from source (glaciers, etc.) to sea. | Investments in governance arrangements to more effectively address marine pollution as part of upstream sectoral management, e.g. a source-to-sea approach Knowledge sharing and capacity transfer on application of circular approaches to resource use (e.g. waste, wastewater, fertilizers) | The Action Platform for Source-to-Sea Management (https://www.siwi.org/source-to-sea) is a multi-stakeholder initiative that generates and shares knowledge on innovative approaches to strengthen links between land, water, coastal and marine management. | Engagement of upstream sectors in this dialogue and follow-up (e.g. agriculture, water, plastics). Addressing marine pollution must start long before it reaches the ocean. Greater coordination between the freshwater and ocean community is needed to address the flows of pollutants through rivers, estuaries, deltas and wetlands in order to prevent them from reaching coastal and marine ecosystems. | Multi-stakeholder platform | ||||||
29 | 3/16/2020 15:30:26 | Paul Holthus | World Ocean Council | USA - Global | Engaging leadership companies from the diverse global business and investment communities as proactive partners in tackling marine pollution. | The development of mutli-sectoral business and investment leadership working groups focused on specific types of multi-source pollution, e.g. biofouling/invasive species, marine sound ('ocean noise'), marine debris/plastics from shipbourne sources, etc. These leadership working groups should be developed at the international scale, building on the global organization platform and efforts of the World Ocean Council since 2009. | The World Ocean Council has been the leading and unique partnership of the diverse global business and investment community. The WOC was created by and for the private sector in 2009 to advance Corporate Ocean Responsibility will continue these efforts over the long term, i.e. beyond 2030. The WOC brings together all sectors operating in the ocean, all the sectors that support those direct ocean users, as well as the finance, insurance and legal communities. The WOC thus provides the unique Global Blue Economy Business and Investment partnership organization with the temporal, geographic and sectoral scope needed for developing and implementing business, investment and innovation to tackle marine pollution across the sectors and around the world. The WOC has developed private sector working groups along these lines regarding marine pollution. https://www.oceancouncil.org/global-issues-platforms/program-focus/operational-technical-issues/ | Global business organizations, such as the World Ocean Council, which have programs and working groups that bring together the business, investment and innovation communities to for leadership, collaboration and action to address international, multi-source pollution, e.g. biofouling/invasive species, marine sound ('ocean noise'), marine debris/plastics from shipbourne sources, etc., should be supported in these efforts. | Private sector | ||||||
30 | 3/16/2020 15:55:35 | Asabe Shehu Yar'Adua Foundation | Asabe Shehu Yar'adua Foundation (ASYARFS) | United States,Nigeria,Ghana and Germany | Main challenges related to addressing pollution Are inconversant to the danger posed by the pollution of the marine water thereby low or no awareness to the people in the communities. Awareness mediums such as campaign and walkouts could help boost the opportunity to address the marine pollution thereby decreasing the amount of waste dump into the marine and save lives below the water | Scaling up ocean action based on science and innovation on challenges related to marine pollution can be addressed using science and innovation on Gaps through the introduction of new and emerging biotechnologies to clean and remove waste pollutant in and on the surface of water bodies this action will kick start a revolution for a cleaner and safer Ocean | NIMASA: Nigeria Maritime Adminstration And Safety Agancy CLARINS Schmidt Marine Technology | Utilization of Media Promotion and Awareness Programmes Handbills/Flyers | Civil society organization | ||||||
31 | 3/16/2020 17:26:01 | Ana Lillebo | CESAM - University of Aveiro | Portugal | - Establish standardized methodologies to monitor marine plastic contamination, including micro and nanoplastics, in seafood and the marine environment in line with ISO and REACH regulations being discussed at EU level. - Active open access, technology and data sharing, as well as capacity building - Effective cooperation between natural and social sciences - Lack of a ‘common language’ for inter- and trans-disciplinary understanding. | - Promote water cycle literacy to fight marine pollution (not just ocean literacy as a silo) (Target 14.1) -Encorage publication and research training in a global open environment and promote researchers exchange for developing global research capacity. -Development of cooperation programs between natural and social scientists. - Intensify the mechanisms of transporting interdisciplinary concepts across different scientic fields. | -Address marine pollution also in the context of multiple stressors (e.g. climate change) - Built upon existing multi-sectoral international networks, open access, technology and data sharing, along with capacity building - develop exchange programs for natural and social sciences to estimulate efficient cooperation. - setting up of a platform for initiating the study of issues regarding the development for a commom language for inter and trans-diciplinary understanding. | Academic institution | |||||||
32 | 3/16/2020 17:42:58 | Gaëlle Haut | Surfrider Foundation Europe | France | Both visible and invisible pollution, resulting from waste in general, plastic, nutrients, chemicals but also oil leaks and underwater noise are impacting the ocean. These multiple sources of pollution together with extractive activities at sea are having cumulative impacts on the marine environment.At the same time, we continue consuming more resources than our planet can provide us with, with a plastic producting expecting to quadruple by 2050 while climate change impacts will increase if nothing is done. | Support the adoption of a global convention on plastics Commit to an overall reduction of the production of plastics globally Adopt ambitious measures at national level to tax and restrict the most polluting plastic products and promote reuse and refill systems, reusable alternatives and materials and repairable products over material substitution Eliminate microplastic release into waterways and the ocean by addressing all sources of microplastic pollution at national and global levels Hold companies accountable for the full lifecycle of plastic products they put on the market in all parts of the world and ensure plastics are free from hazardous chemicals Call on the International Maritime Organization (IMO) to implement an ambitious and comprehensive strategy to curb marine litter from ships, including container loss at sea End permits for new fossil fuel extractions at sea as soon as possible and at the latest by 2030 and phase out all operations at the latest by 2040 | Break free from Plastic (link: www.breakfreefromplastic.org), Beyond Plastic Med (www.beyondplasticmed.org), the Ocean and Climate Platform (ocean-climate.org), Rise Up (www.riseupfortheocean.org) | Key recommendations were for ex listed in the Ocean Call put forward by the Surfrider international network or in the Rise Up Blue Call for Action. Waste should be prevented, plastic use should be reduced, producers should be made truly responsible, reuse should be incentivised, single use products should be banned, toxic substances and problematic additives should be phased out and microplastic ingredients intentionally added to products should be forbidden, measures (emission limitations, etc) on non intentional use of microplastics should be adopted, noise emissions should be limited, reduction targets of nutrient emissions set, all countries should sign the Basel Convention which now includes plastic, adopt measures to reduce the loss of containers at sea (reporting obligation, make safety measures mandatory, phase out sub standard cargos, etc) | Civil society organization | ||||||
33 | 3/16/2020 19:34:52 | Antony Firth | Ocean Decade Heritage Network (ODHN) | UK | The main challenges we would like to flag are legacy pollution from shipwrecks and legacy pollution within seabed sediments from land based sources. Legacy pollution from shipwrecks is both chronic -- gradual seepage of contaminants into the marine environment -- and potentially acute if the collapse of a shipwreck causes sudden release of large quantities of contaminant. As many of the wrecks that pose a risk are from the early-mid C20th and are of steel construction, then the risk of sudden release is increasing as the vessels age. The presence of contaminants in sediments derived from sediment sequences in estuaries, for example, is potentially much older in date -- going back even to the processing of metals in prehistory. The principal opportunity is for interdisciplinary work with archaeologists and geoarchaeologists to understand the risks of legacy pollution in the marine environment as a basis for management and mitigation. | Collaboration between environmental scientists and archaeologists / geoarchaeologists should be encouraged. Best practice from different countries should be shared. Support should be provided for initiatives that can evaluate legacy pollution risks in regions where local capabilities are limited. | Major Projects Foundation (https://majorprojects.org.au/). UK MOD Salvage and Marine Operations. US NOAA (https://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/protect/ppw/). | Recommendation 1: Quantify the risk globally of legacy wreck pollution by compiling data from national /regional initiatives. Recommendation 2: Share best practice in assessing, evaluating and mitigating risks from legacy wreck pollution. Recommendation 3: Develop an international register of contaminated sediment sequences at risk of remobilisation by natural or human processes. | Scientific community | ||||||
34 | 3/16/2020 19:37:54 | Anna-Marie Laura | Ocean Conservancy | United States | Key challenges to prevent plastic pollution: • Solid waste management infrastructure, capacity and financing; • Consideration of the informal collection sector; • At-sea plastic pollution in the form of ghost fishing gear is often overlooked yet particularly damaging to fish stocks and wildlife; • Monitoring and evaluation of marine debris and measuring success against targets set at the global, national and local level. | Four key themes to improve the economics of plastic waste collection across the value chain: 1-Finance the collection via Extended Producer Responsibility measures 2-Reduce the production and use of problematic single-use plastics 3-Design for circularity, and 4-Increase the demand for post-consumer plastics. Waste-picking by independent collectors is a predominant method of collection and is integral to the waste management landscape. This expertise is critical to improve collection and their social and economic inclusion should be a priority. Dignified employment with improved working conditions and leveraging the expertise of independent waste collectors can improve collection quantity and efficiency. Finally, make a greater connection between IUU fishing and the proliferation of ghost gear. ‘Ghost fishing’ kills up to one-third of harvestable stocks in some fisheries every year. It is linked to IUU fishing as these fishers are more prone to discard their fishing gear at sea. | Urban Ocean Circular Economy Accelerator: A three-way cooperative partnership between Ocean Conservancy, the Global Resilient Cities Network (GRCN), and The Circulate Initiative to develop and deliver solutions to marine debris at the local level. The partners will provide a sub-set of GRCN leaders in up to 8 coastal municipalities, support to identify and implement policies that strengthen the enabling environment for entrepreneurs, improve the investment climate, and increase inclusion of the informal sector in the circular economy; increase awareness of city leadership; build local capacity; and involve the private sector. The Global Ghost Gear Initiative (GGGI) is the only alliance dedicated to solving the problem of lost and discarded fishing gear at a global scale, bringing together civil society, the private sector, governments, academia, and nongovernmental organizations. GGGI currently has 106 members including 15 governments. GGGI works with partners to recover ghost gear, recycle end-of-life gear, test gear marking technologies to improve tracking and prevent future gear loss, and build capacity for implementing best practices to reduce and prevent ghost gear. | Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) in combination with Recycled Content Standards (RCS) are the two most effective solutions for preventing plastic pollution. Financial modeling shows EPR, implemented using packaging material fees, has the highest potential—up to 75% or more—to close the value chain financing gap. Traditionally, the burden of waste management falls on local government but the urgency of the challenge demands bolder measures that engage the private sector. With over 65 models of packaging EPR currently in operation, it has momentum. But the focus has been on developed economies. There is a need to design innovative systems for developing economies and prevent the fee burden from falling on poor and marginalized parts of the population. RCS require a certain level of recycled material be used in plastic applications. Potential incentives or penalties can be levied on producers and importers of plastic products. | Civil society organization | ||||||
35 | 3/16/2020 22:12:02 | Tamara Thomas | Conservation International | United States | Challenges: 1) policies and other initiatives are still largely insufficient; 2) global plastic production increases each year; 3) plastics are an ingrained and vital part of modern human life; 4) lack of incentives for capturing derelict fishing gear; 5) plastic recycling supply chains are often unreliable and only deal with PET and cannot handle many forms of plastic waste. Opportunities: 1) advancing the science on circular solutions like chemical recycling; 2) promoting alternatives to plastic that have lower environmental footprints; 3) stronger regulations regarding minimum recycled content; 4) incentives need to be developed for the collection and treatment of harder to recycle materials (composites, thin films etc.) | We recommend key strategies to address challenges, including: 1) stronger integration of sciences and (2 ocean-observing systems; (3 improved science-policy interfaces; (4 new partnerships supported by (5 a new ocean-pollution finance system; (6 improved ocean literacy and education to modify social norms and behaviors; 7) a greater emphasis on the connectivity of oceans to upland ecosystems with a source-to-sea approach, including consideration of inland waters and upstream inputs for both marine plastics and other pollutants. | Trash Free Seas Alliance (https://oceanconservancy.org/trash-free-seas/plastics-in-the-ocean/trash-free-seas-alliance/); Alliance to End Plastic Waste (https://endplasticwaste.org/); Ocean Plastic Leadership Network (https://oceanplasticsleadershipnetwork.com/); 3RI initiative (https://www.3rinitiative.org/) | 1) Incentives for plastic collection and responsible end of life management; 2) reduce plastic dependency - especially single use disposable plastic packaging; 3) more of the extended producer responsibility funds should go to research, collection, and processing of plastic waste; 4) increase fees and taxes on plastic waste; 5) invest in waste management infrastructure; 6) implement the UN's zero vision for plastic waste; 7) more research is needed on taking circular solutions to scale. | Philanthropic organization | ||||||
36 | 3/19/2020 11:03:48 | Marvelous L. Misolas | Maryknoll Sisters of St. Dominic, Inc. | USA | Main challenges: Oceans are a common legacy for humans and all living beings of our home planet Earth. 1.The greatest threat to our existence aside from climate change emergency is the presence of nuclear weapons in various parts of water and land environment. We must ensure that all oceans are nuclear-weapon-free zone (NWFZ). 2. Lacking legally binding global treaty on marine pollution; 3. Shift from linear to circular economy to change production, consumption and recycling/disposal patterns. 4. Holistic management of land, water and air ecosystems supported policies that enable the systemic and nature based conservation and protection; 5. Coordinated implementation and shared responsibility in the international, national and local levels of shared water bodies and coastal communities. | 1. Use of digital technology to monitor the amount of land to marine based pollution and how this is being addressed. 2. Legally binding land based to marine pollution; 3. Review of nuclear-weapon-free zone (NWFZ) treaties and their implementation. 3.Ensure that nuclear-weapon states must disclose the existence of nuclear weapons in the oceans, whether it is stationary or in transit. 4. Peace initiatives must include Oceans and bodies of water in their process. | Ocean Clean-Up; International River Symposium; Peace Boat | 1. Use of digital technology to monitor the amount of land to marine based pollution and how this is being addressed. 2. Legally binding land based to marine pollution treaty and resolutions; 3. Review of nuclear-weapon-free zone (NWFZ) treaties and their implementation. 4.Ensure that nuclear-weapon states must disclose the existence of nuclear weapons in the oceans, whether it is stationary or in transit 5. Education - Caring for oceans at all levels and use of public and private campaigns. 6. Peaceful and healthy oceans address the interconnectedness SDG 12, 13,14, 15 and 16. | Faith-based organization | ||||||
37 | 3/19/2020 12:33:45 | Richard Page | Ocean Unite | International | Currently the emphasis on economic growth comes at the expense of the environment. To ensure sustainability and eliminate pollution we need nothing less than transformative change to a circular economy. In terms of marine pollution, this means also addressing many land-based sources, (e.g. plastic production and intensive agriculture) as well as marine sources. | The application of an ecosystem approach and the precautionary principle The comprehensive use of Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) and strategic EIAs End all harmful exemptions and subsidies for all activities that pollute the marine environment e.g. fossil fuel, oil and gas drilling and agricultural practices such as the use of excessive fertilizers that lead to marine pollution. Develop an implement improved ocean monitoring and surveillance technologies Immediately incorporate the ocean’s value into economic decision-making, through natural and social capital accounting and in cost-benefit analysis. Redirect finance flows to drive investment in support of the above | RISE UP - a blue call to action https://www.riseupfortheocean.org/ RISE UP at the time of writing is supported by approx. 130 organisations worldwide and constitutes a plan of action that will restore ocean health | The elimination of single use plastics The implementation of zero waste strategies by 2025 Stopping any further development of new activities which will pollute the marine environment and harm ocean health, such as seabed mining. How to green the shipping industry | Civil society organization | ||||||
38 | 3/19/2020 13:17:22 | Yvonne Harz-Pitre | International Fertilizer Association | France | Eutrophication can be triggered by natural causes, but plant nutrients also make their way into coastal waters from man-made sources, including industrial and urban wastewater, and agricultural run-off. Plant nutrients – in the form of both manure and mineral fertilizers – applied by farmers to their fields, play a crucial role in enhancing agricultural yields, but some of these nutrients can make their way into nearby streams, and end up in rivers, lakes and coastal areas through agricultural runoff of soils caused by heavy rainfall and improper soil and crop nutrient management practices. By 2050, human nitrogen waste and sewage is projected to double, due to population growth. Eutrophication can be reinforced by other factors such as rising water temperatures due to climate change, as the conditions become more favourable for algae to take up plant nutrients and grow, especially in shallow or coastal waters. | Nitrogen and Phosphore cycles are complex, biological cycles, definition “leaky” systems. Their losses to the environment in various forms cannot be completely avoided. Therefore, it is critical to optimize nutrient uptake by the crop through improved Nutrient Use Efficiency (NUE). Solutions to optimizing NUE and reducing losses to the environment are the 4R principles, developed and promoted by the fertilizer industry.The 4Rs refer to the science-based application of the Right nutrient source, at the Right rate, at the Right time, in the Right place. They can be applied by every farmer, whether in a developed or developing country, empowering them to increase their yields, crop quality and income, while improving health of their soils and protecting the environment. Complementary practices to the 4Rs are cover crops to reduce soil erosion risk, continuous crop rotation, reduced- or no-tillage practices. | The 4R Plus program ( https://www.4rplus.org/about/), launched in 2018 by a group of agricultural and conservation organizations, such as The Nature Conservancy, IFA members and the US Fertilizer association, TFI, the IOWA Government and many others to help Iowa farmers protect their soils and reduce water pollution. This initiative is continously growing. Together with regional government authorities, Fertilizers Australia supports site-specific nutrient management programs, like the “Six Easy Steps” for sugarcane production in the north Queensland coast. Fertilizer Australia provides advice to the Queensland Government on proposed regulatory measures related to nutrient management through the “Agricultural Regulation Stakeholder Advisory Group”. IFA has signed a MoU with the World Farmers Organization (WFO) in 2019, and actively supports the alliance "The Climakers" to strengthen the Farmers voice and the implementation of best management practices on the farm in the policy dialogue. A Nutrient Management Handbook has been co-published with WFO and GACSA for extension trainers. IFA is also a partner of the Global Partnership on Nutrient Management (GPNM). | How to introduce and promote fertilizer best management practices specific to countries and regions: Governments can support research and facilitate knowledge transfer to farmers and access to advanced technology through effective public policy. However, when not properly designed, government actions can also hinder knowledge transfer and the implementation of fertilizer best management practices (BMPs) through shrinking extension efforts, improper land use planning, inadequate financial policies, or fertilizer subsidy policies that encourage imbalanced fertilization or the use of inappropriate fertilizer sources. Governments should discuss target measures with target values based on farming systems, regions and soil types, issue scientific based guidance for monitoring and improving Nutrient Use Efficiency. Another discussion point: the means on how to provide digital Farm Sustainability Tools in developing countries. | Private sector | ||||||
39 | 3/19/2020 15:09:31 | Siegfried Anton Schmuck | SCIAENA | Portugal | • Exponential growth in plastic production with limited capacity to sustainably manage waste • Decoupling plastic waste generation from economic growth • Cost of plastic production does not cover cost of impact on environment • Trade in waste (both illegal and legal) undermines regulatory efforts and leads to dumping of waste in countries ill-equipped to handle it • impact of marine plastic pollution on climate change (specifically weakening the role of plankton and microbacteria as oxygen producers and carbon sinks) • More research needed on impact of microplastics on marine ecosystems. • Existing regulatory framework is fragmented and insufficient. • Developing countries receiving plastic waste dumping are blamed for marine plastic pollution; this flawed narrative results in misguided action • Transfer best practices to global South • More education and awareness raising on impact of plastic pollution on marine ecosystems needs to be done in education systems worldwide | • Global governance instrument to manage full -life cycle of plastics from production to disposal • Minimum required recycled content, while ensuring those recyclates are toxic free • Ban on global dumping of plastic waste in developing countries • Caps on virgin plastic production: Reduce plastic production by 2025, through mainstreaming of zero-waste strategies • Taxes on plastic packaging and virgin plastic, tax used for R&D and awareness raising • In waste management, emphasis on plastic prevention and reuse • Define circular design requirements for all products (reduced number of polymers) • Bans/phase-outs on plastics that are not collectable (including but not limited to microbeads) and likely to end up as marine pollution • Binding, eco-modulated EPR and other innovative policy ensure producers take responsibility for the products they are putting on the market. Such policy response options should not just strive to cover end of life costs, but incentivise circular design | • #BreakFreeFromPlastic movement: civil society coalition working to tackle plastic pollution across its lifecycle & prevent it at source. Zero Waste Cities work conducted in partnership with local government. https://www.breakfreefromplastic.org/ • Global Ghost Gear Initiative: multi-stakeholder platform addressing Abandoned, Lost and Otherwise Discarded Fishing Gear. https://www.ghostgear.org/ • Rise Up Blue Call for action: international marine NGOs, indigenous communities, civil society and philanthropic organisations recently launched a joint call for global ocean action https://www.riseupfortheocean.org/ | • Adopt an international binding agreement to significantly reduce nutrient, sediment, plastic and chemical pollution of the ocean, the 2020 UNOC declaration should: · Support the call for a new, legally binding international treaty on plastics, and urge UNEA-5 to establish a working group to negotiate its mandate in 2021. · Urge the global community to ratify, implement and enforce measures that address the growing threat of plastic pollution and plastic waste dumping in developing countries. Such measures include, but are not limited to, the Basel Convention, the IMO Action Plan to Address Marine Plastic Litter from Ships, the FAO Voluntary Guidelines for the Marking of Fishing Gear, the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, SAICM, the Bamako Convention. · Urge IMO to ratify, implement and enforce measures that address the growing threat of sea-based pollution coming from international shipping, such as the one from open loop scrubbers, oil and plastic waste dumping | Civil society organization | ||||||
40 | 3/20/2020 7:52:11 | Jeauberte Djamou Tchuidjio | les benevoles des oceans du cameroun | Cameroun | DÉFIS; l’océan fait face à trois principaux polluants : polluants chimiques et toxiques d'origines industrielles les polluants flottants ou encore matières plastique occasionnés par les oeuvres humaines les polluants lourds dus aux naufrage des bateaux opportunités; 1-meilleur moyen de transport des marchandises dans le monde 2-source de richesse :pèche ,transport maritime tourisme, sport nautique source d'oxygène d'inspiration 3-economie bleue 4-regulation du climat | 1-l'information,la sensibilisation et l 'éducation 2- mettre des mesures juridiquement contraignants principe( pollueur- payeur) | - le partenariat Mundus Maris -Bénévoles océan :sensibiliser la jeunesse scolaire à travers le prix Mundus Maris sur la protection des océans, célébration de la journée mondiale des océan (www.mundusmaris.org ) - le partenariat fondation Surf-rider Bénévoles océan: kit pour nettoyage des plages - le partenariat word océan network Bénévoles océan : Passeport océan aux participants qui s engagent en faveur de la préservation des mers le partenariat Fondation Happy Green World Bénévoles océan( en cours) www.happygreenworld.org 1. Un guide d'activités qui comprend 31 activités. 2. Un livre de l'élève, 3. Le jeu de recyclage | 1-Discuter d'un document juridiquement contraignant pour la pollution 2-Bevelopper un partenariat mondial axée sur la gestion durable des déchets 3-Budgetiser la sensibilisation et l information et l'éducation des parties prenantes y compris les populations mondiale | Civil society organization | ||||||
41 | 3/20/2020 7:54:50 | Jeauberte Djamou Tchuidjio | les benevoles des oceans du cameroun | Cameroun | DÉFIS; l’océan fait face à trois principaux polluants : polluants chimiques et toxiques d'origines industrielles les polluants flottants ou encore matières plastique occasionnés par les oeuvres humaines les polluants lourds dus aux naufrage des bateaux opportunités; 1-meilleur moyen de transport des marchandises dans le monde 2-source de richesse :pèche ,transport maritime tourisme, sport nautique source d'oxygène d'inspiration 3-economie bleue 4-regulation du climat | 1-l'information,la sensibilisation et l 'éducation 2- mettre des mesures juridiquement contraignants principe( pollueur- payeur) | - le partenariat Mundus Maris -Bénévoles océan :sensibiliser la jeunesse scolaire à travers le prix Mundus Maris sur la protection des océans, célébration de la journée mondiale des océan (www.mundusmaris.org ) - le partenariat fondation Surf-rider Bénévoles océan: kit pour nettoyage des plages - le partenariat word océan network Bénévoles océan : Passeport océan aux participants qui s engagent en faveur de la préservation des mers le partenariat Fondation Happy Green World Bénévoles océan( en cours) www.happygreenworld.org 1. Un guide d'activités qui comprend 31 activités. 2. Un livre de l'élève, 3. Le jeu de recyclage | 1-Discuter d'un document juridiquement contraignant pour la pollution 2-Bevelopper un partenariat mondial axée sur la gestion durable des déchets 3-Budgetiser la sensibilisation et l information et l'éducation des parties prenantes y compris les populations mondiale | Civil society organization | ||||||
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