ABCDEFG
1
Docente Denominazione del corsoPeriodo preferitoAltri docentiAbstract del corso Students Family NameInformazioni cronologiche
2
Alessia D'OrazioEU funding:opportunities for Research and Innovation and proposal writingMarzo - MaggioThe course aims to introduce to the European strategies and the funding opportunities regarding Research and Innovation for the next years. The participants will acquire the skills to identify the most appropriate forms of access to EU funds, and will enhance their knowledge on effectively writing projects for applying to the calls for proposal. How to write properly a CV for EU projects will be also discussed.Delogu, Nicoletti ,Bari, Zanini, Biancacci, Zuliani, Grosso, Lusiani, Chiappara, Wali, Sanson, Tononi, Verza, Kalinani, Marini, Nicoletti04/10/2019 0.16.20
3
Ornella PantanoTeaching and Learning Physics at UniversityGiugno -LuglioMonica Fedeli, Edward Taylor, Marta CarliThis course provides PhD students with an introduction to core ideas and tools about the teaching and learning of physics at the university level. After an introduction to teaching and learning in general (with a focus on active learning and student-centred education), specific disciplinary issues will be considered. Participants will discuss articles drawn from physics education research and engage in collaborative activities that help them become more effective teachers and learners. Topics include: Active learning, Interactive lecturing and small groups dynamics, Students difficulties and resources in learning physics, Learning in a laboratory setting. As the final output of the course, participants will develop their own project works focussing on a particular topic in introductory physics.Morittu, Delogu, Sanson, Nicoletti, Zanini, Zuliani, Biancacci, Grosso, Lusiani, Chiappara, Wali, Gasparotto, Libanore, Verza, Partipilo, Tononi12/10/2019 10.30.44
4
Jeff ByersPhysical Models for Data AnalysisMarch-JuneApplication of statistical mechanics technicques to data analysis and machine learning problems Delogu, Sanson, Nicoletti, Ricci , Biancacci, Grosso, Zuliani, Lusiani, Chiappara
5
Michele LiguoriRadiative Processes in High Energy Astrophysics and CosmologyAprile - giugnoRoberto TurollaIn the first part, the course will introduce the theory of Compton Scattering, as a radiative process in Astrophysics. It will then discuss applications and discuss Comptonization in several interesting cases in High Energy Astrophysics.
In the second part, the course will focus on the role of Compton scattering Physics in Cosmology, focusing in particular on a detailed study of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), including the physical mechanisms producing CMB thermalization and those generating CMB temperature and polarization anisotropies.
Bari, Yanrong Zhang (PHD astronomia)20/09/2019 18.10.05
6
Francesco D'EramoMatter Genesis in the Early UniverseGiugno -LuglioMarco PelosoThis course will introduce scenarios for the genesis of matter in the early universe. In particular, it will present motivated scenarios for the production of dark matter, which makes 85% of the matter content in our universe and it is still of unknown origin and composition. All phenomena described here take place before the time of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, and we have no direct information about the energy budget of the universe as such early times.

In the first part of the course, particle production will always take place in a universe whose energy content is dominated by a radiation bath. This is the extrapolation of the snapshot that we get by studying the abundances of primordial light nuclei. The focus will be on three motivated dark matter candidate: WIMPs, FIMPs and Axions. For each case, we will investigate how these particles are produced in the early universe as well as their potential experimental signatures today.

In the second part of the course, we will study phenomena of particle production in a background that is different from a thermal bath. We will focus our attention on two specific cases: production during inflation, and during the early stages of reheating (when the field responsible for inflation is decaying but it is still dominating the energy budget of the universe). We will study both perturbative, and nonperturbative mechanisms of production in these contexts. Attention will be devoted both to the analytical computations of these processes, and to the associated phenomenological signatures (including the generation of gravitational waves of frequencies detectable at experiments such as LIGO/Virgo and LISA)

TIMETABLE:

Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) (4 hours)
- thermal freeze-out
- WIMP models
- direct searches
- indirect searches
- collider searches

Feebly Interacting Massive Particles (FIMPs) (2 hours)
- freeze-in production in the early universe
- FIMP models
- experimental signatures of freeze-in

Axion Dark Matter (6 hours)
- the strong CP problem
- cold axions production via misalignment
- cold axions production via topological defects
- hot axions production and signatures in the Cosmic Microwave Background
- experimental searches for axions

Perturbative particle production during reheating (3 hours)
- expansion of the universe at reheating beyond the instantaneous inflaton decay approximation
- Particle production during reheating from operators of various dimensions

Non-perturbative production during reheating (3 hours)
- Analytical methods: parametric resonance, tachyonic preheating, rescattering
- Numerical methods: brief review of lattice simulations of reheating, and the long road toward thermalisation

Particle production during inflation (6 hours)
- Isolated instances of particle production (features in the spectrum of the primordial scalar perturbations)
- Continuous particle production and QFT realisations of warm inflation
- Gauge field amplification in axion inflation: computational aspects
- Gauge field amplification in axion inflation: observational aspects, with a focus on gravitational waves observable at interferometer scales
Morittu, Bari, Gasparotto30/09/2019 9.32.34
7
Bertacca DanieleGravitational Waves: Theory and ExperimentsGiugno -LuglioConti Livia, Ricciardone AngeloThe field of gravitational wave physics has grown rapidly after the LIGO/Virgo collaboration detected for the first time in 2015 gravitational waves emitted by the merger of a black hole binary system.
Gravitational Waves are emitted not only by the merging of astrophysical compact objects (Black Holes, Neutron Stars, Core Collapse SN, etc) but also from early universe mechanisms, like inflation, phase transitions, etc.
In this course we will provide a broad and comprehensive training in both theory and experiments in gravitational wave physics: we will introduce what gravitational waves are, review the main astrophysical and cosmological sources, and how we can model and describe them. Then we will focus on the experimental challenge of detecting and measuring gravitational waves and review GW detectors (their operating principles, experimental techniques, key figures and noise budget), techniques of data analysis used to extract physics information, GW operation of a network of GW detectors and will summarize signals detected so far

PROGRAM

- Introduction to Gravitational Waves

- Cosmological sources of GW and propagation of in curved spacetime

- Astrophysical sources of GWs and their characterisation

- Interaction of gravitational waves with test masses and the principles of interferometric detection

-GW interferometers: working principle

GW interferometers: noise budget

GW detector network: open public alerts, sky localization

- Data analysis techniques (modeled searches, unmodeled searches, parameter estimation)
Bari30/09/2019 19.03.55
8
Patrizia Azzi Future CollidersAprile - GiugnoBasic introduction to collider physics. Description of future projects: e+e- machines (linear and circular), hadron machines (with heavy ion running), and muon collider. Description of different physics challenges (background, pileup) and ultimate performance. Goal of the course: understanding the advantages and limitations of the different machine choices for various physics benchmarks. Delogu, Grosso, Zuliani, Lusiani,Gasparotto, Faggin01/10/2019 16.47.56
9
Tommaso DorigoStatistical data analysisMarzo - MaggioBastieri, StancoGeneral Introduction:
Random variables, probability density functions, the Central Limit theorem, cumulative function, properties of estimators, examples and applications.
Methods of minimum squares and maximum likelihood, covariance matrix. Applications and examples.
Error propagation: some examples and practical applications.
Probability theory, Kolmogorov axioms, theorem of Bayes, practical applications.
Lemma of Neyman-Pearson. Probability ordering.
Interval estimation, confidence intervals, hypothesis testing and p-values, goodness of fit and practical applications. Construction of the power-curve. Coverage for the confidence intervals from maximum likelihood.
The problem of the measurement of 0 or very few events. The method of Feldman-Cousins.
Technicalities in the generation of random numbers. Simulations of several functional relations.
Processes of Markov. Sketch of Markov chain. The process of Filtering and Smoothing. The Kalman filter.

Statistics in HEP
:
Evaluation of p-values for counting experiments, with and without nuisances.
Definition and computation of significance for a signal.
Correspondence between p-value and significance in case of non-Gaussian nuisances.
Look-elsewhere effect and approximate methods for its estimation.
The CLS method and its application to the search for signals.
Profile likelihood and statistical tests.
Application to the search for the Higgs boson at LHC.
Asymptotic methods for the evaluation of sensitivity with the profile likelihood.
Use of the Feldman-Cousins method for exclusion plots.

Statistics in Astrophysics
:
Applications of statistical inference and test of models: Z-score and T-score
Coefficient of correlation and related test. Bootstrapping.
Non-parametric tests: Spearman’s rank.
Kolmogorov-Smirnov: test and related applications, test of Cramér-von Mises
Test of isotropy: monolope, dipole and quadrupole, statistics of Rayleigh, Watson and Bingham.
Correction of Bonferroni or trial factors.
Test of Anderson-Darling.
Statistics of Cash (Poisson)
Application of maximum likelihood: the catalogue.
Errors of type I and type II: screening and testing, technicalities, sensitivity and power of testing.
Data analysis: correlation, auto-correlation, function of angular correlation at 2 points, and applications.
Analysis of images: linear filters and applications, the Gaussian filter.
Delogu, Biancacci, Grosso, Zuliani, Lusiani, Chiappara, Baruffaldi12/09/2019 11.23.28
10
G. SimiStandard Model & Flavour PhysicsMarzo - MaggioS. Lacaprara, Docente esternofisica elettrodebole, higgs, CKM, CPV, nuova fisica in decadimenti rari, tecniche avanzate di analisiDelogu, Biancacci, Zuliani, Lusiani12/09/2019 12.50.04
11
E. FiorettoCharged particle detection techniques and tools for low-energy Nuclear Physics experimentsMarzo - MaggioT. MarchiCharged particle detection techniques and tools for low-energy Nuclear Physics experiments:
1. Gas detectors for charged particles.
2. Large solid angle spectrometers based on the reconstruction of the ions track and associated systems.
3. Spectrometers and beam separators for the detection of heavy ions at small angles with respect to the beam.
4. Tracking chambers for low-energy charged particles
5. Active Target Detectors
6. Techniques for isotope identification using Silicon detectors
7. Gas-Silicon multistage detectors
8. Multistage detector arrays for large solid angle coverage with isotopic identification
Delogu, Zanini, Biancacci, Chiappara, Wali12/09/2019 13.30.34
12
Sabino MatarreseCosmologyMarzo - MaggioNicola BartoloThe "Cosmology" course aims at providing a concise introduction to the current research in this field, both in the direction of Early Universe physics and Inflation and in the context of the late Universe (large-scale structure formation, evolution and statistical analysis) as well as at the phenomenological characterization of dark matter and dark energy.

CONTENTS:

* Standard cosmology: Fundamentals of General Relativity for cosmology;
Cosmological models; Friedmann-Robertson-Walker metric (2 hrs. - Matarrese)

* Thermodynamics of the Universe: elements of kinetic theory in the expanding Universe; evolution of the entropy and of the main thermodynamical quantities; photon and neutrino decoupling; relic particles (4 hrs. - Matarrese)

* Inflation: problems of the standard cosmological model; kinematics and dynamics of inflation models; generation of primordial perturbations and their effects on the Cosmic Microwave Background. (8 hrs. - Bartolo)

* Gravitational Instability: linear evolution of perturbations; Jeans scale; free-streaming, models with dark matter and baryons; cold dark matter, hot dark matter, etc.. (4 hrs. - Matarrese)

* Statistics of cosmological perturbations: power-spectrum; transfer function; filter functions; higher-order statistics (2 hrs. - Matarrese)

* Non-linear evolution of perturbations: N-body techniques; spherical model; Zel'dovich approximation and adhesion theory. (2 hrs. - Matarrese)

* Dark Energy: observational aspects; models. (2 hrs. - Matarrese)

BIBLIOGRAPHY

- S. Dodelson, 2003. Modern Cosmology, Academic Press.
- E.W. Kolb and M.S. Turner, 1990. The Early Universe, Addison-Wesley.
- A.R. Liddle and D.H. Lyth, 2000. Cosmological Inflation and Large-Scale
Structure, Cambridge University Press.
- S. Weinberg 2008, Cosmology, Oxford Univ. Press.
Bari, Morittu, Gasparotto12/09/2019 17.29.29
13
Luca MartucciString TheoryNovembre - FebbraioStefano GiustoPart 1 (Giusto, 12h) - Introduction to perturbative string theory:
1) classical actions for the bosonic string;
2) light-cone quantisation of the bosonic string and derivation of the spectrum;
3) extension to the superstring.

Part 2 (Martucci, 12h) - Superstring effective actions and dualities:
1) string theory effective actions;
2) D-branes and other extended objects;
3) dualities.
Sanson, Ricci, Morittu, Gasparotto13/09/2019 10.22.17
14
Alessandro De AngelisMultimessenger Astroparticle Physics (Experimental Astroparticle Physics)GennaioOne of the new frontiers of fundamental physics is the field called astroparticle physics. The sky at high-energy (above some 100 keV) unveils the nature of fundamental astrophysical phenomena, and opens a window on new physics, possibly including the nature of dark matter. High-energy astrophysics has recently became multimessenger thanks to the detection of gravitational waves and astrophysical neutrinos. This course introduces the interdisciplinary subject of multimessenger astroparticle physics, providing students with the tools needed to understand current problems, read a modern article in the field, and analyze the data from the Fermi high-energy gamma-ray telescope - these data are, as usual for NASA, public.

Learning Outcome

1. Understand the basic physical processes involving high-energy particles and originating the emission of high-energy messengers - in particular: photons and neutrinos from astrophysical accelerators in high-density regions and from Dark Matter.

2. Know the methods and observing techniques to study high-energy emissions.

3. Describe the sky as seen with high-energy detectors.

4. Identify the kinds of astrophysical sources visible at high energies and relate them to relevant emission processes.

5. Have insight into current research in multimessenger astroparticle physics.

6. Read a scientific article related to multimessenger astroparticle physics.

7. Analyze the data from the Fermi LAT gamma-ray satellite; extract a spectral energy distribution and a light curve for a generic source.

Prerequisites: Students should know the basics of quantum mechanics and of special relativity. Should know about basic physics processes and the expansion of the Universe.

Assessment: Students will be evaluated based on a final short seminar on an article or a modern research topic selected according to their interest - or in alternative analyze the photon emission from a gamma-ray source. They will be asked to solve exercises at home.

Textbook: De Angelis and Pimenta, “Introduction to particle and astroparticle physics”, 2nd edition, Springer 2018. Slides presented at the lectures. Erratum/ecercises at the web site ipap.uniud.it
14/09/2019 12.08.42
15
Luca SalasnichBOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION, SUPERFLUIDITY AND SUPERCONDUCTIVITYNovembre - FebbraioThe course gives an introduction to macroscopic quantum phenomena: Bose-Einstein condensation in ultracold atomic gases, superfluidity in liquid helium 4 and ultracold gases, superconductivity in metals and high-Tc materials.

First part (12 hours)

1.1 Ideal bosons and Bose-Einstein condensation.
1.2 Interacting bosons with broken symmetry. Macroscopic order parameter.
1.3 Gross-Pitaevskii equation of the bosonic condensate and quantum fluctuations.
1.4 Bogoliubov spectrum and sound velocity. Collisional vs collisionless dynamics.
1.5 Bright and dark solitons. Quantized vortices.
1.6 Ultracold atoms with spin-orbit and Rabi coupling.
1.7 Topological phase transitions and Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transition.
1.8 Quantum phase transitions. Ultracold atoms in optical lattices: superfluid-Mott phase transition with the Bose-Hubbard model.

Second part (12 hours)

2.1 Ideal fermions and Fermi degeneracy.
2.2 Interacting fermions: Hartree-Fock and pairing.
2.3 Stoner instability for repulsive fermions.
2.4 Ginzburg-Landau and BCS theories of attractive fermions.
2.5. Macroscopic quantum tunneling and Josephson effect.
2.6 Quantum fuctuations and pseudo-gap regime.
2.7 BCS-BEC crossover in ultracold atoms and high-Tc superconductors.
2.8 Multi-band and multi-gap superconductivity.
Sanson, Zanini, Ricci16/09/2019 11.33.01
16
Riccardo BrugneraNeutrino physicsMarzo - MaggioStefano Dusini, Massimiliano LattanziNeutrino oscillations (S. Dusini): Three flavours oscillations, PMNS matrix, neutrino oscillations in matter, solar neutrinos, atmospheric neutrinos, terrestrial neutrino oscillation experiments, global analysis of oscillation data, sterile neutrinos.

Direct measurements of neutrino mass (R. Brugnera)
Beta decay, pion and tau decays, neutrinoless double-beta decay

Relic neutrinos (M. Lattanzi)
Delogu, Biancacci, Chiappara25/09/2019 10.06.33
17
MontangeroQuantum tools for future scientific researchMarzo - MaggioQuantum science stemmed from the revolutionary idea, push forward about thirty years ago by R. Feynman, to replace classical hardware with quantum hardware to attack one of the most complex problems in physics, i.e., the quantum many-body problem. Nowadays, quantum science is a fast developing field encompassing tools and concepts from condensed matter, quantum optics,
theoretical physics, and information theory. Quickly it has become evident that this new paradigm could lead to a complete novel technology that could be used both for scientific and practical applications. Currently, there is a fast-growing zoo of possible novel research directions opened by this new class of tools. This course aims to introduce the student to this new area of research. We will quickly review the basics of quantum information theory and some of the most promising applications of quantum technologies for future research. In particular, we will present the achievements and the challenges obtained by quantum simulators, dedicated quantum hardware built to simulate interesting but hardly accessible physics: from models to study for high-Tc superconductors or topological systems, critical systems, quantum chemistry or lattice gauge theories where Monte Carlo methods efficiency is hindered by the sign problem. Finally, we will review the first quantum computations and quantum simulations and their possible applications in quantum chemistry, computer science, nuclear physics, and high-energy physics. Connections with the IBM quantum cloud service and didactic program will be explored. The course will have a hybrid structure, with frontal lessons and seminars held
by the students to present the most recent quantum simulators applications.
Sanson, Zanini, Ricci, Grosso, Lusiani, Chiappara25/09/2019 17.56.27
18
Amos MaritanNon-equilibrium (Stochastic) ThermodynamicsNovembre - FebbraioLo scopo del corso e' di presentare in modo unificato la termodinamica di non- equilibrio e il corrispondente approccio stocastico. Saranno derivati i vari teoremi di fluttuazione e dissipazione nell'ambito della teoria della risposta lineare e teoremi di fluttuazione. Saranno anche discusse alcune connessioni con la teoria dell'informazione.Sanson, Ricci, Nicoletti, Garlaschi, wali26/09/2019 18.41.52
19
Paride ParadisiPhysics beyond the Standard ModelNovembre - Febbraio
The Effective Theory of the Standard Model

- Accidental symmetries of the SM
- Lepton number violating operators and neutrino masses
- Baryon number violating operators and proton decay
- Flavour violating operators and FCNC
- Electroweak precision tests

The Higgs Sector of the Standard Model and Beyond

- Experimental status
- CCWZ description of electroweak symmetry breaking:
- Higgs mechanism and custodial symmetry
- perturbative unitarity and the SM limit
- The Higgs as a pseudo Nambu Goldstone Boson (pNGB)
- Two Higgs doublet model: its flavor problem and solutions

Grand Unified Theories

SU(5):
- SM embedding and proton decay
- SU(5) breaking
- Higgs and flavour
- EWSB and hierarchy problem
- Gauge coupling unification

Supersymmetry

- The hierarchy problem and its supersymmetric solution
- The minimal SM extension (MSSM): Lagrangian, R-parity,
EWSB, spectrum and mixings
- Gauge coupling unification
- Proton decay
- The flavour problem and the mass insertion approximation
- Dark Matter: LSP detection via direct and collider searches
- Collider phenomenology
Delogu, Grosso, Zuliani, Gasparotto, Guerrera03/10/2019 17.05.03
20
Andrea VitturiNuclear reactions with heavy ionsNovembre - FebbraioFernando ScarlassaraIn the first part of the course we will discuss the main features of nuclear reactions with heavy ions (elastic scattering, inelastic scattering, Coulomb excitation, break-up, transfer, deep inelastic), in particular in connection with the structural properties. Special attention will be given to reactions involving weakly-bound nuclei fat from stability and close to the drip lines.
The second part will be devoted to the description of sub-barrier fusion processes, from both experimental and theoretical points of view. The role of the coupling to the internal degrees of freedom of the interacting nuclei will be emphasized. Again the case of weakly-bound nuclei will be explicitly treated.
07/10/2019 8.55.42
21
Francesco Recchia
Advanced instrumentation for the study of nuclear structure and reaction dynamics
Marzo - Maggio
Daniele Mengoni, Andrea Gottardo (INFN Legnaro)
In this course the detectors in use for nuclear physics experiments will be explained starting from the basics of the detector manufacturing, detection processes, signal formation and performance obtainable.
Different kind of detectors and configurations will be discussed in particular solid state detectors, like silicon and germanium detectors, and magnetic separators and spectrometers.
Their use will be illustrated with examples of real experiments.
The exam will consist in a discussion of an article of interest of the students to be chosen among a broad list of articles related to the course plus a discussion about the content of the course itself.
Biancacci, Chiappara, Wali16/10/2019 9.20.13
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100