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911831Zebedee Coltrin joins the Church.FALSESee Zebedee Coltrin autobiography, written at his request by Thos. C. Martell, 1880. Carbon copy of typesript. Church Archives, MS 2793.
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1211831Dispatched from New York in accordance with a now-unknown revelation, John Whitmer arrives in Kirtland with the newly revealed book of Moses and other revelations designating Kirtland as the eastern edge of the land of Zion—which extends to the Pacific Ocean—and directing the Saints not to sell their lands, but rather to purchase as much as they can.FALSESee Painesville [Ohio] Telegraph, Eber D. Howe, ed.<a href="http://www.sidneyrigdon.com/dbroadhu/OH/paintel2.htm#011831">copy here</a>
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911832John Smith is baptizedFALSESee <a href="http://amzn.to/RevelationsofJosephSmith">The Revelations of the Prophet Joseph Smith: A Historical and Biographical Commentary of the Doctrine and Covenants</a> by Lyndon W. Cook
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1111832William E. McLellin spends most of the day talking with John C. Bennett, "a Campbelite Priest. I took him on my slay and Thursday and Friday I brought him to Hiram to see Jos & Sidney, …"FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Journals-William-McLellin-1831-1836/dp/0842523162">Journals of William E. McLellin: 1831-1836</a>
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1111833Responding to a letter from W. W. Phelps, Joseph writes the brethren in Zion, warning they will reap the judgments of God if they do not repent. The letter contains the 'Olive Leaf' (section 88)FALSESee <a href="http://josephsmithpapers.org/paperSummary/letter-to-william-w-phelps-11-january-1833#1">Letter to W.W.Phelps from Joseph Smith</a>
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1111834Joseph Smith, Frederick G. Williams, Newel K. Whitney, Oliver Cowdery, John Johnson, and Orson Hyde pray that the Lord will send his angels to watch over them and their families, protect the lives of the members of the united order [United Firm], let Joseph prevail over Doctor P. Hurlbut in court, bless the bishop with means to discharge every debt of the order, deliver the printing press from the hands of evil men, deliver Zion and gather his scattered people, and "unveil his face, that his saints might behold his glory, and dwell with him. Amen."FALSESee <a href="http://josephsmithpapers.org/paperSummary/prayer-11-january-1834">JS, Journal, Nov. 1832–Dec. 1834, pp. 43–48</a>
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911836Joseph Smith attends a feast at N. K. Whitney's with his parents and Emma. There is a large assembly. Joseph Sr. blesses several. This could be the same feast that is cited as being on the 7th, which was described as "after the order of the Son of God—the lame, the halt, and blind were invited, according to the instruction of the Saviour." Joseph Smith Sr. prays and gives N. K. Whitney's parents patriarchal blessings.FALSESee <a href="http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/MStar/id/7066">Millenial Star 15, no. 35 (Aug. 27, 1853): 568</a> and the <a href="http://josephsmithpapers.org/paperSummary/letter-from-newel-k-whitney-9-january-1836">invitation letter</a>
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1211836Joseph Smith shows the Papyri to a Unitarian PreacherFALSESee <a href="http://josephsmithpapers.org/paperDetails/journal-1835%E2%80%931836?p=105">the Joseph Smith Journal 1835-36</a>
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911837The new KSS banking office officially opened in Kirtland. Its officers were from the very beginning reluctant to redeem its notes with specie.FALSESee Dale W. Adams; BYU Studies Vol. 23, No. 4, pg.472; Parkin, 1966, p. 219 (also <a href="http://olivercowdery.com/history/morchrn2.htm">cited here</a>)
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1211837The CLEVELAND DAILY GAZETTE reports: "During the past two days an emission of bills from the society of Mormons, has been showered upon us. As far as we can learn there is no property bound for their redemption, no coin on hand to redeem them with, and no responsible individuals whose honor or whose honesty is pledged for their payment. They seem to rest upon a spiritual basis."FALSESee Cleveland Daily Gazette, or <a href="http://amzn.to/originsofpower">The Mormon Hierarchy - Origins of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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1211838Joseph Smith and Rigdon flee Kirtland to escape law suits. Before leaving, the prophet dictates a revelation "concerning the trying of the First Presidency" which requires three unimpeachable witnesses and ratification of the decision by a majority of the church's stakes.FALSESee <a href="http://amzn.to/originsofpower">The Mormon Hierarchy - Origins of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn, and the Joseph Smith Papers Project (<a href="http://josephsmithpapers.org/paperSummary/revelation-12-january-1838%E2%80%93a">here</a>, <a href="http://josephsmithpapers.org/paperSummary/revelation-12-january-1838%E2%80%93b">here</a>, and <a href="http://josephsmithpapers.org/paperSummary/revelation-12-january-1838%E2%80%93c">here</a>)
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851838Joseph Smith publishes answers to frequently asked questions on the beliefs of Mormons, including: Mormons do believe in the Bible, Mormons are different from other sects be cause they believe in the Bible, while other sects profess to believe in their interpretation, Non-Mormons will be damned, as well as a good portion of Mormons, unless they repent and work for righteousness, Joseph Smith is a prophet, Members' property is not held in common, Mormons do not believe in multiple wives at the same time, Mormons cannot raise the dead, members do not have to give all of their money to the church (only their portion of what's necessary to support church operations), Mormons are not abolitionists, Joseph Smith was a money digger but didn't make much money at it (only $14 a month), Mormons do baptize the dead, Joseph Smith is not Jesus Christ, The scriptures are not full. FALSESee Tidd, N. R., "Mormon Chronology"
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1211841Joseph Smith teaches that not all sin is vice and that murders cannot be redeemed in this life.FALSESee <a href="http://www.boap.org/LDS/Parallel/1841/12Jan41.html">The McIntire Minute Book</a>
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911842Joseph Smith writes that the covered wagon carrying Willard Richards and Lorin Walker, while traveling on icy roads, "slipped and capsized and fell off the side of the bridge, 5 feet descent. Broke the carriage, some on the top and the fore axletree which we soon spliced . . .and agreed that Liburn W. Boggs should pay the damage."FALSESee <a href="http://amzn.to/originsofpower">The Mormon Hierarchy - Origins of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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391843Sunday prayer circle at 6 p.m. in Mansion House with Joseph Smith, Hyrum Smith, William Marks, Newel K. Whitney, and William Law, with "much instruction from the Presidents [sic] on future things" (changes order of names)FALSESee <a href="http://amzn.to/originsofpower">The Mormon Hierarchy - Origins of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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1411848Brigham Young instructs Seventy’s meeting: “For the act of adultery you may forgive a man, but if a man beds with [a] woman & does it 10 times he [is] guilty.”FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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1711848bishop’s court orders Salt Lake City marshal to give horse thief “39 lashes on the bare back."FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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2411848Mormons discharged from Mormon Battalion and now working at John Sutter’s mill participate in discovery of gold there. This leads to Gold Rush of 1849 which aids Salt Lake City`s economy.FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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1131848Benjamin Covey is excommunicated for having sexual intercourse with two girls "less than Twelve years of age" who are his foster daughters. He is rebaptized and serves as bishop of Salt Lake City Twelfth Ward from 22 February 1849 until 1856.FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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1731848Hosea Stout tells Salt Lake high council: “It has been my duty to hunt out the rotten spots in this Kingdom]. . . . even now I have a list [of] who will deny the faith.” Stout reassures the council that "I av tried not to handle a man’s case until it was right.” FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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2751848Today to our utter astonishment, the crickets came by millions, sweeping everything before them.” Seagulls, no strangers to settlers in small numbers, arrive in dense flocks to devour crickets but not in time to save whole fields from destruction. Although published letter by First Presidency and LDS sermons refer to this event in non-miraculous terms for several years, anti-Mormon Warsaw Signal of 17 Nov. 1849 shows Mormons soon describe this experience as divine intervention: “This year, as the story goes-the Lord sent immense numbers of gulls from the Lake, to devour the crickets. Seagulls descend during cricket infestations in 1849 and 1850, but apparently not until 1853 does general authority (Orson Hyde) publicly describe the 1848 Seagull visitation as miraculous. The “Miracle of the Seagulls” is now memorialized by statue on Salt Lake Temple Square and by adoption of seagull as Utah’ s state bird. FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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2091848Brigham Young returns to Salt Lake City and never again leaves Great Basin. FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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9101848arsonist burns Nauvoo temple. Its ruins are leveled by tornado on 27 May 1850.FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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12111848Book of Mormon witness Oliver Cowdery is baptized into LDS church.FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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3121848Apostle Lyman Wight is excommunicated for his pamphlet against succession leadership of Brigham Young over LDS church.FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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111849Uncle John Smith (b. 1781) is ordained as "Patriarch over the Church." He has served in that capacity since 1845. The newly organized First Presidency privately sustained him to that position on 6 Dec. 1847, and church conference publicly did so on 27 Dec.FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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211849Brigham Young and Heber C. Kimball of First Presidency and Presiding Bishop Newel K. Whitney sign first paper bills of “Valley Currency.” Second issue three days later includes $1,331 worth of re-issued notes from failed Kirtland Safety Society Bank.FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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611849high council at Kanesville, Iowa, excommunicates two Mormons for counterfeiting coins. Investigation into Feb., but council takes no action against two members of theocratic Council of Fifty involved: John M. Bernhisel (who transports counterfeiting equipment to Iowa) and Theodore Turley (mechanic who works with the dies and press). Apostles George A. Smith and Ezra T. Benson allude to their involvement in letter to First Presidency on 27 Mar. Turley is Brigham Young's father-in-law.FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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121849first counselor Heber C. Kimball tells Sunday meeting that plural marriage "would end he said when the Church had gon[e] to the Devil or the Priesthood taken from this people [-] then God would give it to another people."FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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721849William A. Hickman's affidavit in first issue of church's Frontier Guardian: "I do hereby solemnly declare that Mr. [Orson] Hyde never induced me to commit violence on the person of any man either white or red." Apostle Hyde is editor.FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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1221849Twelve ordain new men as apostles to fill administrative vacancies in quorum caused by service of three apostles in First Presidency. Lorenzo Snow is first apostle who has attended college (at Oberlin College). At this meeting Brigham Young refers to himself as "King & Prest." This shows that Council of Fifty has already ordained Young to theocratic office of King.FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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331849at Council of Fifty meeting, Brigham Young speaks concerning thieves, murderers, and sexually licentious: "I want their cursed heads to be cut off that they may atone for their crimes." Next day, Council agrees that man has "forfeited his Head," and decides it would be best "to dispose of him privately." Instead, they allow him to live.FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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531849organization of theocratic State of Deseret, which is denied statehood in 1850.FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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1331849Apostle George A. Smith writes sixteen-year-old Joseph Smith III, asking him to come to Utah, with or without his mother.FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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1731849Brigham Young instructs Council of Fifty regarding two imprisoned men (one of them referred to on 3 Mar.): "he would show them that he was not afraid to take their Head but do as you please with them." Council allows them to live.FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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2731849Apostles Orson Hyde, George A. Smith, and Ezra T. Benson write Young that Council of Fifty member Peter Haws complains that "Twelve men had swallowed up thirty eight." Council members George Miller, Lyman Wight, and Lucien Woodworth also claim that Quorum of Twelve usurped Fifty's theocratic prerogatives after 1844. Today Smith retorts that Council of Fifty is "nothing but a debating School."FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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2831849at organzation of Utah's Nauvoo Legion, Hosea Stout notes: "John Pack & John D. Lee were each put in nomination for Majors by regular authority & both most contemptuously hissed down. When any person is thus duly nominated I never before knew the people to reject it [-] But on this occasion it appears that they are both a perfect stink in every body's nose."FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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2941849First Presidency and Quorum of Twelve make following decisions concerning sex in marriage: "not to unite with a woman in view of imprenation till 7 days after the cessation of the menstrual discharge in order for the most healthy procreation. also that after childbirth if delivered of a son she should continue 40 days in her purification [without sexual intercourse with her husband]. If a daughter she [the new mother] should be 70 days separated as unclean for a man. As to sexual connexion during pregnancy[, do] just as they please about that [-] suit themselves." This is earliest known LDS discussion of what is appropriate in sexual relations of married couples. These rules are based on Book of Leviticus, rather than on current medical writings.FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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161849Orson Hyde writes Brigham Young, "Brother Hickman... is sometimes a little rash and may shoot an innocent Indian, mistaking him for an Omaha horse thief."FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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871849Brigham Young preaches, "if any one was catched stealing to shoot them dead on the spot and they should not be hurt for it."FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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2171849Addison Pratt, departing missionary, receives endowment given on Ensign Peak.FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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2471849first mass celebration of Pioneer Day; first LDS historical event to be "ritualized."FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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991849James H. Mulholland writes anti-Mormon Thomas Sharp from Iowa to inform him that “I was present last fall when I seen a man hired with a promise of five hundred dollars to go to your place [at Warsaw, lllinois] and take your life. . . . the man that hired Bill Hickman to come and murder you was [Apostle] Orson Hyde." Mulholland is already excormnunicated, and Hyde publishes denial of his claim in Jan. 1850.FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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3101849Frontier Guardian observes that “Mr. Jonathan Browning is manufacturing some of the most splendid revolving rifles that we ever saw.” He ìnvents one of “the earliest known American repeating rifles” when he moves to Nauvoo in 1842. Establishes gunsmith Shop in Ogden, Utah where he continues making his unpatented "six-shot repeater." His son John M. Browning is “the father of modern firearms.”FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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7101849Brigham Young instructs his special counselor, Presiding Patriarch John Smith, to select men to go to California on “Gold Mission” for church. Among “Forty-Niners” who travel to California are about fifty gold-digging Mormon missionaries.FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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17101849Frontier editorial “Dancing" observes: “Among the Saints, it is regarded not only as a civil recreation, but a religious exercise when conducted by the sanction and under the government of the Church.”FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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9121849Richard Ballentyne begins teaching Sunday school as own activity in Salt Lake City. In 1867 Deseret Sunday School Union becomes churchwide, centrally directed program with George Q. Cannon as general superintendent. In 1934 LDS headquarters adopts junior Sunday school program which was independently established in local wards. Like Sunday schools, churchwide progrmns for young men, primary children, high school seminary, adult Aaronic priesthood, Welfare Plan, and Indian Placement begin as local innovations without central church direction. All LDS auxiliaries, except Religion Classes in 1890, are modeled on pre-existing programs of Protestant denominations. Only Relief Society, young women’s program, and Religion Classes have direction of headquarters at outset.FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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2821850incorporation of University of Deseret (later Utah).FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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1431850Senator Thomas H. Benton of Missouri checks out Book of Mormon from Library of Congress. He does not return it until 3 June 1851, first national leader to voluntarily show interest in Mormon scriptures.FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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741850Brigham Young is Trustee-in-Trust, first time for LDS president since 1844.FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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1561850First issue of church’s Deseret News, which includes astrological almanacs.FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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871850James J. Strang is publicly crowned “King at Zion" at St. James, Beaver Island, Michigan. Ceremony is performed by George J. Adams, former member of Joseph Smith's Council of Fifty. Non-believers and apostates murder Strang in 1856.FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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991850official establishment of Territory of Utah by federal government which also appoints Brigham Young as Utah’s governor on 20 Sept.FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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1491850incorporation of Perpetual Emigratìng Company by General Assembly of State of Deseret. Before federal government forces its disincorporation in 1887, PEF assists more than third of all European to Utah.FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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1211851President Brigham Young, preaching against "swareing or takeing the name of God in vain," says "the time might Come when the Lord would require him & the Elders of Israel to sharpen up their swords & go fourth & hew down the wicked in their midst. He said any Righteous man that Herd any one of his Children take the name of God in vain that He might whip them until He was satisfied."FALSESee Wilford Woodruff Journal Vol 4, pg 3, also <a href="http://ogdenkraut.com/Wilford%20Woodruff%20Journal%20Excerpts.htm">quoted here</a>
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1511851first of Brigham Young’s formal divorces from plural wives. He is only one formally dívorced while serving as church presídent. Joseph Smith informally ended several plural mariages, and four LDS presidents are formally divorced as apostles (John Taylor, Wilford Woodruff, Lorenzo Snow, and Joseph F. Smith).FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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1911851Utah legislature enacts law against “Sodomy" by “any man or boy,” but removes sodomy from criminal code on 6 Mar. 1852, without explanation. As governor Brigham Young signs both laws. Due to absence of sodomy statute, Utah judge drops charges against soldier for raping LDS boy in 1864. Young claims Utah’s legislators never criminalìzed sodomy and he declines to instruct them to do so for next twelve years. Utah legislators criminalize sodomy in 1876 only because federally appointed governor asks them to adopt entire Criminal Code of California which has five-year imprisonment for sodomy. For next twenty years LDS judges give 3-6 months of imprisonment to those convicted of homosexual rape, the same sentencing given to young males and females convicted of consensual fornication. Mormons of this era give no known explanations for any of these legislative and judicial actions/inactions.FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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421851incorporation of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-­day Saints. FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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2021851endowment ceremony is again administered on regular basis in such places as Brigham Young’s office and upper room of Council House.FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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1731851Brigham Young speaks in favor of Madison D. Hambleton who is being tried for shooting and killing man at LDS church services, immediately after closing prayer. The man “seduced” of Hambleton who ls “acqultted by the Court and also by the Voice of the people present.” Hambleton later becomes sheriff in Utah.FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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2831851General Assembly of State of Deseret dissolves itself to accept jurisdiction of Territory of Utah. In most elections from 1851 to 1869, 99 percent of Utah's Voters choose church-approved candidates. Ballots are marked to show how persons vote.FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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741851Brigham Young is sustained “prophet, seer, and revelator,” first time since 1836. He presents himself this way at conferences until 1859 and again, 1872 to his death.FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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2041851Alpheus Cutler is excommunicated for leading group opposed to Young.FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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2281851at Council of Fifty meeting Phineas H. Young admits plotting with Indians to kill Apostle Orson Hyde in Iowa, because Hyde ordered someone to kill Phineas. Hyde mentlons William A. Hickman but doesn’t admit responslblllty for an attempt on Phineas’ life. Brigham successfully reconciles these two members of the Fifty.FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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991851Brigham Young has conference covenant to accept and obey Word of Wisdom as commandment and to accept excommunication for non-payment of tithing. Church leaders do not consistentiy enforce either practice until 20th century.FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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4101851Brigham Young signs law legalizing all laws passed previously by State of Deseret. He adjourns poorly attended meeting of Fifty, does not reconvene it for 15 years.FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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18101851trial of confessed murderer (and newly returned LDS missionary) Howard Egan. His lawyer Apostle George A. Smith popularizes phrase “mountain common law” and argues: “The man who seduces his neighbor‘s wife must die, and her nearest relative must kill him!” Fifteen minutes later jury finds Egan not guilty of murder. Church authorities print Smith’s closing argument in Deseret News, in two pamphlets, and later in the Journal of Discourses 1:97. Egan is one of Brigham Young’s enforcers.FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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15121851Baron von Gerolt, Prussia’s minister to United States, checks out Book of Mormon from Library of Congress. He returns it 16 Feb. 1852. This Berlin diplomat is first representative of foreign government to show interest in Mormon scripture. Brigham Young reports to April 1852 conference that this ambassador requests copies of all LDS publications on behalf of Prussian monarch who “wished to investigate our doctrine.”FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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27121851Governor Brigham Young officially proclaims 1 January 1852 as "a day of Praise and Thanksgiving.” In 1863 U.S. President Abraham Lincoln does likewise.FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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2311852Brigham Young instructs Utah Legislature to legalize slavery because “we must believe in slavery.”FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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521852Brigham Young announces policy of denying priesthood to all those of black African ancestry, even “if there never was a prophet, or apostle of Jesus Christ spoke it before” because “negroes are the children of old Cain. . . . any man having one drop of the seed of Cain in him cannot hold the priesthood.” Contrary to Joseph Smith’s example in authorizing the ordination of Elijah Abel, this is LDS policy for next 126 years. Young announces this policy in connection with Utah legislature’s legalization of African-American slavery. The law provides for only one interference with property rights of slave­-owners: “if any master or mistress shall have sexual or carnal intercourse with his or her servant or servants of the African race, he or she shall forfeit all claim to said servant or servants to the commonwealth; and if any white person shall be guilty of sexual intercourse with any of the African race, they shall be subject, on conviction thereof, to a fine of not exceeding one thousand dollars, nor less than five hundred, to the use of the Territory, and imprisonment not exceeding three years."FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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721852legislature legalizes voluntary indentured servitude, and authorizes county selectmen or probate courts to put into indentured servitude “any idle, vicious or vagrant minor child without his or her consent, or the consent of the parent or guardian of such minor child if such parent or guardian neglects, refuses, or otherwise fails in properly controlling the actions and education of such minor, and does not train him or her up in some useful avocation.”FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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731852Utah law allows whites to “purchase” Native Americans from Indian or Mexican slave-owners in order to prevent these captives from being killed. Purchaser must “immediateìy go” before county selectmen or probate judge who will “bind out the same, by indenture for the term of not exceeding twenty years.” Mormons are prohibited from owning Indian slaves, but can own African-American slaves.FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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641852(6-8) at conference in England, Apostle Franklin D. Richards calls men to new office of “pastor.” Office continues until 1860, when it is changed to “district president.”FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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741852(6-8) at conference in England, Apostle Franklin D. Richards calls men to new office of “pastor.” Office continues until 1860, when it is changed to “district president.”FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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841852(6-8) at conference in England, Apostle Franklin D. Richards calls men to new office of “pastor.” Office continues until 1860, when it is changed to “district president.”FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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941852Brigham Young’s pubiìshed sermon that Adam “is our Father and our God, and the only God with whom We have to do." For the next twenty-five years, Young speaks about so-called “Adam-God doctrine” in numerous sermons, most of which he pubìishes. In this same sermon Young says: “The Holy Ghost is the Spirit of the Lord, and issues forth from Himself. . . .The Lord the immensity of space.”FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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1251852William A. Hickman tells Mosiah Lyman Hancock, a loyal Mormon, that Brigham Young instructs him to “kill Gentiles [non-Mormons] and take their property for the good of the Church,” but Young` denies this to Hancock on 3 July. However, it should be cautioned that if this was taken from Hickman's supposed autobiography, "Brigham Young's Destroying Angel," the inaccuracies have been widely acknowledged. Hickman himself later commented that he had been promised $5,000 from a critic of Brigham Young to write Hickman's autobiography, and that it was a lie "from the wild boar story forward" (Orson Whitney's History of Utah). FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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2981852public announcement of previously denied practice of plural marriage. Contemporary reports show this causes extensive disaffection among British Mormons.FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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12111852all LDS missionaries in Norway are in jail for preaching; released 5 May 1853.FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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16121852Brigham Young, as Utah governor, issues “free Pardon for Jerome Owens who had been condemned to die for murder ín the first degree by Judge of first Judicial District.” Thomas Ellerbeck writes that Young requests “the privilege of going in and out of the House without being molested by their rising” in his honor. About 100 years later this practice reemerges among Mormons to honor LDS president.FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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1911853first theatrical performance in Social Hall, Salt Lake City. Soon there are full performances of such classic stage productions as Othello and She Stoops to Conquer.FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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2021853Brigham Young speaks concerning Mormons who say the judgment of living prophets “is superior to mine, and consequentîy I let you judge for me." He says that such Latter-day Saints do not possess “the true independence of heaven," and consequently “will never be capable of entering into the celestial glory, to be crowned as they anticipate; they will never be capable of becoming gods.” Young says that Mormons should depend on “the influences of the Holy Spirit” and “their own understanding.”FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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2821853Millard Fillmore writes Utah’s congressional delegate John M. Bernhiscl (a member of Council of Fifty), "my thanks for the beautiful copy of the ‘Book of Mormon.’” Fillmore is apparently first U.S. president in accept copy of Book of Mormon but may not have even opened it.. He appoints Brigham Young as Utah’s first governor who gratefully names Fillmore, Utah, as territorial capital from 1851 to 1858.FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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1131853Church Historian’s Office records death of Ike Hatch and notes that “Bill Hickman" ambushes him in “Big Field.” Hickman later writes that LDS president expresses satisfaction for his killing a man whom “Brigham wanted me to watch.”FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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641853cornerstone laying ceremony for Salt Lake temple. Brigham Young publishes this description of endowment: “Your endowment. is, to receive all those ordinances in the House of Lord, which are necessary to you, after you have departed thìs lìfe, to enable you to walk back to the presence of the Father, passing the angels who stand as sentinels, being enabled to give them the key words, the signs and tokens, pertaining to the Holy Priesthood, and gain your eternal exaltation in spite of earth and hell.”FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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1261853John Taylor: “If there is any truth in heaven, earth, or hell, I want to embrace it.”FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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1871853Beginning of Walker War between Mormons and Indians. Ends in May 1854.FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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2471853Brigham Young preaches, “The Father came down in his [bodily] tabernacle and begot Jesus.”FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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481853Apostle Amasa M. Lyman begins acting as medium in spiritualistic seances in San Bernardino, California. After being dropped from Quorum of Twelve in 1867 and excommunìcated in 1870, in seances with such prominent Mormons or former Mormons as T. B. H. Stenhouse, E. L. T. Harrison, William S. Godbe, Wilìiam H. Shearman, Henry W. Lawrence, Theodore Turley, Sarah B. Pratt, Andrew F. Cahoon, Arthur Stayner, John V. Long, Nathan Tanner, Sr., and Emma Brown Teasdale (wife of future apostle George Teasdale). Founding prophet’s son David H. Smith also joins some of these seances while visiting Utah.FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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1191853Brigham Young says there will be temple in Scotland. Joseph Smith once made similar promise to Apostle Parley P. Pratt.FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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2091853“Uncle John” Smith, Presiding Patriarch, confers upon his son, Apostle George A. Smith, “all the keys of the Patriarchal Priesthood that over was sealed upon any man on the Earth.” Despite Presiding Patriarch’s dying request in 1854 that his son be his successor, Brigham Young instead chooses oldest son of martyred Hyrum Smith.FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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23101853Brigham Young preaches, "Many received heavenly visions, revelations, the ministering of holy angels, and the manifestations of the power of God . . . before the ordinances of the house God were preached to the people.”FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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1111853first issue of British Mission’s Journal of Discourses, most famous collection of Mormon sermons which had been published previously in Deseret News.FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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22121853formation of phonetic Deseret Alphabet, which LDS leaders try to make the standard written language of Mormon Utah. The formal announcement is on 19 Jan. 1854.FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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311854Brigham Young invites Elijah Abel, free black and ordained Seventy, to party with 98 other men in Social Hail. Some of these parties are male only dances.FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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1921854Seventy’s president Jedediah M. Grant preaches: “Did the Prophet Joseph want every man’s wife he asked for? He did not . . .”FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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2021854Wiìliam H. Dame receives patriarchal blessing: “Thou shalt be called to act at the head of a portion of thy brethren and of the Lamanites in the redemption of Zion and the avenging of the blood of the Prophets.” He orders Mountain Meadows Massacre.FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn
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351854A month after Brigham Young publicly condemns and excommunicates lawyer Jesse T. Hartley, he starts for eastern states, apparently without Young’s safe-conduct pass. William A. Hickman murders him during trip with Apostle Orson Hyde and Hosea Stout in the canyon. Stout’s diary verifies Hìckman’s later account of this.FALSESee <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Mormon-Hierarchy-Extensions-Power/dp/1560850604">The Mormon Hierarchy - Extensions of Power</a> by D. Michael Quinn