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All U.S. Adults and Students Enrolled in Postsecondary Education by Immigrant Generation, 2000 and 2021
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TotalImmigrant OriginThird/Higher Generation
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All First GenerationSecond Generation
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All U.S. adults (ages 18-54)
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2000 147,485,000 31,061,000 21,848,000 9,214,000 116,424,000
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Share by generation100%21%15%6%79%
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2021 155,053,000 46,491,000 28,357,000 18,134,000 108,562,000
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Share by generation100%30%18%12%70%
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Percent change: 2000 to 20215%50%30%97%-7%
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Students* (ages 18-54)
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2000 14,785,000 2,899,000 1,351,000 1,547,000 11,886,000
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Share by generation100%20%9%10%80%
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2021 18,206,000 5,633,000 1,908,000 3,725,000 12,573,000
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Share by generation100%31%10%20%69%
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Percent change: 2000 to 202123%94%41%141%6%
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* "Students" refer to adults ages 18 to 54 who have at least a high school diploma or equivalent and who were enrolled in college or university at the time of the survey.
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Notes: 1) The term "first generation" (or immigrants) refers to persons with no U.S. citizenship at birth. Immigrants include naturalized U.S. citizens, legal permanent residents (or green-card holders), refugees and other humanitarian immigrants, persons on certain temporary visas, and unauthorized immigrants. The term "second generation" refers to persons born in the United States to one or more immigrant parents. The first and second generations, together, make up the immigrant-origin population. International students, who are often included in estimates of the first-generation immigrant population, are excluded from the "student" estimates in this table. International students refer to foreign-born students who have come to the United States for the specific purpose of studying. 2) The shares shown for different subpopulations may not add up to the share shown for the overall population due to rounding (e.g., first- and second-generation individuals compared to all immigrant-origin individuals).
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Source: Migration Policy Institute (MPI) analysis of data from the U.S. Census Bureau’s Current Population Survey (CPS) October 2000 and 2021 Educational Supplement.
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