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Information and sources
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Key:
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P - Pooled: resources contributed by European countries to the Frontex pool of resources (technical and human) as per Frontex's request and the subsquent bilateral negotiations between Frontex and countries.
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D - Deployed: resources which were actually deployed during Frontex operations. Overall figure; no breakdown per operation is possible.
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A - Additional: additional contributions by European countries made on an ad hoc basis, as per Frontex's request, complementary to the resources initially pooled.
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Assets definitions:
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Offshore Patrol Vessel (OPV) - Large-scale vessel used for border control operations at sea. For example, Spanish OPV Rio Segura, which was used by Frontex for its operation in the Central Mediterranean before the agency pulled all maritime assets from the aerea.
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Coastal Patrol Vessel (CPV) - Medium-scale vessel used for border control operations at sea. For example, Romanian CPV MAI 1102, which has been used by Frontex for its operations in the Aegean Sea and has been linked to pushbacks.
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Coastal Patrol Boat (CPB) - Small-scale vessel used for border control operations at sea. For example, Portuguese CPB Molivos, which has been used by Frontex for its operations in the Aegean Sea and has been linked to pushbacks.
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Fixed Wing Aircraft (FWA) - Small airplane used for surveillance purposes, both at land and at sea. For example, the Frontex-leased OSPREY1 aircraft, which is routinely deployed by Frontex in the Central Mediterranean and has been linked to pullbacks in cooperation with the so-called Libyan Coast Guard
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Helicopter - Helicopters are used for surveillance purposes, both at land and at sea. For example, this Polish helicopter, which has been used by Frontex for its operations at the Lithuania-Belarus border.
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Patrol Car - Cars used for land border patrolling. For example, this Romanian patrol car. Patrol cars were also the first mid-sized asset purchased by the agency.
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Thermo-Vision Vehicle - Vehicle equipped with thermal camera used for surveillance purposes. For example, this thermo-vision van that “performs border surveillance activities at night” in Lesvos.
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Transportation Vehicle/Canine Team Vehicle - Transportation Vehicles are equipped with radar or other sensors for land and sea surveillance. Canine Team Vehicles transport Frontex-deployed canine teams, which include dogs and their dog handlers.
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Mobile Laboratory -
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CO2 Detector - Carbon Dioxide Detectors are used by Frontex “for the measurement of the existing CO2 concentration in a closed volume for the detection of people hiding in confined spaces such as trailers, rooms and vehicles (monitoring the CO2 concentration of human exhaled air).”
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Heartbeat Detector - Heartbeat Detectors are used by Frontex to “enable precise detection of human beings hidden in stationary vehicles”. 
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Other - Includes small equipment such as Document Readers (used by Frontex “for quick authenticity verification of passports, ID cards, resident permits, visas, stamps and other security documents for document checks purposes at all types of borders”); Night Vision Goggles and Thermal Cameras (used by Frontex to “enable short to middle range surveillance capabilities during foot or vehicle patrols”); and Fingerprint Scanners.
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Deportation Officers - Officers who implement deportations coordinated by Frontex. Profiles include Return (meaning deportation) Escorts, Monitors and Specialists.
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Operation Officers - Officers who implement Frontex border control operations. Profiles include Border Surveillance Officers, Registration and Fingerprinting Officers, Cross-Border Crime Detection Officers, and Interview Experts.
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Other Officers - Profiles include Liaison Officers.
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Research by FragDenStaat, April 2021. Last updated on February 2022.
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More information: https://fragdenstaat.de/en/dossier/frontex-countries/
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Data source: Frontex Annual Implementation Reports on Operational Resources and Annual Information Reports on Operational Resources, 2020-2015
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License: CC-BY-SA 4.0 Open Knowledge Foundation Deutschland e.V.
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