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Assertion (A): Encapsulation is the process of wrapping data and methods into a single unit. Reason (R): Encapsulation helps in data hiding.
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(a) Assertion and Reason both are correct.
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Assertion (A): Inheritance allows a class to use the properties and methods of another class. Reason (R): Inheritance promotes code reusability.
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(a) Assertion and Reason both are correct.
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Assertion (A): Polymorphism allows methods to perform different tasks based on the object that invokes them. Reason (R): Polymorphism enhances the flexibility of code.
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(a) Assertion and Reason both are correct.
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Assertion (A): An abstract class cannot be instantiated. Reason (R): Abstract classes can have abstract methods.
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(a) Assertion and Reason both are correct.
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Assertion (A): Interfaces in Java can have method implementations. Reason (R): Java 8 introduced default and static methods in interfaces.
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(b) Assertion is true and Reason is false.
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Assertion (A): Method overriding occurs when a subclass provides a specific implementation of a method already defined in its superclass. Reason (R): Overriding allows runtime polymorphism.
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(a) Assertion and Reason both are correct.
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Assertion (A): The super keyword is used to access the members of the parent class. Reason (R): The super keyword can be used to call the parent class constructor.
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(a) Assertion and Reason both are correct.
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Assertion (A): A class that is declared final cannot be subclassed. Reason (R): Final classes prevent inheritance to ensure security and prevent modification.
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(a) Assertion and Reason both are correct.
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Assertion (A): Multiple inheritance is not supported in Java through classes. Reason (R): Java supports multiple inheritance through interfaces.
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(a) Assertion and Reason both are correct.
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Assertion (A): Object cloning is achieved using the clone() method. Reason (R): The clone() method is defined in the Cloneable interface.
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(b) Assertion is true and Reason is false.
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Assertion (A): The this keyword refers to the current object instance. Reason (R): this can be used to call other constructors in the same class.
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(a) Assertion and Reason both are correct.
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Assertion (A): Static methods can be overridden in Java. Reason (R): Static methods are inherited by subclasses.
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(d) Assertion and Reason both are false.
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Assertion (A): Constructors can be private in Java. Reason (R): Private constructors are used in singleton patterns.
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(a) Assertion and Reason both are correct.
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Assertion (A): instanceof operator checks whether an object is an instance of a specific class or interface. Reason (R): instanceof helps in safe type casting.
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(a) Assertion and Reason both are correct.
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Assertion (A): Method overloading is the process of defining multiple methods with the same name but different parameter lists. Reason (R): Overloading is resolved at runtime.
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(b) Assertion is true and Reason is false.
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Assertion (A): Abstract methods do not have a body. Reason (R): Abstract methods must be implemented in subclasses.
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(a) Assertion and Reason both are correct.
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Assertion (A): An interface can extend multiple interfaces. Reason (R): This allows interfaces to inherit abstract methods from multiple sources.
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(a) Assertion and Reason both are correct.
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Assertion (A): The final keyword prevents method overriding. Reason (R): A final method cannot be modified by subclasses.
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(a) Assertion and Reason both are correct.
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Assertion (A): Inner classes can access the members of their enclosing class. Reason (R): This provides better encapsulation and simplifies code maintenance.
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(a) Assertion and Reason both are correct.
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Assertion (A): An abstract class can have both abstract and non-abstract methods. Reason (R): Abstract classes provide a base for subclasses to build upon.
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(a) Assertion and Reason both are correct.
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