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11Caring for others was so important to our survival that we evolved to be really good at it.ArticleCaring for Others Is What Made Our Species UniqueSamuel Paul Veissière, Ph.D.Psychology TodayOctober 28, 2015https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/culture-mind-and-brain/201510/caring-others-is-what-made-our-species-unique
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11Graphics of the dangers to humans during that time - predators like sabertooth tigers and/or a ferocious looking bacteriaArticleThe Top Ten Deadliest Animals of Our Evolutionary PastRob DunnSmithsonian MagazineJune 20, 2011https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/the-top-ten-deadliest-animals-of-our-evolutionary-past-18257965/
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11Communicating through touch was once more important to our survival than having strong bones, so our bones got lighter and our hands more sensitive. ArticleThe science of touch: why physical contact can make you happier and more successfulDacher KeltnerWired UKJanuary 15, 2017https://www.wired.co.uk/article/the-good-life-human-touch
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11Communicating through touch was once more important to our survival than having strong bones, so our bones got lighter and our hands more sensitive. Research ArticleSocial touch and human developmentCarissa J.Cascio, David Moore, Francis McGloneDevelopmental Cognitive NeuroscienceApril 24, 2018https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878929317301962#sec0050
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11Communicating through touch was once more important to our survival than having strong bones, so our bones got lighter and our hands more sensitive. Research ArticleRecent origin of low trabecular bone density in modern humansHabiba Chirchir, Tracy L. Kivell, Christopher B. Ruff, Jean-Jacques Hublin, Kristian J. Carlson, Bernhard Zipfel, and Brian G. RichmondNational Academy of Sciences
December 22, 2014
https://www.pnas.org/content/112/2/366
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11Communicating with each other was more important for survival than strength. So our brains needed more energy and our muscles got weaker.ArticleHumans Evolved Weak Muscles to Feed Brain's Growth, Study SuggestsDan VerganoNational GeographicMay 28, 2014https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/article/140527-brain-muscle-metabolism-genes-apes-science
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11Seeing each other's faces was more important to survival than powerful jaws. So we have smaller teeth and jaws than our ancestors, and we have a lot less hair, especially on our faces. ArticleEvolution is written all over your faceStuart Wolpert, based on research by Sharlene E. Santana, Jessica Lynch Alfaro, and Michael E. AlfaroUniversity of California - Los Angeles, Science DailyJanuary 13, 2012https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120111223744.htm
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11Seeing each other's faces was more important to survival than powerful jaws. So we have smaller teeth and jaws than our ancestors, and we have a lot less hair, especially on our faces. ArticleEvolution: Why don’t we have hairier faces?Jason G GoldmanBBC Future
September 25, 2014
https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20140926-are-hairy-faces-less-evolved
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11Seeing each other's faces was more important to survival than powerful jaws. So we have smaller teeth and jaws than our ancestors, and we have a lot less hair, especially on our faces. ArticleShorter jaws with smaller teethBeth Blaxland, Fran Dorey; Australian MuseumAustralian Museum
September 21, 2018
https://australian.museum/learn/science/human-evolution/shorter-jaws-with-smaller-teeth/
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11Seeing each other's faces was more important to survival than powerful jaws. So we have smaller teeth and jaws than our ancestors, and we have a lot less hair, especially on our faces. ArticleBefore Agriculture, Human Jaws Were a Perfect Fit for Human TeethLaura ClarkSmithsonian MagazineFebruary 6, 2015https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-dawn-farming-changed-our-mouths-worst-180954167/
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11Having babies that others wanted to care for was more important to our survival than babies being able to fend for themselves.BookConscience: The Origins of Moral IntuitionPatricia S. Churchland (Pgs. 26-29)W.W. Norton & Company2019https://www.google.com/books/edition/Conscience_The_Origins_of_Moral_Intuitio/myl2DwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0
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11Having babies that others wanted to care for was more important to our survival than babies being able to fend for themselves. ArticleWhy Babies Are So Cute - And Why We React The Way We DGemma TarlachDiscover Magazine
November 13, 2019
https://www.discovermagazine.com/mind/why-babies-are-so-cute-and-why-we-react-the-way-we-do
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11Having babies that others wanted to care for was more important to our survival than babies being able to fend for themselves. Two-thirds of human brain growth happens after birth.VideoWhy are Human Babies So Helpless?PBS Digital StudiosPBSMarch 6, 2020https://www.pbs.org/video/why-are-human-babies-so-helpless-zn5fw5/
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11Having babies that others wanted to care for was more important to our survival than babies being able to fend for themselves. Two-thirds of human brain growth happens after birth.WebsiteNeuroscience for KidsEric Chudler, Ph.D.Eric Chudler, Ph.Dhttp://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/dev.html
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12Think about a time you cared for a loved one. Did that make you smile?

This is what is happening in your brain right now. 		ArticleWhen you’re smiling, the whole world really does smile with youUniversity of South AustraliaUniversity of South AustraliaAugust 12, 2020https://www.unisa.edu.au/Media-Centre/Releases/2020/when-youre-smiling-the-whole-world-really-does-smile-with-you/
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12Think about a time you cared for a loved one. Did that make you smile?

This is what is happening in your brain right now. 		Research ArticleYour face and moves seem happier when I smile: Facial action influences the perception of emotional faces and biological motion stimuli.Marmolejo-Ramos, F., Murata, A., Sasaki, K., Yamada, Y., Ikeda, A., Hinojosa, J. A., Watanabe, K., Parzuchowski, M., Tirado, C., & Ospina, R.Experimental Psychology2020https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2020-32759-001
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12Think about a time you cared for a loved one. Did that make you smile?

This is what is happening in your brain right now. 		Research ArticleGrin and Bear It: The Influence of Manipulated Facial Expression on the Stress ResponseTara L. Kraft, Sarah D. PressmanPsychological Science
September 24, 2012
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0956797612445312
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12Your empathy circuit – which includes the amygdala and the reward areas of your brain– activates when you care for others, and releases neurotransmitters that make you feel good. ArticleThere's Magic in Your Smile: How Smiling Affects Your BrainRonald E Riggio Ph.D.Psychology TodayJune 25, 2012https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/cutting-edge-leadership/201206/there-s-magic-in-your-smile
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12Your empathy circuit – which includes the amygdala and the reward areas of your brain– activates when you care for others, and releases neurotransmitters that make you feel good. VideoCitizen Brain: The Empathy CircuitJosh KornbluthAtlantic Fellows for Equity in Brain HealthMarch 8, 2018https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a_732-H1CUY
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12It also helps control your blood pressure and inflammatory response, which is why caring for others can improve your cardiovascular health, and help you live longer.ArticleWhy being kind to others is good for your healthMarta ZaraskaBBC Future
December 15, 2020
https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20201215-why-being-kind-to-others-is-good-for-your-health
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13Evidence of the first specialized caregivers appeared in Middle East about 5000 years ago.

Ancient Babylonian doctors received different rewards based on the social status of the patients. They got the most for nobility, and the least for slaves. 		Book A Short History of MedicineSteve Parker (Pgs. 22-27)DK Publishing2019https://www.google.com/books/edition/A_Short_History_of_Medicine/A5E-vQEACAAJ?hl=en
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13Mycenaean royalty had better teeth and were three inches taller than their subjects.ArticleCan inequality be blamed on the Agricultural Revolution?Matthew DavisWorld Economic ForumOctober 25, 2018https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/10/how-the-agricultural-revolution-made-us-inequal
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132000-400 years ago.

Global trade routes brought global diseases forcing us to work together to stay healthy.

Visual Description:
A medieval plague mask is displayed next to a modern surgical mask along with the text “This mask works“ referring to the modern mask and “This one doesn’t” referring to the medieval plague mask.		Research ArticleHistory of the Plague: An Ancient Pandemic for the Age of COVID-19Kathryn A. Glatter, MD and Paul Finkelman, PhDThe American Journal of Medicine
September 24, 2020
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7513766/
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132000-400 years ago.

Global trade routes brought global diseases forcing us to work together to stay healthy.

Visual Description:
A medieval plague mask is displayed next to a modern surgical mask along with the text “This mask works“ referring to the modern mask and “This one doesn’t” referring to the medieval plague mask.		ArticleBlack Death:
pandemic, medieval Europe		Editors of Encyclopedia BritannicaBritannica
November 9, 2020
https://www.britannica.com/event/Black-Death/Cause-and-outbreak
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13In London, around 1850, the air was so polluted that an increase of just 1% in coal intensity raised the deaths of infants by 6-8%. Research ArticleCoal Smoke and Mortality in an Early Industrial EconomyBrian Beach, W. Walker HanlonThe Economic JournalJune 8, 2017https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ecoj.12522
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