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UpgradeDescriptionOn/Off ChainScaling Improvement# Known People Working on ItStatusOptimistic Launch Date
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Increase gas limitMiners increase gas limitOn chain2-8x2-10Waiting for miner adoptionmid 2017
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Parallel process transactionsTransactions can be processed by nodes simultaneously instead of one by oneOn chain2-8x1-3Conceptlate 2017
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Swap virtual machinesSwapping the Ethereum virtual machine (EVM) for web assembly (WASM)On chain3-10x1-2Code in progress2018
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Proof of stakeChanging consensus algorithm from proof of work to proof of stakeOn chain2-5x3-5Code in progresslate 2018
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Payment channel networksParties exchange signed transactions off chain, allowing infinite transactions with only an initial and closing transaction on chainOff chain10-100x+4-8Code in progress2018
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TruebitOff-chain smart contract execution through a verification game with dispute resolutionOff chain10-100x+2-5Concept2018
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PlasmaTree hierarchy of blockchains where only fraud proofs are reported up the treeOn chain10-100x+2-5Concept2019
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ShardingValidators only need validate some, not all, of the network's transactionsOn chain10-100x+--Unlikely before proof of stake2019
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