to call (lie, refer by name)

dental (laminal)

alveolar (apical)

retroflex (apical)

palatal-velar (laminar)

t (d merges w/dz)

pronouns for moving / portable things

Class 1 nouns: stationary and function in a state of relative stagnancy

Class 2 nouns: portable and function in a state of relative motion

forest (green-green)

Class 3 nouns: relating to the body’s internal needs

tall column (also tree)

Vowels (centralized around retroflex)

After/Before retroflex

Can have V at word beginning

pronouns for stationary/stagnant things

Front vowels do not trigger harmony

Back vowels (Even unrounded) back any subsequent front vowels

Some prefixes do not set up their own harmony; others do, and it changes the entire word if it is a back vowel

can be geminated:

cannot be gemminated:

affricates (change to fricative to gemminate)

only coda or nuclear element can be geminated

when two same consonants meet, one falls off

Stationary/Stagnant

this does not lead to gemination

gemination is different

palatals common at end, ncommon at beginning

dentals common at beginning, uncomon at end (dz and ts not found at end)

affricates simplify when part of clusters (dz will become th, when at end, and former might become dental/alveolar; will become z or d at beginning); vdz->bz?

For nouns; adjectives which agree w/them

retroflexes most common at start

more sonorous vowels = more common

the cat eats a rat

but, laminal affricates can turn palatal if there is a palatal affricate at the end

sibilalts following a retroflex will become retroflex (allophonically)

the rat eats a cat

a cat eats the rat

Nobody knows its meaning

Doule object ditransitives

patient then theme, but context can override this

a rat eats the cat

(small vowel harmony making its way to the clitics)

dzu-dzu - hunt-hunt - cat, small predator, feline

iconicity-making noun from verb, minimizing, largening, reciprocity

-use affixes above

-put the pronouns w/affixes after the noun; use stress patterns

hello, my name is Ladze

-for nouns, use preposition 'at', optionally

hi, be-call me Ladze

*put 'belong' as the preposition for the verb-heavy journal language

passive - not promote patint, jst remove agent

impersonal passive

and (nouns & verbs & clauses)

and I live in the forest.

and live-I in forest-the

ḷa lota-ḷe mo šošo-ṛil

ḷa lotaḷe mo šošoṛïl

My house is in the big trees.

house-the me-stat is-it in tree-the big-big

ki-ṛil ḷe-ṛi ñe-toluu na up-uḷ ka-ka

Kiṛil ḷeṛi ñetoluu na upuḷ kaka.