| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | AA | AB | AC | AD | |
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1 | class | label | exact_syn | broad_syn | narrow_syn | related_syn | def | editor_note | parent_class | parent_label | comments | subsets | database_cross_reference | definition_reference | term_editor | created_by | ||||||||||||||
2 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001617 | snow accumulation process | A material accumulation process during which the mass of snow on a surface increases. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03000009 | material accumulation process | This term is used both as a process and as an amount of mass added. Semantically speaking these are two distinct concepts (e.g., accumulation results in accumulation_amount of ice or snow gain), though accumulation_amount would more likely be an attribute. The scope of this term varies depending on the definition. Some definitions constrain themselves snow or ice added to glaciers; while others also include ice fields, snow cover, and/or floating ice. How to resolve this depends on the scope desired. Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which would be useful for connecting glacier ontologies to atmospheric, hydrologic, etc. ontologies. This information should be captured no matter how the inconsistencies above are resolved. | http://sweetontology.net/phenCryo/Accumulation | http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
3 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001618 | ice accumulation process | A material accumulation process during which ice forms in an environmental material or an existing accumulation of ice increases in mass. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03000009 | material accumulation process | http://sweetontology.net/phenCryo/Accumulation | http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
4 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001619 | snow and ice accumulation process | A material accumulation process during which a accumulation of snow and ice forms or increases in mass. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03000009 | material accumulation process | http://sweetontology.net/phenCryo/Accumulation | http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
5 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001622 | englacial process | An environmental system process which occurs within a glacier or ice sheet. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_02500000 | environmental system process | http://sweetontology.net/phenCryo/Englacial | http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
6 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_09200023 | depth of snow | snow depth | snow cover | The depth of some snow. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001595 | depth | envoCryo, envoPolar | http://sweetontology.net/phenHydro/SnowCover | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0337-8610, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2282-7215, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0632-7576 | ||||||||||||||||||||
7 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03000142 | snow water equivalent | A depth which inheres in a layer of liquid water derived from the complete melting a mass of snow contained in an area. | In an area of melted snow it's the thickness of acumulated water. This involves a processing step for measurement, may be more appropriate in OBI (if it extends beyond biomedicine). | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001595 | depth | The quantification of snow water equivalent can be done through direct melting of snow in a defined area, or through the derivation of such a value from the processing of remote sensing data of, e.g., snow density and coverage. | envoCryo, envoPolar | http://sweetontology.net/propSpaceThickness/SnowWaterEquivalent | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0337-8610, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2282-7215, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0632-7576 | |||||||||||||||||||
8 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03000037 | glacial ice ablation zone | glacial ice ablation area, glacial ablation area, area of glacial ablation | An ablation zone which is part of a glacier. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000914 | ice ablation zone | This class is more fully defined as: "The part of the glacier, usually at lower elevations, where ablation exceeds accumulation in magnitude, that is, where the cumulative mass balance relative to the start of the mass-balance year is negative. Unless qualified, for example by giving a date within the year, references to the ablation zone refer to its extent at the end of the mass-balance year. The extent of the ablation zone can vary strongly from year to year. A synonym of ablation area." - GCW Terminology and Vocabulary Assessment Report 2018”, GCW report #23/2018 | envoPolar | http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/AblationZone | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ablation | http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 | https://github.com/Vocamp/Virtual-Hackahon-on-Glacier-topic | ||||||||||||||||||
9 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001352 | glacial ice accumulation zone | glacial ice gain zone, area of glacial ice gain, zone of glacial ice gain, glacial ice accumulation area | accumulation area | An ice accumulation zone which overlaps part of a glacier. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001350 | ice accumulation zone | This zone usually occurs at higher elevations and generally overlaps the conversion of snow to glacial ice. | http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/AccumulationZone | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 | https://github.com/Vocamp/Virtual-Hackahon-on-Glacier-topic | |||||||||||||||||||
10 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001371 | alpine tundra ecosystem | A tundra ecosystem which exists at high altitudes and where vegetation is stunted due to low temperatures and high winds. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001370 | tundra ecosystem | envoPolar | http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/AlpineTundra | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpine_tundra | http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 | |||||||||||||||||||||
11 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001505 | alpine tundra biome | mountain tundra | A tundra biome which exists at high altitudes and where vegetation - dominated by a few species of dwarf shrubs, a few grasses, sedges, lichens, and mosses - is stunted due to low temperatures and high winds. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000180 | tundra biome | The absence of trees in this biome is primarily due to high altitude rather than high latitude. On Earth, it lies roughly between the summer isotherm of 10 degrees Centigrade and the snow line. Primary productivity is low in this biome because of the extremes of climate. | envoPolar | http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/AlpineTundra | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpine_tundra | http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 | |||||||||||||||||||
12 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001506 | ice calf | calved ice | An ice mass which has calved off an larger mass of ice. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000293 | ice mass | This definition is intentionally broad to include the multiple existing and used definitions of ice calfs. | http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/Calf | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 | http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 | ||||||||||||||||||||
13 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001507 | floating ice calf | An ice calf which is suspended in a water mass, being partially exposed to an atmosphere. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001506 | ice calf | http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/Calf | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 | http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
14 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001508 | anchored ice calf | An ice calf which is frozen to the bed of an ocean or other water body. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001506 | ice calf | http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/Calf | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 | http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
15 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001509 | terrestrial ice calf | An ice calf which rests on land. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001506 | ice calf | http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/Calf | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 | http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
16 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001517 | drift ice mass | drift ice | A floating mass of ice which is 1) unattached to land or land-fast ice and 2) moved by the action of winds or currents. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001345 | floating ice mass | Prior to approximately 2014, drift ice was synonymous with the various grades of pack ice, described as very open (with an ice concentration of 1/10 to 3/10), open (4/10 to 6/10, with many leads and polynyas and the floes generally not in contact with one another), close (7/10 to 8/10, composed of floes mostly in contact), very close (9/10 to less than 10/10), and compact (10/10, with no water visible, called consolidated pack ice if the floes are frozen together). This is deprecated, with pack ice now referring to drift ice with a concentration equal to or above 7/10; however, other usages are still common. | http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/DriftIce | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 | http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 | ||||||||||||||||||||
17 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001518 | drifting sea ice mass | drift ice | A drift ice mass which is composed primarily of sea ice. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001517 | drift ice mass | http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/DriftIce | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 | http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 | |||||||||||||||||||||
18 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001522 | fast ice | A mass of sea ice which 1) is less than 2 meters in thickness and 2) forms along the coast, where it is attached to the shore, to an ice wall, to an ice front, or between shoals or grounded icebergs. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001536 | sea ice mass | Fast ice is central to the livelihoods of Arctic coastal communities who use it to access fishing and hunting grounds. Vertical fluctuations may be observed during changes of sea level. Fast ice may be formed on site from sea water or by freezing of pack ice of any age to the shore, and it may extend a few yards (meters) or several hundred miles (kilometers) from the coast. Fast ice may be more than one year old and may then be prefixed with appropriate age category (old, second- year, or multiyear). If it is thicker than about 7 ft (2 m) above sea level, it is called an ice shelf. | http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/FastIce | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 | http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 | |||||||||||||||||||||
19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03000066 | sea ice floe | sea ice floes | An ice floe which is formed from frozen sea water, and floats upon the surface of a marine water body. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03000065 | ice floe | envoPolar | http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/Floe | https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glossary/term/ice-floe | http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 | ||||||||||||||||||||
20 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03000046 | frazil ice | New ice which is composed frazil which has congealed into a thin sheet. | Needs to have axioms added pertaining to the semantics of colloids and suspensions once they have been resolved see: https://github.com/pato-ontology/pato/issues/91#issuecomment-290711238 Currently the new ice classes are not specific to sea water as they may form in non marine systems, but it would be good to confirm this especially for frazil ice. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03000063 | new ice | Typically 3 to 4 millimeters in diameter. These new ice classes refer to both marine water and fresh water ice. If using this term for annotation, use it in conjunction with another envo term to express whether the ice is in a marine, freshwater, or other system. | envoPolar | http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/FrazilIce | https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glossary/term/frazil | http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 | |||||||||||||||||||
21 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001524 | frozen land | frozen ground | Land which is below the freezing point of water. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001785 | land | Perennially and seasonally frozen ground can vary from being partially to extensively frozen depending on the extent of the phase change. It may be described as hard frozen ground, plastic frozen ground, or dry frozen ground, depending on the pore ice and unfrozen water contents and its compressibility under load. | http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/FrozenGround | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 | http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 | ||||||||||||||||||||
22 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000133 | glacier | glacial feature | RockGlacier, rock glacier | An ice mass which is of sufficient mass that the action of gravity upon it overcomes the frictional forces holding it in place, causing it to deform and flow towards lower elevation. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001691 | mass of compounded environmental materials | The definition of glacier is highly variable. Two main issues exist: 1) Whether or not a mass of ice must currently show movement to be considered a glacier or not and 2) What is the relationship between ice sheets and glaciers (i.e., which is the parent in a parent/child relationship or whether they are distinct terms). | envoPolar | http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/Glacier | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacier | http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 | ||||||||||||||||||
23 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001529 | glacier snout | glacier terminus, glacier toe | An ice mass which constitutes that part of a glacier which has the lowest elevation. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001547 | land ice mass | http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/GlacierTerminus | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 | http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 | |||||||||||||||||||||
24 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001546 | iceberg | An ice mass which has broken away from a larger ice mass on land, such as a glacier or ice shelf, and may be either afloat or aground. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001547 | land ice mass | The greater part of an iceberg's mass (4/5 to 8/9) is below sea level, which makes them dangerous to shipping in high and mid-latitude regions of the ocean. The top of an ice berg usually protrudes more than 5 m above water-level and typically extends from tens of meters to many tens of kilometres across. Icebergs may be described as tabular, dome-shaped, sloping, pinnacled, dry-docked, blocky, weathered or glacier bergs in addition to having a size qualifier. Icebergs are not sea ice, when they melt they add fresh water to the ocean. The unmodified term "iceberg" usually refers to the irregular masses of ice formed by the calving of glaciers along an orographically rough coast, whereas tabular icebergs and ice islands are calved from an ice shelf, while bergs formed from sea ice are called floebergs. In decreasing size, they are classified as: ice island (few thousand square meters to 500 km^2 in area); tabular iceberg; iceberg; bergy bit (less than 5 m above sea level, between 1 and 200 m^2 in area); and growler (less than 1 m above sea level, about 20 m^2 in area). Alaskan icebergs rarely exceed 500 feet in maximum dimension. Antarctic icebergs originate from the ice mass of the Antarctic continent that has accumulated over many thousands of years. | envoPolar | http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/Iceberg | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 | http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 | ||||||||||||||||||||
25 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001530 | water ice core | ice sample, ice core | An ice mass which has been drilled from an accumulation of snow and ice that has built up over many years and that has recrystallized and has trapped air bubbles from previous time periods. | TODO: add axiom to show this is the output of a "sampling process" | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000293 | ice mass | The composition of an ice core can be used to reconstruct past climates and climate change; typically removed from an ice sheet (Antarctica and Greenland) or from high mountain glaciers elsewhere. | http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/IceCore | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 | http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 | |||||||||||||||||||
26 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001531 | sea ice field | floating ice field | An ice field which is primarily composoed of sea ice floes greater than 10 kilometers across. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000299 | ice field | The floes in a sea ice field must be greater than 10 km across, at least at one location in the field. | http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/IceField | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 | http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 | ||||||||||||||||||||
27 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000380 | ice shelf | An ice mass which 1) is attached to the coast 2) at least 2 meters in thickness 3) forms where a glacier or ice mass flows down to a coastline and onto the ocean surface and 4) grows by annual snow accumulation or by the seaward extension of land glaciers. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001547 | land ice mass | An ice shelf may grow hundreds of miles out to sea. Usually of great horizontal extent and with a level or gently undulating surface. Nourished by annual snow accumulation and also by the seaward extension of land glaciers. Limited areas may be aground. Ice shelves are much thicker than sea ice often filling embayments in the coastline of an ice sheet.. Currently, nearly all ice shelves are in Antarctica, where most of the ice discharged into the ocean flows via ice shelves. The mass balance of an ice shelf may have significant components of both gain and loss at the base. The seaward edge is termed an ice front. The calving of an ice shelf forms tabular icebergs and ice islands. | envoPolar | http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/IceShelf, SWEETRealm:IceShelf | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_shelf | |||||||||||||||||||||
28 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001545 | two-dimensional fiat water ice surface | A two-dimensional fiat ice surface which is composed primarily of water ice. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001544 | two-dimensional fiat ice surface | http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/IceSurface | http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
29 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001547 | land ice mass | An ice mass which has formed over land. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000293 | ice mass | Land ice is any part of the Earth's seasonal or perennial ice cover that has formed over land as the result, principally, of the freezing of precipitation; opposed to sea ice formed by the freezing of seawater. Thus, an iceberg or tabular iceberg is land ice as well as its parent glacier, ice sheet, or ice shelf. The two major concentrations of land ice are the ice sheets of Greenland and Antarctica. Glaciers and ice caps are the other important forms; however, some members of the glaciology community hold that glaciers (i.e. rock glaciers) need not have any ice. | envoPolar | http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/LandIce | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 | http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 | ||||||||||||||||||||
30 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001550 | sea-ice lead | lead | An ice lead which occurs in a marine water body and is bounded by sea ice. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001551 | ice lead | envoPolar | http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/Lead | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 | http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 | ||||||||||||||||||||
31 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001551 | ice lead | lead | A surface layer of a water body which has been formed as the result of surface ice fracturing and moving apart. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001554 | surface layer of a water body | Generally, leads are wide enough (and deep enough) for navigation by surface vessels. The term is generally applied to linear features. If the open area is very large it may be called a polynya, although the application of these terms is under debate. | envoPolar | http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/Lead | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 | http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 | |||||||||||||||||||
32 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001556 | pack ice mass | drift ice | A drift ice mass which has an ice concentration above or equal to 7/10: which covers 70% or more of a given area of a water body. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001517 | drift ice mass | http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/PackIce | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 | http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 | |||||||||||||||||||||
33 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00002200 | sea ice | Water ice which has formed by the freezing of sea water. | Parse comment from GCW and new subclases where appropriate. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001557 | water-body-derived ice | In the United States, NOAA sea ice operations does not include superstructure icing as being sea ice. In sea ice operations however, sea ice is any form of ice found at sea which has originated from the freezing of sea water. It presents the main kind of floating ice encountered at sea. Except where it forms ridges, sea ice is up to a few metres thick, in which respect it differs from shelf ice. Sea ice may be discontinuous pieces (ice floes) moved on the ocean surface by wind and currents (pack ice), or a motionless sheet attached to the coast (land-fast ice). In brief, it forms first as lolly ice (frazil crystals), thickens into sludge, and coagulates into sheet ice, pancake ice, or into floes of various shapes and sizes. Thereafter, sea ice may develop into pack ice and/or become a form of pressure ice. Sea ice less than one year old is called first-year ice. Perennial ice is sea ice that survives at least one summer. It may be subdivided into second-year ice and multi-year ice, where multiyear ice has survived at least two summers. | envoPolar | http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/SeaIce | |||||||||||||||||||||
34 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03000071 | first year ice | seasonal ice | Sea ice which has formed over a single freezing season. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00002200 | sea ice | Sea ice develops from young ice; thickness from 0.3 to 2 meters (1 to 6.6 feet). Sea ice be subdivided into thin first-year ice (white ice), medium first-year ice, and thick first-year ice. First-year ice is distinguished from older ice primarily by having a higher salinity. Undeformed first-year ice differs from older ice in that it is smoother and lacks refrozen melt ponds. Characteristically level where undisturbed by pressure, but where ridges occur, they distinguished by being larger, more angular, and more porous than multiyear ridges. | envoPolar | http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/SeasonalIce | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_ice#New_ice.2C_nilas_and_young_ice, http://nsidc.org/arcticseaicenews/tag/first-year-ice/ | http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 | |||||||||||||||||||
35 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000039 | fjord | A long and narrow sea inlet with high steeply sloped walled sides. A fjord is a landform created during a period of glaciation. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000137 | coastal inlet | envoPolar | SWEETRealm:Fiord, SWEETRealm:Fjord | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fjord | ||||||||||||||||||||||
36 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000145 | ice cap | icecap | ice field | A dome-shaped ice mass that covers less than 50,000 km2 of land area (usually covering a highland area). | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001547 | land ice mass | envoPolar | SWEETRealm:IceCap | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_cap | ||||||||||||||||||||
37 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000299 | ice field | icefall, ice patch, iceberg | IceSheet, ice field, ice sheet, icecap | A field of ice, formed in regions of perennial frost. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000352 | field | Ice mass may need to be resolved from ice field, the former referring simply to an accumulation of ice. | envoPolar | SWEETRealm:IceField | ADL:FTT | |||||||||||||||||||
38 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000132 | ice sheet | pack ice, shelf ice, ICE FIELD, polar ice pack, ice field, Arctic pack, island ice, continental glacier, bay ice, rock glacier, continental ice, ice mass, glacial tongue, polar ice | A glacier which covers an area of greater than 50,000 square kilometers. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000133 | glacier | This is not always classified as a glacier in the cryosphere community. | envoPolar | SWEETRealm:IceSheet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_sheet | ||||||||||||||||||||
39 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000895 | snowfall | snow fall | A hydrological process in which irregular aggregates of snow fall to a planetary surface. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000703 | hydrological precipitation process | environmental_hazards, envoCryo, envoPolar | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0632-7576, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0337-8610, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2282-7215, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
40 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000882 | icestorm | glaze event, glaze storm, silver thaw, ice storm, silver storm | glaze event, silver thaw | An atmospheric storm during which freezing rain falls and accumulates as ice on exposed surfaces. | Note it is a hazard, could perhaps later link to https://github.com/Vocamp/Hazard or https://github.com/Vocamp/Hazard/blob/master/concept-map/ModifiedHazardousSituation.png and https://github.com/SDG-InterfaceOntology/sdgio/issues/14 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000877 | atmospheric storm | The U.S. National Weather Service defines an ice storm as a storm which results in the accumulation of at least 0.25-inch (6.4 mm) of ice on exposed surfaces.|Icestorms are associated with multiple hazards. Significant accumulations of ice pull down trees and utility lines resulting in loss of power and communication. These accumulations of ice make walking and driving extremely dangerous. Significant ice accumulations are usually accumulations of 0.25 inch or 0.60 cm or more. Has synonyms silver storm, glaze storm. | environmental_hazards, envoCryo, envoPolar, envoAtmo | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_storm | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2282-7215, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0632-7576, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0337-8610, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327 | ||||||||||||||||||
41 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03000091 | permafrost methane explosion | An explosion during which methane-rich gas trapped in permafrost combusts. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03000090 | explosion process | environmental_hazards, envoPolar | http://www.sciencealert.com/7-000-huge-gas-bubbles-have-formed-under-siberia-and-could-explode-at-any-moment, http://www.nature.com/news/mysterious-siberian-crater-attributed-to-methane-1.15649 | http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
42 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000896 | freezing rainfall | freezing rain, freezing rain fall | Water-based rainfall which freezes either 1) on impact with a surface to form a coating of clear ice (glaze) or 2) after percolating through surface layers. | This term exists, we're revising the definition with ESIP semantic Harmonization group, delete the old one. Consider adding axioms like PATO:"decreased temperature" to this and other cold forms of precipitation, such that we can create a grouping class to be filled by inference (with hail, sleet, snow, freezing rain). Something like precipitation below the liquid-solid phase transition point of water. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000830 | water-based rainfall | A surface temperature inversion is usually required. In such an inversion, the surface must have a temperature below freezing, while the temperature of the atmosphere where the precipitation forms is above freezing. Alternately, if the temperature of the ground surface and glazed objects is typically near or below freezing (0C or 32F), it is necessary that the water drops be supercooled before striking. Freezing rain can sometimes occur on surfaces exposed to the air (such as tree limbs) with air temperatures slightly above freezing in strong winds. Local evaporational cooling may result in freezing. Freezing rain frequently occurs, therefore, as a transient condition between the occurrence of rain and ice pellets (sleet). When encountered by an aircraft in flight, freezing rain can cause a dangerous accretion of clear icing. In aviation weather observations, this hydrometeor is encoded ZR by NOAA. | environmental_hazards, envoPolar, envoCryo | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0337-8610, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2282-7215, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0632-7576 | |||||||||||||||||||
43 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000624 | hydrological condensation process | condensation | Hydrological condensation is a process in which atmospheric water vapour undergoes a phase transition from the gas phase to the liquid phase. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000724 | condensation process | "process" is included in the label to make it clear that we are not referring to the condensed material (e.g. water droplets, window fog) | envoAtmo, envoPolar | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensation | |||||||||||||||||||||
44 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000429 | arete | ridge | A ridge which is jagged, narrow and separates glacier valleys or cirques. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000283 | ridge | The ridge frequently resembles the blade of a serrated knife. A French term referring to the bones in a fish backbone. Aretes are typically formed when two glaciers erode parallel U-shaped valleys. Aretes can also form when two glacial cirques erode towards one another, although frequently this results in a saddle-shaped pass, called a col. | envoCryo, envoPolar | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2282-7215, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0632-7576, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0337-8610 | ||||||||||||||||||||
45 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001848 | rime | Water ice which 1) has a white or milky and opaque appearance, 2) has a granular texture, and 3) is formed as a result of the deposition and rapid freezing of supercooled water drops as they make contact with an exposed object. | The previously use definition was: Frost which is 1) composed primarily of granular ice tufts, 2) formed on the windward sides of exposed objects through contact with supercooled fog or cloud, and 3) built out directly against the wind. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001850 | frost | Rime is denser and harder than hoarfrost, but lighter, softer, and less transparent than glaze. Rime is composed essentially of discrete ice granules and has densities as low as 0.2-0.3 g cm-3. Glaze is generally continuous but with some air pockets and has much higher densities. Factors that favor rime formation are small drop size, slow accretion, a high degree of supercooling, and rapid dissipation of latent heat of fusion. The opposite effects favor glaze formation. Both rime and glaze occur when supercooled water drops strike an object at a temperature below freezing. Such formation on terrestrial objects constitutes an ice storm; on aircraft, it is called aircraft icing (where rime is known as rime ice). Either rime or glaze may form on snow crystals, droxtals, or other ice particles in the atmosphere. When such a deposit is wholly or chiefly of rime, snow pellets result; when most or all of the deposit is glaze, ordinary hail or ice pellets result. The alternating clear and opaque layers of some hailstones represent glaze and rime, deposited under varying conditions around the growing hailstone. | envoCryo, envoPolar | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0337-8610, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0632-7576, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2282-7215, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 | ||||||||||||||||||||
46 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03000137 | freezing fog | A fog the droplets of which freeze upon contact with exposed objects, forming a coating of rime or glaze. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000844 | fog | Freezing fog forms when the air temperature is below freezing and the water droplets in the fog become supercooled. | envoCryo, envoPolar | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736, http://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Main_Page | http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2282-7215, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0632-7576, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0337-8610 | |||||||||||||||||||||
47 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03000139 | ice fog | frozen fog, pogonip, ice-crystal fog | air hoar, rime fog, frost fog, frost flakes | Fog which is composed of particles of ice. | In future will add computable renditions of size and temperature constraints. The synonyms of this class can be quite confusing, as they reference entities like frost (which requires a surface for deposition). Might need to add a new droxtal class see https://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Droxtal. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000844 | fog | The suspended particles may be partly ice crystals 20 to 100 micron in diameter, but chiefly, especially when dense, droxtals 12-20 micron in diameter. Ice fog is formed by direct freezing of supercooled water droplets with little growth directly from the vapor. It occurs at very low temperatures, and usually in clear, calm weather in high latitudes. The sun is usually visible and may cause halo phenomena or luminous pillars. Ice fog is rare at temperatures warmer than -30 °C, and increases in frequency with decreasing temperature until it is almost always present at air temperatures of -45 °C in the vicinity of a source of water vapor. Such sources are the open water of fast-flowing streams or of the sea, herds of animals, volcanoes, and especially products of combustion for heating or propulsion. At temperatures warmer than -30 °C, these sources can cause steam fog of liquid water droplets, which may turn into ice fog when cooled. | envoCryo, envoPolar | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 | http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2282-7215, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0337-8610, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0632-7576 | ||||||||||||||||||
48 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03000141 | snow layer | snow cover | A cryospheric layer which is primarily composed of snow. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001609 | cryospheric layer | Follows from the GCW's snow cover definition 2: In general, a layer of snow on the ground surface. Compare snowfield, snowpack. Given the SWEET terms location in its heirarchy I think only the 3rd definition is meant. | envoCryo, envoPolar | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0337-8610, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2282-7215, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0632-7576, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 | ||||||||||||||||||||
49 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03000143 | cryosphere | An astronomical body part which is composed primarily of environmental materials in their frozen form. | For the moment the definition links to liquid water but in the future we might need to link to other materials for other planets, e.g., Mars. Need to make this planet agnostic. Might want to not have the definition link to years as some astronomical body parts might not be in systems with years. Note that in a strict sense, rocks are also frozen but in a practical sense we use terms like "solidified". This maybe something to revist if we add more astrogelogical content. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000813 | astronomical body part | The term refers collectively to the portions of the earth (i.e., a planet) where water is in solid form, including snow cover, floating ice, glaciers, ice caps, ice sheets, seasonally frozen ground and perennially frozen ground (permafrost). The Cryosphere may be divided into the cryoatmosphere, the cryohydrosphere (snow cover, glaciers, and river, lake and sea Ice) and the cryolithosphere (perennially and seasonally cryotic ground, rock glacier). This is an Earth centric definition, other cryospheres will be considered later. Some definitions reffer to that which is sufficiently cold for pure water to freeze for at least a part of each year. It should be noted that "Some authorities exclude the earth's atmosphere from the Earth's Cryosphere; others restrict the term Cryosphere to the regions of the earth's crust where Permafrost exists." Definitions of Cryosphere come from several glossaries including: - PhysicalGeography.net http://physicalgeography.net/ - van Everdingen, Robert, ed., 2005 (1998 revised May 2005). Multi-language glossary of permafrost and related ground-ice terms. Boulder, CO: National Snow and Ice Data Center/World Data Center for Glaciology. [https://globalcryospherewatch.org/reference/glossary_docs/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Ground-Ice_IPA_2005.pdf] - American Meteorological Society, 2015. Glossary of Meteorology [online], Available at: http://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Main_Page. [Accessed 27/01/2017]. - EU Climate-ADAPT (The European Climate Adaptation Platform), no date, Glossary, Available from: http://climate-adapt.eea.europa.eu/glossary - IPCC, 2014: Annex II: Glossary [Agard, J., Schipper, E. L. F., (ed.)]. In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Birkmann, J., Campos, M., Dubeux, C., Nojiri, Y., Olsson, L., Osman-Elasha, B., Pelling, M., Prather, M. J., Rivera-Ferre M. G., Ruppel, O. C., Sallenger, A., Smith, K. R., St. Clair, A. L.,]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. [Link] - NSIDC, The National Snow and Ice Data Center glossary is available at https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glossary, Last accessed [26/01/2016]. - Trombotto, D., P. Wainstein & L. Arenson, 2014, Guía Terminológica de la Geocriología Sudamericana” / “Terminological Guide of the South American Geocryology, 1a ed. 128 pp. [Link] - UNESCO-WMO, 2012, International Glossary of Hydrology, 3rd edition, WMO-No. 385. [Link] | envoCryo, envoPolar | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 | http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0337-8610, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2282-7215, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0632-7576 | ||||||||||||||||||||
50 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03000144 | planetary cryosphere | A cryosphere which is part of a planet. | Replacement for ENVO:01000818 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03000143 | cryosphere | envoCryo, envoPolar | http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2282-7215, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0337-8610, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0632-7576, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
51 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03400004 | heavy snowfall | intense snowfall | heavy snow, intense snow | Snowfall which has an increased rate. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000895 | snowfall | This generally means snowfall accumulating to 4 inches or more in depth in 12 hours or less; or snowfall accumulating to 6 inches or more in depth in 24 hours or less. In forecasts, snowfall amounts are expressed as a range of values, e.g., "8 to 12 inches." However, in heavy snow situations where there is considerable uncertainty concerning the range of values, more appropriate phrases are used, such as "...up to 12 inches..." or alternatively "...8 inches or more...". | envoCryo, envoPolar | https://w1.weather.gov/glossary/index.php?word=HEAVY+SNOW | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0632-7576, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0337-8610, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2282-7215, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327 | |||||||||||||||||||
52 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03400006 | lake-effect snowfall | lake-effect snow, lake effect snow | Snowfall which 1) is localized, 2) is convective, and 3) occurs as a result of a cold, dry air mass flowing over a lake with warmer waters and absorbing heat and moisture. | The factors involved in this process are complex, and expert input is needed to refine this. Similar input is needed to create bay-effect and ocean-effect snow. @Brandon: add axioms to relate this concept to proximity to a `lake`; perhaps using colocation and spatial region? | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000895 | snowfall | The formation of lake-effect snow depends on multiple factors, effecting the thresholds of temperature needed in the air and water masses. In the United States this phenomenon is most noted along the south and east shores of the Great Lakes during arctic cold-air outbreaks. | envoCryo, envoPolar | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0337-8610, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0632-7576, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2282-7215, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 | |||||||||||||||||||
53 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03400008 | lambing storm | lamb-blasts, lamb-showers, lamb storm | A snowfall which occurs during springtime and is of low intensity. | Link this to spring once seasons are added to ENVO | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000895 | snowfall | This term is primarily used in England and refers to snowfall in lambing season. It is referred to as a "storm" as it may adversly affect or kill newborn lambs. | envoCryo, envoPolar | https://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Lambing_storm | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0632-7576, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0337-8610, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2282-7215 | |||||||||||||||||||
54 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03400010 | freezing rain | Water-based rain which is composed of supercooled water droplets, which freeze on contact with surfaces. | Could make a freezing rain process class to mirror this in the process hierarchy as subclass to hydrological precipitation process. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001565 | water-based rain | There are communities which consider rain with droplets above the liquid-solid phase transition point of water to be freezing rain should they freeze on contact with a supercooled surface. | envoCryo, envoPolar | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0632-7576, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2282-7215, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0337-8610, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 | ||||||||||||||||||||
55 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03400015 | sleet pellet | sleet | An ice mass which is primarily composed of frozen or mostly frozen raindrops or refrozen partially melted snowflakes. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000293 | ice mass | The size of sleet pellets are considered to be, at most, the size of a pea, although thresholds vary across cultures. | envoCryo, envoPolar | https://w1.weather.gov/glossary/index.php?word=sleet | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2282-7215, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0632-7576, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0337-8610, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 | ||||||||||||||||||||
56 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03400016 | area of ice cover | An environmental zone which is covered or partially covered by ice. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000408 | environmental zone | envoCryo, envoPolar | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2282-7215, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0337-8610, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0632-7576, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
57 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03400017 | depth of water ice | The depth of some water ice. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001595 | depth | envoCryo, envoPolar | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0337-8610, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2282-7215, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0632-7576 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
58 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_09200022 | mass density of snow | snow mass density | The mass density of some snow. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001019 | mass density | envoCryo, envoPolar | |||||||||||||||||||||||
59 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000880 | hailstorm | An atmospheric storm during which intense hailfall occurs | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000882 | icestorm | envoCryo, envoPolar, environmental_hazards, envoAtmo | https://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Hailstorm | http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0632-7576, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0337-8610, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2282-7215, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
60 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_04000001 | frost heaving process | Frost heaving is a process during which an upwards swelling of soil occurs due to freezing conditions caused by an increasing presence of ice as it grows towards the surface. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001664 | cryoturbation of soil | envoNceas, envoPolar | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frost_heaving, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
61 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_04000009 | active permafrost layer | active layer of permafrost | A layer which is composed of ground that is 1) subject to annual thawing and freezing and 2) present in areas underlain by permafrost. | Potential synonyms are seasonal frost, frost zone, and mollisol. See issue #741 in GitHub for additional details. These synonyms should be validated in a cryohackathon. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001610 | active layer in a cryosphere | envoNceas, envoPolar | https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glossary/term/active-layer | |||||||||||||||||||||
62 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000306 | freshwater environment | fresh water environment | An aquatic environment which is determined by freshwater. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000317 | aquatic environment | envoOmics, envoPolar, envoEmpo | |||||||||||||||||||||||
63 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000085 | alpine glacier | A glacier contained in the site of a mountain valley. | We need to added classes such as "valley site" in order to fully axiomatize this class | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000133 | glacier | envoPolar | https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1216/text.html, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacier#Types, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpine_glacier | http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 | |||||||||||||||||||||
64 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000112 | area of tundra | Arctic land, TundraEcosystem | A vegetated area which is part of a tundra ecosystem. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001305 | vegetated area | envoPolar | http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
65 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000134 | permafrost | Permafrost | Soil or rock and included ice or organic material at or below the freezing point of water (0 degrees Celsius or 32 degrees Fahrenheit) for two or more years. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00010483 | environmental material | Ice is not always present, as may be in the case of nonporous bedrock, but it frequently occurs and it may be in amounts exceeding the potential hydraulic saturation of the ground material. | envoPolar | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permafrost, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 | |||||||||||||||||||||
66 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000146 | snow field | snowfield, SNOWFIELD | SnowField, snowfield | A region of permanent snow in mountainous areas or high latitudes. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000352 | field | envoPolar | USGS:SDTS | |||||||||||||||||||||
67 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000155 | cirque | corrie, cwm, cirque basin, coombe, coomb, cirques | A depression which is semicircular or crescent-shaped, found towards the crest of a mountain, and formed by the erosional processes caused by the motion of a glacier. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000248 | glacial valley | envoPolar | http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Glacial+cirque, http://www.antarctica.ac.uk/apc/genericterms.html, USGS:SDTS | http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 | |||||||||||||||||||||
68 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000177 | moraine | glacial moraine | An accumulation of boulders, stones, or other debris carried and deposited by a glacier. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000813 | astronomical body part | envoPolar | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moraine, USGS:SDTS | ||||||||||||||||||||||
69 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000181 | nunatak | glacier feature | nunataks, nunatak, peak, mountain summit | The exposed summit of a ridge, mountain, or peak not covered with ice or snow within an ice field or glacier. The term is typically used in areas where a permanent ice mass is present. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000480 | peak | "peak" in the definition is understood as a synonym of mount, rather than of summit. Nunataks may also refer to areas of ridges. The definition and placement of this class may need to be revised. | envoPolar | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nunatak | ||||||||||||||||||||
70 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000184 | hanging valley | valley | A tributary valley with the floor at a higher relief than the main channel into which it flows. They are most commonly associated with U-shaped valleys when a tributary glacier flows into a glacier of larger volume. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000248 | glacial valley | envoPolar | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valley#Hanging_valleys | ||||||||||||||||||||||
71 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000187 | tundra mire | Peatlands with a shallow peat layer, only about 500 mm thick, dominated by sedges and grasses. They form in permafrost areas, covering around 110,000 to 160,000 km2 in Alaska, Canada, and the former USSR. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000044 | peatland | envoPolar | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peatland#Types_of_peatland | |||||||||||||||||||||||
72 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000198 | ice-covered lake | A lake permanently covered by ice. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000488 | glacial lake | envoPolar | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake#Types_of_lakes | |||||||||||||||||||||||
73 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000200 | periglacial lake | A lake, part of whose margin is formed by an ice mass, ice cap or glacier, the ice having obstructed the natural drainage of the land. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000488 | glacial lake | envoPolar | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake#Types_of_lakes | |||||||||||||||||||||||
74 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000201 | fjord lake | A lake in a glacially eroded valley, which has been eroded below sea level. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000020 | lake | envoPolar | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake#Types_of_lakes | |||||||||||||||||||||||
75 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000248 | glacial valley | valley | A valley that contains, or contained, a glacier and was formed by glacial activity. Typically U-shaped in cross-section. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000100 | valley | envoPolar | MA:ma | ||||||||||||||||||||||
76 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000249 | lateral moraine | moraine | The parallel ridges of till deposited along the sides of an alglacier. The unconsolidated debris is deposited on top of the glacier by frost shattering of the valley walls and from tributary streams flowing into the valley. The till is carried along the glacial margin until the glacier melts. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000177 | moraine | envoPolar | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moraine | ||||||||||||||||||||||
77 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000250 | medial moraine | A moriane formed when the inside lateral moraines of two glaciers merge together. They form a ridge down the center of the combined glaciers. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000177 | moraine | envoPolar | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moraine | |||||||||||||||||||||||
78 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000251 | ground moraine | A till covered area with irregular topography and no ridges, often forming gently rolling hills or plains. Forms by the accumulation of till under the ice by lodgement, but may also be deposited as the glacier retreats. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000177 | moraine | envoPolar | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moraine | |||||||||||||||||||||||
79 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000252 | terminal moraine | end moraine | delta moraine, moraine | Ridges of unconsolidated debris deposited at the snout or end of the glacier. They usually reflect the shape of the glacier's terminus. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000177 | moraine | envoPolar | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moraine | |||||||||||||||||||||
80 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000273 | continental slope | A slope which 1) is part of the seafloor and 2) extends from the end of the continental shelf (the shelf break) to the continental rise. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00002000 | slope | envoPolar | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_margin | |||||||||||||||||||||||
81 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000298 | marine iceberg | ICEBERG | Iceberg, glacial iceberg, glacial berg, arched iceberg, iceberg | A large mass of detached land ice in the sea or stranded in shallow water. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001546 | iceberg | envoPolar | USGS:SDTS | |||||||||||||||||||||
82 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000307 | icefall | ice-fall, ice fall | A portion of a glacier characterized by rapid flow, a chaotic crevassed surface, and a pronounced, at times vertical, slope. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001547 | land ice mass | Icefalls may be formed as glaciers flow through narrow openings in landmasses. | envoPolar | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icefall | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 | ||||||||||||||||||||
83 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000342 | ice cap dome | icecap dome | ice mass | icecap dome | A comparatively elevated area on an icecap. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000176 | elevation | envoPolar | Geonames:feature | ||||||||||||||||||||
84 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000392 | ice tongue | glacier tongue | glacial tongue | A long and narrow sheet of ice projecting out from the coastline. An ice tongue forms when a valley glacier moves very rapidly out into the ocean or a lake. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001547 | land ice mass | envoPolar | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_tongue | |||||||||||||||||||||
85 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000413 | pingo | hydrolaccolith, pingos | mount | bulginniakh, bugor | A mound of earth-covered ice found in the Arctic, subarctic, and Antarctica that can reach up to 70 metres in height and up to 2 kilometres in diameter. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000176 | elevation | Pingos may occur in cold-climate wetland areas, but are not necessarily wetlands themselves. | envoPolar | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pingo, DOI:10.1016/0033-5894(76)90039-9 | |||||||||||||||||||
86 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000430 | dirt cone | A feature of a glacier, in which dirt, which has fallen into a hollow in the ice, forms a coating which insulates the ice below. The surrounding ice melts away, leaving the dirt cone. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000191 | solid astronomical body part | envoPolar | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirt_cone | |||||||||||||||||||||||
87 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000435 | proglacial lake | lake | A lake formed either by the damming action of a moraine or ice dam during the retreat of a melting glacier, or one formed by meltwater trapped against an ice mass due to isostatic depression of the crust around the ice. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000488 | glacial lake | envoPolar | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proglacial_lake | ||||||||||||||||||||||
88 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000455 | tarn | corrie loch | A mountain lake that is formed in a cirque excavated by a glacier. A moraine may form a natural dam below a tarn. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000020 | lake | envoPolar | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarn_(lake) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
89 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000456 | tidewater glacier | A glacier which terminates in a lake or the sea, with terminus either floating or grounded | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000133 | glacier | The adjective indicates geographical setting, and not that tides play a role in the mass balance. Typically, tidewater glaciers calve ice to produce icebergs. There are currently issues in the community about the definition of this glacier type: It is undecided whether or not a) a tidewater glacier has to have a grounded terminus and b) whether glaciers terminating in a lake can be considered to be tidewater glaciers. | envoPolar | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidewater_glacier#Types_of_glaciers | ||||||||||||||||||||||
90 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000457 | plateau glacier | A glacier on a plateau or high area, smaller than an ice sheet. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000133 | glacier | envoPolar | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidewater_glacier#Types_of_glaciers | |||||||||||||||||||||||
91 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000459 | outlet glacier | A glacier fed by an ice sheet. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000133 | glacier | envoPolar | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidewater_glacier#Types_of_glaciers | |||||||||||||||||||||||
92 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000487 | paternoster lake | lake | One of a series of glacial lakes connected by a single stream or a braided stream system. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000488 | glacial lake | envoPolar | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paternoster_lake | ||||||||||||||||||||||
93 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000488 | glacial lake | A lake which is primarily composed of glacial meltwater and which fills a depression formed as a result of a glacial erosion process. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000020 | lake | envoPolar | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacial_lake | http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
94 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000528 | ice cap ridge | icecap reach | ridge | A linear elevation on an icecap. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000283 | ridge | envoPolar | Geonames:feature | |||||||||||||||||||||
95 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000531 | ice cap depression | icecap depression | icecap depression | A depression which is part of an ice cap. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000309 | depression | envoPolar | ||||||||||||||||||||||
96 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00002236 | cryosol | gelisol | Cryosols comprise mineral soils formed in a permafrost environment. Where water is present, it occurs primarily in the form of ice. Cryogenic processes are the dominant soil-forming processes. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001526 | frozen soil | envoPolar | FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf | ||||||||||||||||||||||
97 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00009686 | ice rise | An ice rise is an elevation which is part of an ice shelf, typically dome shared, and formed by the ice shelf overriding an obstruction in the seabed. An ice rise may be adjacent only to an ice shelf, or to an ice shelf and a sea. For some features, properly ice rises, the term island has become established through usage. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000176 | elevation | envoPolar | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_rise, http://www.antarctica.ac.uk/apc/genericterms.html | |||||||||||||||||||||||
98 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00009725 | ice piedmont | A glacier covering a coastal strip of low-lying land backed by mountains, and sloping gently seaward over a distance up to 30km or more to terminate in ice cliffs or to merge with an ice shelf. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000133 | glacier | envoPolar | http://www.antarctica.ac.uk/apc/genericterms.html | |||||||||||||||||||||||
99 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00009726 | strand crack | Fissure at the junction between an inland ice sheet, ice piedmont or ice rise and an ice shelf, the latter being subject to the rise and fall of the tide. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000667 | geological fracture | envoPolar | http://www.antarctica.ac.uk/apc/genericterms.html | |||||||||||||||||||||||
100 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000186 | polar desert biome | A polar desert biome is a desert biome which is subject to low levels of insolation, annual precipitation less than 250 millimeters, and a mean temperature less than 10 degrees Celsius during its warmest month. Temperature changes in polar deserts frequently cross the freezing point of water. | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000179 | desert biome | Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. | envoPolar | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_desert | ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 | |||||||||||||||||||||