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Matt Ridley

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#67493 in Books Matt Ridley 2016-10-25 2016-10-25Originallanguage:EnglishPDF # 1 8.00 x .83 x 5.31l, .0 #File Name:0062296019368 pagesThe Evolution of Everything How New Ideas Emerge| File size: 72.Mb

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Matt Ridley : TheEvolution of Everything: How New Ideas Emerge before purchasingit in order to gage whether or not it would be worth my time, andall praised The Evolution of Everything: How New Ideas Emerge:

78 of 83 people found the following review helpful. Shades ofHerbert Spencer's "Social Darwinism", but more evolved thinkingByEtiam si omnes, ego nonMatt Ridley has a theory: everythingevolves. Building on biological evolution, which he terms a specialtheory of evolution, Matt Ridley develops in this book a generaltheory of how evolution lets new ideas emerge in technology,culture, science, economics, history, politics andphilosophy.Something like Charles Darwin's natural selectionoperates in all these areas to ensure that the fittest ideassurvive while the weakest die out. Trial and error rules, notcommand and control. Things evolve not by design, but by chance.Not from the top down, but from the bottom up.The process ofevolution is slow, gradual, chaotic, brutal, unpredictable andimpossible to stop. (The word "evolution" originally meant "unroll"or "unfold".) Things happen; they are not planned and implemented.They have no cause; there is no effect. Not that design andintention by leaders and directors play no part. But for the mostpart, purposeful design takes a back seat to emergentevolution.Matt Ridley has the background to build this bold theory.A biologist by training, his 1994 book The Red Queen: Sex and theEvolution of Human Nature looked at how sexual selection influencesbiological evolution. In his 2010 book The Rational Optimist: HowProsperity Evolves, he moved from looking at evolution in biologyto seeing its mark in social phenomena.Matt Ridley has the chops tomake that leap. He has long been a science writer and was Americaneditor of the Economist, but he also is a member of the BritishHouse of Lords. He saw economic evolution in action as chairman ofthe British bank Northern Rock, which in the mid 2000s experiencedthe first run on a British bank in 150 years and failed (MattRidley resigned, and the bank was bailed out by the government andnationalized).This book is ambitious. Matt Ridley starts bysketching out the general theory of evolution. He then getsspecific, with chapters discussing evolution in: the universe,morality, life, genes, culture, the economy, technology, the mind,personality, education, population, leadership, government,religion, money, and the internet. Finally, he ends with evolutionof the future.How exactly does this evolutionary process work? Totake just one example that everyone will quickly grasp, the Englishlanguage just evolves. No one is in charge of it or directs it. Noone could. Changes in the language just happen as millions ofpeople use it. Popular changes become accepted and entrenched.Unpopular changes die out and disappear. Evolution in the languagehappens slowly, but it never stops.The book has its weaknesses (nofootnotes, for example -- just "sources and further reading" listedby chapter at the end), but for me, it was 320 pages of fun. Neverhesitant to stretch his theory, but always ready to back up hisideas, Matt Ridley makes a strong case for the general theory ofevolution. And he notes how this idea is not new, tracing itsgenesis back to Epicurus and then Lucretius in his De rerum natura(the story of which is chronicled in The Swerve: How the WorldBecame Modern) and then through Charles Darwin, Adam Smith, andothers.I don't buy everything Matt Ridley argues. There are shadesof the largely discredited "Social Darwinism" of Herbert Spencerand others in Matt Ridley's thinking. Some of the pegs are a littletoo round to fit comfortably in the square hole he tries to forcethem into. But generally, I think he is right. Politicians like tothink they are in charge of society, and they can make it work.Instead, I think that comes from "we the people", and what emergesis not always what we want.3 of 3 people found the following reviewhelpful. Just Plain Awesome!By bowen zhaoThis is perhaps myfavorite book from Matt Ridley, and that is saying a lot since I'veread all of his books and loved every single one of them. The maintheme is emergentism or up-down processes not just in nature butalso in society. Too many religious conservatives are creationistswith regard to nature. They believe in top-down design and planningfrom an omniscient creators. But so are people on the left. Insteadof top-down thinking about nature, liberals think society should beorganized from the top, with a omniscient government that canhandle every problem in society. However the top-down view ofsociety is purely and illusion. Society is so complex andrandomness such a huge factor that no governmental body is capableto organizing everything. Society is just like nature. Both areemergent, bottom-up phenomena.The writing is lucid and persuasiveas usually. Even though this book's theme might sound dry andintellectual from the way I describe it, it has a lot of heart andhumanity. Ridley decries the crimes against humanity by top-downauthoritarian governments from the past and today. He gives you aclear view of how the inhumane actions of these governments destroyhuman creativity and free expression.I love this book. Even as anmaster's student in evolutionary psychology, there are things aboutevolution in this books that I haven't considered and brought to memany new perspectives to think from.3 of 3 people found thefollowing review helpful. Rationalist look into the evolutionary of(almost) everythingBy A. MenonThe evolution of everything is MattRidley's most recent published book coming after the RationalOptimist. It is a brief history from a rationalist point of view ofa host of interesting topics ranging from hard sciences tophilosophy. At times it can seem quite cold but it is always basedon reason and thus the perspective is always worth reading, even ifit is disagreed with. If one wants to get a sense of how many ofmankind's culture evolved this book is a great resource.Theevolution of everything gives a synthesis of a host of topics thatoften define humanity. The author begins with the Universe andstarts by introducing the idea of a skyhook. In particular thatwhen at a loss for explanation defer to the divine as a hook tohang the answer on. Matt Ridley endeavors to remove skyhooks acrossa host of topics throughout the book. He begins with Morality anddiscusses how Smith in Theory of Moral Sentiments was on to a veryimportant idea when he discusses how morality evolves to createsocial stability. The book is a great composition of history,science and philosophy. The author discusses evolution as an ideaand how intelligent design has been shown to hang itself onskyhooks that time has removed. The author discusses genes and theidea of the selfish gene and in particular that genes don't evolveto fit a function but rather surviving genes somehow improvechances of success in unbeknownst to them. The author gives greatoverviews of how culture can change over time and is contextual hetackles how the economy evolved. The author gets into topics likeeducation and will likely cause alarm with his criticisms of moderneducation. In particular the author discusses how the moderneducation system was developed to modernize the Prussian state anddoesn't encourage creativity. The author gets into the benefits ofthe Montessori system. The author also discusses historicallysensitive subjects like population and how Malthusian and SocialDarwinist ideas dominated the last 200 years inclusive of evenrecent history. In particular the author is highly critical ofpopulation containment policy advocated even in the last twodecades towards poor countries as paternalist and Malthusian. Theauthor is critical of government and discusses how the state arosenot out of benevolence but as a kind of social parasite preying onthe productivity of its citizens. The author also documents howsocieties function much better than imagined in the absence ofgovernment and the Hobbesian outcome of life being brutish andshort in the absence of government is an overstatement. There is anextremely strong libertarian narrative throughout the book. Theauthor spends a lot of time discussing how the idea of governmentsponsored research as being the bedrock of modern development isnonsense and how ideas like the internet being developed by thegovernment reinforce his point. In particular the author feelsstrongly that individuals don't make as large of a difference as isusually advocated and that important developments are usually beingconsidered by contemporaneous citizens (calculus, the lightbulb,the steam engine all had multiple simultaneous people realizingtheir significance). The author takes aim at lots of peopleincluding those fearful of global warming. These arguments aren'ttaken as anti scientific but rather that becoming obsessed with anidea that isnt well understood can be similar to becoming religiousabout the cause. The author discusses things like bitcoin as welland the likely creator and ends with the internet which is ofcourse a force that we are still coming to grips with.It is hardnot to learn something from the evolution of everything. Personallythere is much that i agree with and much that i don't buteverything in the book has supporting evidence and is argued withreason. It is not all fact as reasoned opinion remains opinion butone should not dismiss any of this commentary because it disagreeswith ones beliefs. Definitely an enjoyable read, most sectionsretain the readers interest, others draw sympathy and some causeirritation but they do not bore.

Human society evolves. Change in technology, language, morality,and society is incremental, inexorable, gradual, and spontaneous.It follows a narrative, going from one stage to the next, and itlargely happens by trial and errormdash;a version of naturalselection. Much of the human world is the result of human actionbut not of human design: it emerges from the interactions ofmillions, not from the plans of a few.Drawing on fascinatingevidence from science, economics, history, politics, andphilosophy, Matt Ridley demolishes conventional assumptions thatthe great events and trends of our day are dictated by those onhigh. On the contrary, our most important achievements develop fromthe bottom up. The Industrial Revolution, cell phones, the rise ofAsia, and the Internet were never planned; they happened. Languagesemerged and evolved by a form of natural selection, as did commonlaw. Torture, racism, slavery, and pedophiliamdash;all once widelyregarded as acceptablemdash;are now seen as immoral despite thedecline of religion in recent decades.In this wide-ranging, eruditebook, Ridley brilliantly makes the case for evolution, rather thandesign, as the force that has shaped much of our culture, ourtechnology, our minds, and that even now is shaping our future.

ldquo;A highly intelligent and bracingly iconoclastic view of theworld. It forces us to see life through new eyes.rdquo; (New YorkTimes Book )ldquo;A compelling argument...a fascinating work...Theway the book frames the argument is delightfully novel...Ridley hasamassed such a weight of fascinating evidence and anecdote that thepages fly by.rdquo; (The Times (Saturday ))ldquo;Ridley shows howhard it has been for even the most definite evolutionists to fullyabandon the notion of a guiding intelligencehellip;Yet that is whatthe hard evidencehellip;that Ridley adduces in every chaptercompels us all to do.rdquo; (Booklist (starred review))ldquo;Thispenetrating book is Mr. Ridleyrsquo;s best and most important workto datehellip;there is something profoundly democratic andegalitarian-even anti-elitist-in this bottom-up approach: Everyonecan have a role in bringing about change.rdquo; (Wall StreetJournal)ldquo;An exceptional book: exceptionally easy to read, easyto understand, easy to appreciatehellip;Of the many good generaltexts on the subject, THE EVOLUTION OF EVERYTHING emerges as thefittest to champion the case for the ubiquity of evolution.rdquo;(Washington Times)ldquo;Ridley is a provocative, occasionallypugnacious writer and his book is intriguing and artfullyargued.rdquo; (London Sunday Times)ldquo;Highly readable,invariably interestinghellip;Ridleyrsquo;s laudable aim is todisenthrall us of our intuitive creationism and make us seeevolution at work everywherehellip;Ridley succeeds inspadeshellip;He possesses the rare power to see the world in adifferent light - one made not by great men or women but byundirected, incremental change.rdquo; (New Scientist)ldquo;Aningeniousstudyhellip;fascinatinghellip;thought-provokinghellip;difficult toput down.rdquo; (Kirkus, starredreview)ldquo;Impressivehellip;Readers of evolutionary theory,sociology, history, anthropology and philosophy shall be highlyentertained by this thought-provoking read.rdquo; (LibraryJournal)ldquo;Building on the timeless insights of Lucretius,Ridley examines how civilization inexorably organizes itself.Wrong-headed social theories, he and Lucretius agree, just get inthe way.rdquo; (Stewart Brand, Author, Whole Earth Discipline)Fromthe Back CoverThe New York Times bestselling author of The RationalOptimist and Genome returns with a fascinating argument forevolution that definitively dispels a dangerous, widespread myth:that we can command and control our world.Human society evolves.Change in technology, language, morality, and society isincremental, inexorable, gradual, and spontaneous. It follows anarrative, going from one stage to the next; it creeps rather thanjumps; it has its own spontaneous momentum rather than being drivenfrom outside; it has no goal or end in mind; and it largely happensby trial and errormdash;a version of natural selection. Much of thehuman world is the result of human action but not of human design:it emerges from the interactions of millions, not from the plans ofa few.Drawing on fascinating evidence from science, economics,history, politics, and philosophy, Matt Ridley demolishesconventional assumptions that the great events and trends of ourday are dictated by those on high, whether in government, business,academia, or organized religion. On the contrary, our mostimportant achievements develop from the bottom up. Just as skeinsof geese form Vs in the sky without meaning to and ter-mites buildmud cathedrals without architects, so brains take shape withoutbrain-makers, learning happens without teaching, and moralitychanges for no reason other than the prevailing fashion. Althoughwe neglect, defy, and ignore them, bottom-up trends shape theworld. The Industrial Revolution, cell phones, the rise of Asia,and the Internet were never planned; they happened. Languagesemerged and evolved by a form of natural selection, as did commonlaw. Torture, racism, slavery, and pedophiliamdash;all once widelyregarded asnbsp;acceptablemdash;are now seen as immoral despite thedecline of religion in recent decades. In this wide-ranging anderudite book, Ridley brilliantly makes the case for evolution,rather than design, as the force that has shaped much of ourculture, our technology, our minds, and that even now is shapingour future.As compelling as it is controversial, as authoritativeas it is ambitious, Ridleyrsquo;s deeply thought-provoking bookwill change the way we think about the worldand how it works.About the AuthorMatt Ridley is the award-winning,bestselling author of several books, includingnbsp;The RationalOptimist: How Prosperity Evolves; Genome: The Autobiography of aSpecies in 23 Chapters; and The Red Queen: Sex and the Evolution ofHuman Nature. His books have sold more than one million copies inthirty languages worldwide. He writes regularly for The Times(London) and The Wall Street Journal, and is a member of the Houseof Lords. He lives in England.

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