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GCSE French 2024 Grammar. Itemised list to facilitate review of existing / proposed resources. Helen Myers.
FIRST DRAFT
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Key section
SubsectionDetailNotesConventional term
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NOUN PHRASES
Nouns
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1.1Formation of feminine person nounshighly frequent irregulars will be listed in the Vocabulary List as separate items, e.g., chef, cheffe; héros, héroïne; Juif, JuiveNouns: gender
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1.1.1Add -e
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1.1.2No change (article changes only)
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1.1.3eur➜ -rice and / or -euse
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1.1.4en ➜ -nne
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1.2Formation of plural nouns(highly frequent irregulars will be listed in the Vocabulary List as separate items, e.g., madame, mesdames, monsieur, messieurs, oeil, yeux)Nouns: singular and plural forms.
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1.2.1Add -s to most nouns
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1.2.2Add -x to masculine nouns ending in -(e)au and -eu
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1.2.3No change for nouns ending in -s, -x
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1.3Infinitive used as a nouni.e., as equivalent of -ing (gerund) in English.
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1.4Determiners: Articles Articles: definite, indefinite and partitive, including use of de after negatives
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1.4.1agreementAgreement of articles with noun for gender and number (le, la, les; … un, une, des)
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1.4.2contractionContraction of definite article (le/la ➜ l’) before singular nouns that start with a vowel or h muet
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1.4.3functionsFunctions of definite and indefinite articles including where their use or omission differs from English (e.g., La santé est importante; le mercredi)
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1.4.4useUse of definite article before an adjective to form a noun, including uninflected adjectives for languages and addition of a capital letter where the resulting noun is a nationality (e.g., seul ➜ le seul; anglais ➜ l’anglais, anglaise ➜ l'Anglaise)
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1.4.5partitivePartitive articles when distinguishing between parts and wholes; after jouer with musical instruments; after faire with sportsPartitive articles
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1.4.5HHpartitivePartitive articles with uncountable nouns
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1.4.6contractionContraction of de to d' before a word beginning with a vowelx
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1.4.7useUse of de (and omission of article) (a) before nouns following a verb in negative and (b) after expressions of quantity
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1.4.8.1HHuseUse of article with dans;x
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1.4.8.2HHomissionomission of article with en
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1.5Other determinersAdjectives
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1.5.1demonstrativeDemonstrative adjectives (ce, cet, cette, ces)demonstrative (ce, cet, cette, ces);
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1.5.2possessivePossessive adjectives ((a) mon, ma, mes, (b) ton, ta, tes, (c) son, sa, ses, (d) notre, nos, (e ) votre, vos,( f) leur, leurs)possessive; adjectives
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1.5.3interrogativeInterrogative adjectives (quel, quelle, quels, quelles)Interrogative adjectives
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1.5.4agreementAgreement patterns for indefinite adjectives ((a) chaque, (b) plusieurs, (c) même(s), (d) autre(s),( e) tout(e)(s), tous, (f) quelque(s))indefinite (chaque, quelque);
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1.5.5HHuseUse of negative adjective determiner aucun(e)negative adjective
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1.6PronounsPronouns
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1.6.1subjectSubject pronouns (je, tu, il, elle, on, nous, vous (as singular and plural formal 'you'), ils and elles) will be listed in the Vocabulary List. Their grammar (agreement, position) is laid out in this Grammar Annex.Pronouns: personal: all subjects, including on
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1.6.1H negativeNegative subject pronouns personne ne + verb and rien ne + verb (as equivalent of English 'nobody + verb' and 'nothing + verb')
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1.6.2direct object sgPreverbal position of singular direct object pronouns (me, te, vous, le, la) (not juxtaposed with indirect object pronouns)object: direct (R) and indirect (R);
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1.6.2HHdirect object plPreverbal position of plural direct object pronouns (nous, vous, les) (not juxtaposed with indirect object pronouns)object: direct (R) and indirect (R);
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1.6.3indirect object sgPreverbal position of singular indirect object pronouns (me, te, vous, lui) (not juxtaposed with direct object pronouns)indirect object pronouns
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1.6.3HHiindirect object plPreverbal position of plural indirect object pronouns (nous, vous, leur) (not juxtaposed with direct object pronouns)
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1.6.4reflexive sgPreverbal position of singular reflexive pronouns (me, te, se)Pronouns: reflexive
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1.6.4HHreflexive plPreverbal position of plural reflexive pronouns (nous, vous, se)
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1.6.5contractionContraction of pronouns (me - m', te- t', le/la - l', se- s') before a vowel or h muet
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1.6.6emphatic sgUse of emphatic pronouns moi and toi after prepositions (the pronouns and relevant individual prepositions will be listed separately in the Vocabulary List)
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1.6.6HHemphatic plUse of emphatic pronouns(lui, elle, nous, vous, eux,elles) after prepositions
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1.6.7quiUse of relative pronoun qui in subject relative clausesPronoun/ relative: qui | relative: que;[H]
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1.6.7HHrelativeRelative clauses using wh- pronouns (où, quand, and que)
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1.7HHyPreverbal use of pronoun y (not juxtaposed with other object pronouns, except in the phrase 'il y en a', 'il y en avait' and 'il y en aura')use of y, en; [H]
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1.8HHenPreverbal use of en (not juxtaposed with other object pronouns, except in the phrase 'il y en a', 'il y en avait' and 'il y en aura')
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2
VERB PHRASES
regular and irregular verbs, including reflexive verbs;
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2.1Negation - 4Syntax of verbal negation with ne…pas, ne…jamais,ne…rien (as equivalent of ‘not verb anything’ and ‘verb nothing’), and ne…personne (as equivalent of ‘not verb anyone/body’ and ‘verb nobody’)
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2.1HHadditonal 4Syntax of négation with ne…plus,ne…ni… (ni …), ne… pas encore, ne…que
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2.2InterrogativesAdverbs: interrogative (comment, quand) | interrogative (qui, que);
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2.2.1intonationintonation with SV word order, including when followed by a wh-word (qui, quand, quoi, pourquoi, comment, combien, où);
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2.2.2wh + est-ce quewh-word (qu', quand, pourquoi, comment, combien, où) followed by est-ce que followed by SV word order;
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2.2.3wh + inversionwh-word (que/qu', quand, pourquoi, comment, combien, où) followed by VS word order
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2.2.4HHPassivePassive voice in the present (full form only i.e., with par)passive voice: present tense (R);
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2.2.5HHImpersonal verbs with adjectivesImpersonal verbs with adjectives + de (e.g., il est difficile/facile/interdit de + infinitive).Any adjectives used in impersonal phrases will be listed in the Vocabulary List.Impersonal verbs
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2.2.6HHImpersonal verbs in phrasesImpersonal verbs in phrases il manque + noun; il vaut mieux + infinitive; il vaut la peine de + infinitive
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2.2.7HHPeriphrastic time expressions être en train de (as equivalent of 'BE [in the process of] + verb-ing') and venir de (as equivalent of 'HAVE just done + verb')Etre en train de + inf
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2.2.8HHVerbs used with plural reflexive pronouns, with reflexive and reciprocal meanings (e.g., nous nous écrivons; vous vous parlez; ils se regardent)Reflexive pronouns
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2.3
Inflectional morphology
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2.3.1regular -er, regular ir (4 anchor) regular re (3 anchor) + 4 high frequencyRegular* and four very high frequency irregular** patterns in 1st, 2nd, 3rd persons in singular and plural for:
*-er verbs (e.g., parler); clusters of high frequency -ir verbs that all pattern following one of these four ‘anchor’ verbs: choisir, partir, venir, ouvrir; clusters of high frequency -re verbs that all pattern following one of these three ‘anchor’ verbs: entendre, prendre, traduire.
**aller, avoir, être, faire
(including use of avoir + noun where the English equivalent is ‘BE + adjective’ e.g., + froid, + chaud, + an(s), + faim, + soif, + peur)		regular and irregular verbs, including reflexive verbs; all persons of the verb, singular and plural;
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2.3.1HHadditonal x2 re anchor2 additional clusters of high frequency verbs that all pattern following the 'anchor' verbs] connaitre écrire
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2.3.1.1Present indicative, as equivalent of the English simple (I walk) and ongoing (I am walking) functions, and (with time adverbs) for expression of the future as equivalent of the English simple (the holidays start tomorrow) and continuous (I am working this evening)Irregular inflected forms of the four very high frequency irregular verbs (aller, avoir, être, faire) will be listed in the Vocabulary List.Tenses: present;
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2.3.1.2perfectPerfect tense, as equivalent of the English simple past (I walked, he went) and present perfect (I have walked, he has gone); including past participle formation for -er verbs and the seven verb clusters listed above.Irregular past participles of three very high frequency irregular verbs (été, eu, fait).perfect;
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2.3.1.3periphrasticPeriphrastic future expression (aller + infinitive), as equivalent of the English 'will + verb' and 'BE + going to + verb'immediate future;
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2.3.1.4imperativeImperative (2nd person singular and plural only, including aller and faire; but not avoir, être; not reflexive)Imperative
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2.3.1.5Imperfect sgRegular patterns (see * above) and four very high frequency irregular patterns (see ** above) in 1st, 2nd, 3rd persons in singular only (excluding 'you' formal for:
Imperfect for habitual (only for equivalent of English 'used to + verb') and ongoing (BE + ing) functions.		Irregular inflected forms of three very high frequency irregular verbs (avais, avait; étais, était; faisais, faisait) will be listed in the Vocabulary List
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2.3.1.5H1HImperfect plRegular patterns (see * above) and four very high frequency irregular patterns (see ** above) in 1st, 2nd, 3rd persons in singular and plural :
Imperfect for regular (-er, and the nine 'anchor' verb patterns) verbs 1st, 2nd and 3rd person plural forms for equivalent of English habitual ('used to + verb') and ongoing ('BE -ing'). This includes the 1st, 2nd and 3rd person plural forms of the three very high frequency irregular verbs (avoir - to mean 'had'; être - to mean 'were + adjectival complement'; faire). 		Imperfect
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2.3.29 high frequencyOther irregular inflected forms: Present indicative forms for 1st, 2nd, 3rd persons, in singular only, of nine high frequency verbs
boire connaître courir croire écrire recevoir rire suivre voir		Their present indicative, past participle, imperative forms, and the infinitives will be listed in the Vocabulary List. Any other irregular present indicative forms, their past participles, imperative forms, and the infinitives will be listed in the Vocabulary List.Present Irregular
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2.3.3impersonalImpersonal verbsImpersonal verbs
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2.3.3.1il y aIl y a to mean 'there is / are', il y avait (to mean 'there was / were / used to be') and il y aura (to mean 'there is going to be / are going to be / will be' will be listed in the Vocabulary List as multi-word phrases
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2.3.3.2il faitIl fait + adjective (e.g., il fait beau, il fait froid). Any adjectives that would be used in this construction will be listed in the vocabulary list.
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2.3.3.3Il + weatherIl + weather-related expressions (e.g., il neige, il y a du soleil) will be listed in the Vocabulary List, as multi-word phrases where necessary
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2.3.3.4il fautIl faut + infinitiveimpersonal verbs (il faut);
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2.3.3.5il est + timeIl est for telling the time
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2.3.4modalModal verbs
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2.3.4.1PresentModal verbs Present indicative forms for 1st, 2nd, 3rd persons, in singular and plural of modals devoir pouvoir savoir vouloir followed by infinitive. All inflected forms of the modals will be listed in the Vocabulary List. o
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2.3.4.2ConditionalConditional forms in 1st, 2nd, 3rd persons, in singular only (excluding 'you' formal), of vouloir (voudrais, voudrait), as equivalent of English 'would like (to) + verb'will be listed in the Vocabulary Listconditional: vouloir and aimer;
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2.3.4.3HPerfectPerfect tense of modals devoir, pouvoir, bvouloirm savoir) with past partici[les listed in vocabulary List
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2.3.5reflexiveReflexive use of verbs 1st, 2nd, 3rd persons in singular only
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2.3.6HHConditionalConditional of regular -er singular forms only (1st, 2nd, 3rd persons) in singular and plural o Singular forms of four high frequency irregular verbs (aurais, aurait; ferais, ferait; irais, irait; serais, serait) will be listed in the Vocabulary List.
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2.3.7HHFutureInflectional future for regular -er verbs in 1st, 2nd, 3rd persons in singular and plural, as equivalent of both 'will + verb' and 'BE + going to + verb' o Singular forms of four high frequency irregular verbs (aurai, auras, aura; ferai, feras, fera; irai, iras, ira; serai, seras, sera) will be listed in the Vocabulary List. future (FT: R);
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2.3.8ImperativeimperativeImperative
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2.3.8.1Imperative (2nd person singular and plural only; not reflexive);Imperative
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2.3.8.2HHetre + nousImperative of 2nd person singular and plural of être (sois and soyez, each listed in Vocabulary List), and of regular (-er, and the nine 'anchor' verb patterns) verbs 1st person plural (not reflexive), with the function 'Let's + verb!'
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2.3.9HHDepuis + presentPresent tense with depuis (as equivalent of 'have been + ing' for 'x time') Depuis + present
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2.3.10HHPresent participlePresent participle of regular (-er, and the nine 'anchor' verb patterns) verbs after en, including adjectival use where relevant o Irregular present participles of three very high frequency irregular present participle (R).present participle, including use after en; [H]
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3
ADJECTIVAL PHRASES
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3.1AgreementAgreement for gender and number with nouns following regular patterns (of adjectives listed in the Vocabulary List):Adjectives - agreement
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3.1.1GenderGender(Highly frequent irregulars will be listed in the Vocabulary List as separate items, e.g., net/te, bon/ne, nouveau/nouvelle, pareil/le, travailleur/travailleuse)
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3.1.1.1Gender Add -e
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3.1.1.2Gender No change with adjectives ending in mute -e
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3.1.1.3Gender -x ==> se
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3.1.1.4Gender -el ==> -lle
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3.1.1.5Gender -en ==> -nne
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3.1.1.6Gender -f ==> -ve
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3.1.1.7Gender -er == -ère
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3.1.2NumberNumber(Irregulars beau/x and nouveau/x will be listed in the Vocabulary List as separate items)
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3.1.2.1Number Add -s
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3.1.2. 2Number No change for masculine forms already ending in -s and -x