| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | TREATMENT | alternate name | SUBSTANCE CLASS | DESCRIPTION | EVIDENCE | EVIDENCE AS A NUMBER | EFFECT | FOR | omicron effective? | attention level | attention level index | source | source link 1 | source link 2 | ID | |
2 | https://informationisbeautiful.net/visualizations/covid-19-coronavirus-infographic-datapack/#treatments | google hits: substance + "covid treatment" | ||||||||||||||
3 | Azithromycin | ANTIBIOTIC | This drug with a good safety record did not live up to promise in large trials. | NONE | 0 | not | 86,100 | 3 | New York Times | https://www.recoverytrial.net/news/recovery-trial-finds-no-benefit-from-azithromycin-in-patients-hospitalised-with-covid-19 | https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/science/coronavirus-drugs-treatments.html | 1 | ||||
4 | Bamlanivimab / etesvimab | ANTIBODY | Combination of two monoclonal antibodies from Eli Lilly. | PROMISING | 4 | effect: 70% reduction in hospitalizations & death | high-risk and unvaccinated patients | not | 33,100 | 3 | New York Times | https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/21/health/coronavirus-eli-lilly.html | https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/science/coronavirus-drugs-treatments.html | 2 | ||
5 | Baricitinib | ANTI-INFLAMMATORY | Arthritis drug which blocks inflammation protein interleukin-6, dampening the immune's systems overreaction to the virus | PROMISING | 4 | hospitalized patients on oxygen | unknown | 13,500 | 2 | New York Times | https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/management/clinical-management/hospitalized-adults--therapeutic-management/ | https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/science/coronavirus-drugs-treatments.html | 3 | |||
6 | Budesonide | STEROID | Promising preliminary evidence for this inhaled treatment | PROMISING | 4 | effect: 25% reduction in hospitalisation & deaths | unknown | 25,400 | 2 | The Lancet | https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(21)02440-5/fulltext | https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(21)02440-5/fulltext | 4 | |||
7 | Colchicine | ANTI-INFLAMMATORY | Speculation that this anti-infammatory might reduce COVID symptoms quashed by recent trial. | NONE | 0 | not | 56,500 | 3 | The Lancet | https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanres/article/PIIS2213-2600(21)00435-5/fulltext | https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/science/coronavirus-drugs-treatments.html | 32 | ||||
8 | Convalescent plasma | OTHER | Plasma filtered from the blood of people who have recovered from COVID-19 | CONFLICTING | 3 | recently hospitalized patients & immunocompromised | unknown | 85,700 | 3 | New York Times | https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.10.21267485v1 | https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/science/coronavirus-drugs-treatments.html | 6 | |||
9 | Dexamethasone | STEROID | Widely used drug reduces inflammation of the lungs and has saved an estimated million lives worldwide | GOOD | 5 | effect: reduced deaths | unknown | 36,900 | 3 | New York Times | https://www.england.nhs.uk/2021/03/covid-treatment-developed-in-the-nhs-saves-a-million-lives/ | https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/science/coronavirus-drugs-treatments.html | 7 | |||
10 | Evusheld (monoclonal antibodies) | ANTIBODY | An injectable cocktail of monoclonal antibodies tixagevimab and cilgavimab from Astrazeneca. | PROMISING | 4 | effect: 77% reduction in COVID infection | immunocompromised | effective for omicron BA.2 | 20,800 | 2 | New York Times | https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20211223005099/en/EVUSHELD-long-acting-antibody-combination-retains-neutralizing-activity-against-Omicron-variant-in-studies-from-Oxford-and-Washington-Universities | https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/science/coronavirus-drugs-treatments.html | 8 | ||
11 | EXO-CD24 | ANTI-INFLAMMATORY | Tiny study (of 35 hospitalized people) showed promising results. But the study was not blinded nor placebo-controlled nor published. | TENTATIVE | 2 | hospitalized patients | unknown | 932 | 1 | New York Times | https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/06/world/americas/brazil-covid-bolsonaro-nasal-spray.html | https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/science/coronavirus-drugs-treatments.html | 9 | |||
12 | Favipiravir | (AKA Avigan) | ANTIVIRAL | This influenza drug blocks a virus's ability to copy its genetic material. Only small studies so far. | TENTATIVE | 2 | unknown | 15,600 | 2 | Johns Hopkins | https://www.appilitherapeutics.com/newsfeed/Appili-Therapeutics-Provides-Update-on-Phase-3-PRESECO-Clinical-Trial-Evaluating-Avigan%C2%AE%2FReeqonus%E2%84%A2 | https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/ub?cmd=repview&type=479-1225&name=30_538747_PDF | 10 | |||
13 | Fluvoxamine | ANTIDEPRESSANT | Inexpensive and well-known drug typically used to treat depression & obsessive-compulsive disorders. Can reduce inflammation. Awaiting solid trials. | CONFLICTING | 3 | effect: 30% reduction in hospitalisation in patients with mild COVID-19 | unknown | 10,700 | 2 | Johns Hopkins | https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/ub?cmd=repview&type=479-1225&name=30_538747_PDF | https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2790742 | 11 | |||
14 | Hydroxychloroquine | OTHER | Treatment for malaria promoted by several politicians but tests on animals and humans proved disappointing, even harmful. | POTENTIALLY HARMFUL | -1 | not | 145,000 | 4 | New York Times | https://www.recoverytrial.net/news/statement-from-the-chief-investigators-of-the-randomised-evaluation-of-covid-19-therapy-recovery-trial-on-hydroxychloroquine-5-june-2020-no-clinical-benefit-from-use-of-hydroxychloroquine-in-hospitalised-patients-with-covid-19 | https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/science/coronavirus-drugs-treatments.html | 12 | ||||
15 | Interferons | Rebif | OTHER | Protein molecules our cells naturally produce in response to viruses, used to coax the immune system into attacking the virus | INSUFFICIENT | 1 | early infection | unknown | 5,360 | 1 | New York Times | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34672949/ | https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/science/coronavirus-drugs-treatments.html | 13 | ||
16 | Ivermectin | ANTIPARASITIC | A potent drug to treat parasitic worms. not approved for use as a human antiviral. Studies on cells showed potential but human trials didn't. Pimped as a 'miracle drug'. Really isn't. Harmful effects mostly due to people taking it off-prescription and in large doses and/or veterinary formulations. | POTENTIALLY HARMFUL | -1 | not | 226,000 | 5 | New York Times | https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/2789362?fbclid=IwAR1sUf6-uuig9F7HMHubT4cjLJLdG0k_Kbe4K5J6fUdCx-I6ikg_lYK7NqE | https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/science/coronavirus-drugs-treatments.html | 14 | ||||
17 | Lenzilumab | ANTIBODY | Designed to reduce runaway inflammation ("cytokine storm") - late stage phase 3 trials underway. | TENTATIVE | 2 | effect: significantly improved survival | non-ventilated hospitalized patients | unknown | 2,320 | 1 | New York Times | https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanres/article/PIIS2213-2600(21)00494-X/fulltext | https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/science/coronavirus-drugs-treatments.html | 15 | ||
18 | Leronlimab | ANTIBODY | Existing HIV treatment blocks cell-surface proteins which the virus uses to gain entry. Small studies showed promise but results from larger studies were questioned. | CONFLICTING | 3 | critically ill patients | unknown | 10,100 | 2 | New York Times | https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability/statement-leronlimab?utm_medium=email&utm_source=govdelivery | https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/science/coronavirus-drugs-treatments.html | 16 | |||
19 | Molnupiravir | (AKA Lagevrio) | ANTIVIRAL | Drug from Merck originally designed to fight the flu - massive investment in trials only showed modest results, alas. Currently emergency authorised in UK & USA. | CONFLICTING | 3 | effect: only 30% effective in preventing hospitalization & death in people at high risk of severe disease | mild-to-moderate cases with risk factors | unknown | 58,800 | 3 | Arstechnia | https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/science/coronavirus-drugs-treatments.html | https://arstechnica.com/science/2021/11/womp-womp-efficacy-of-mercks-thor-inspired-covid-pill-crumbles-vexing-experts/ | 17 | |
20 | Monoclonal antibodies (some) | (AKA REGEN-COV, Casirivimab-imdevimab) | ANTIBODY | Very expensive treatment with antibodies produced by people successfully recovered from COVID-19 and from immunized mice. They do not replace vaccines. Only a few remain effective against Omicron and its subvariants. | GOOD | 5 | effect: 81% reduced risk of symptomatic infection | mild to moderate cases | not | 68,100 | 3 | New York Times | https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/science/coronavirus-drugs-treatments.html | https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/science/coronavirus-drugs-treatments.html | 18 | |
21 | Oleandrin | OTHER | A toxic substance found in the poisonous oleander plant - avoid! | POTENTIALLY HARMFUL | -1 | not | 10,300 | 2 | New York Times | https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/science/coronavirus-drugs-treatments.html | https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/science/coronavirus-drugs-treatments.html | 19 | ||||
22 | Paxlovid | (AKA nirmatrelvir & ritonavir) | ANTIVIRAL | Recently emergency-approved SARS drug combination from Pfizer. Effective in Omicron. Ideally taken within 5 days of exposure to the virus. | GOOD | 5 | effect: 89% prevention of hospitalization & death | high-risk patients over 12 | effective for omicron BA.2 | 159,000 | 4 | Arstechnia | https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/14/health/pfizer-covid-19-pill-paxlovid.html | https://arstechnica.com/science/2021/11/pfizer-says-its-antiviral-pill-can-cut-89-of-covid-hospitalizations-and-deaths/ | 20 | |
23 | Recombinant ACE-2 | OTHER | Artificial ACE-2 proteins act as decoys for the virus to latch onto. Showing some promise in animal trials. Human clinical trials are underway... | INSUFFICIENT | 1 | unknown | 2,500 | 1 | New York Times | https://news.vumc.org/2021/05/06/vumc-to-lead-national-study-to-treat-severe-covid-complications/ | https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/science/coronavirus-drugs-treatments.html | 21 | ||||
24 | Remdesivir | ANTIVIRAL | Antiviral, first to gain approval in USA, but not recommended by WHO. | PROMISING | 4 | critically ill who need oxygen during early disease | effective for omicron BA.2 | 58,500 | 3 | https://www.gilead.com/news-and-press/company-statements/gilead-statement-on-veklury-remdesivir-and-the-sars-cov-2-omicron-variant | https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/science/coronavirus-drugs-treatments.html#paxlovid | 22 | ||||
25 | Rivaroxaban | ANTICOAGULANT | Anti-blood clot medication, currenty in trials, but preliminary results are not promising | TENTATIVE | 2 | unknown | 1,880 | 1 | New York Times | https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(21)01203-4/fulltext | https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/science/coronavirus-drugs-treatments.html | 23 | ||||
26 | Sotrovimab | ANTIBODY | Lingers in the lungs so it can attack the coronavirus as it enters the body, injected into muscle like a vaccine. Not effective against Omicron. No longer authorized by the US FDA as of April 5th 2022. | CONFLICTING | 3 | effect: 79% reduction in hospitalization & death | high-risk patients | not | 20,300 | 2 | WHO | https://www.gsk.com/en-gb/media/press-releases/preclinical-data-demonstrate-sotrovimab-retains-activity-against-key-omicron-mutations-new-sars-cov-2-variant/ | https://www.who.int/teams/health-care-readiness-clinical-unit/covid-19/therapeutics | 24 | ||
27 | Stem Cells | OTHER | Unproven anti-inflammatory stem cell treatments can potentially harm patients | TENTATIVE | 2 | unknown | 30,800 | 3 | New York Times | https://www.fiercebiotech.com/biotech/mesoblast-craters-as-novartis-backed-covid-19-drug-flunks-trial | https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/science/coronavirus-drugs-treatments.html | 25 | ||||
28 | Tocilizumab | ANTI-INFLAMMATORY | Arthritis drug which blocks inflammtion protein interleukin-6 dampening the immune's systems overreaction to the virus. | PROMISING | 4 | those with severe disease | unknown | 12,900 | 2 | New York Times | https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.05.21259867v1 | https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/science/coronavirus-drugs-treatments.html | 26 | |||
29 | Vitamin D | SUPPLEMENT | Much research and hearsay, but no firm evidence that it helps prevent or reduce COVID | INSUFFICIENT | 1 | not | 305,000 | 5 | New York Times | https://www.medpagetoday.com/infectiousdisease/covid19/91261 | https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/science/coronavirus-drugs-treatments.html | 27 | ||||
30 | Zinc | SUPPLEMENT | A randomized clinical trial that found no benefit from zinc | NONE | 0 | not | 59,900 | 3 | New York Times | https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/science/coronavirus-drugs-treatments.html | 28 | |||||
31 | S-217622 | ANTIVIRAL | This Japanese antiviral drug targets the same viral protein targeted as paxlovid. Has shown promise in small trials. Larger trials underway. | TENTATIVE | 2 | unknown | 44 | 1 | New York Times | https://www.wsj.com/articles/covid-19-pill-competing-with-pfizers-looks-for-quick-approval-in-japan-11644232232 | https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/science/coronavirus-drugs-treatments.html#s217622 | 29 | ||||
32 | Lambda-la | INTERFERON | Interferons are molecules our cells naturally produce in response to viruses, rousing the immune system. A large Phase 3 trial of Lambda halved the risk of hospitalization and risk of death from COVID. | PROMISING | 4 | unknown | 26,500 | 3 | New York Times | https://ir.eigerbio.com/news-releases/news-release-details/eigers-single-dose-peginterferon-lambda-covid-19-reduced-risk | https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/science/coronavirus-drugs-treatments.html#interferon | 30 | ||||
33 | Sabizabutin | ANTIVIRAL | New anti-viral and anti-inflammatory drug. Up to 55% reduction in death seen in early trials | PROMISING | 4 | unknown | 18,300 | 2 | VeruPharma | https://verupharma.com/news/verus-novel-covid-19-drug-candidate-reduces-deaths-by-55-in-hospitalized-patients-in-interim-analysis-of-phase-3-study-independent-data-monitoring-committee-halts-study-early-for-overwhelmin/ | https://www.verywellhealth.com/new-covid-drug-trials-5235375 | 31 | ||||
34 | Bebtelovimab | ANTIBODY | Monoclonal antibody emergency authorized by the FDA in the USA as of Feb 2022 | GOOD | 5 | effective for omicron BA.2 | 16,700 | 2 | FDA | https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-authorizes-new-monoclonal-antibody-treatment-covid-19-retains | https://investor.lilly.com/news-releases/news-release-details/lillys-bebtelovimab-receives-emergency-use-authorization | 32 | ||||
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