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Mapping (combinator) name Query / search within my dataConcept(s) I'm mapping toWhy this data is relevant to this concept (description)Some bibliography backing up my reasoning (citation)
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increase in grasses/sedgesQuestion: How is the natural vege-
tation affected by the arrival of
humans? Data source = SEAD AND
Ecocode_indicator =pasture/dung		deforestation, pasture, grazing, open landscapeAn increase in pollen of sedges or grasses is often associated with a decline in tree pollen and thus a general increase of openness in the landscape. This might also indicate the establishment of pastures, especially if accompanied by so called anthropogenic indicators (such as weeds, other agricultural plants). This can be a reaction to a changing climate, however, if this declining is initiated at the start of human presence in Iceland, this change may also indicate deforestationBehre, K.E. 1981. The interpretation of anthropogenic indicators in pollen diagrams. Pollen et Spores 23: 225-245.
Lawson, I. T., Gathorne-Hardy, F. J., Church, M. J., Newton, A. J., Edwards, K. J., Dugmore, A. J. &
Einarsson, Á. (2007), 'Environmental impacts of the Norse settlement: palaeoenvironmental data from Mývatnssveit, northern Iceland', Boreas 36(1), 1 19.
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domesticated vs. wild faunal remainsQuestion: What can domesticate and wild faunal remains show us about subsistence patterns? production, animal husbandry, hunting, fishing, exchange, consumptionDomesticated and wild faunal remains can provide a clearer understanding of subsistence patterns indicating evidence of animal husbandry and the varying uses of local faunal resources. Furthermore, non-native faunal resources and increasing domesticated faunal remains may show evidence of influence, exchange, or introduction of new types of faunal resources to an area. These consumption patterns may reveal the dynamic relationships of people with their environment. Albarella, Umberto (2017) Zooarchaeology in the twenty-first century. Edited by Umberto Albarella, Mauro Rizzetto, Hannah Russ, Kim Vickers, and Sarah Viner-Daniels. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press.
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cairns as road markersQuestion: What role did cairns play in farm networks?farm, physical landscapes, assembly site, shared spacesCairns are often used to mark roads and landmarks. They marked passages and roads from different farms and homesteads to each other as well as to common areas such as assembly sites, things, and other shared spaces. Often, the location of cairns in the roads as markers is related to the surrounding landscape features.
Aldred, Oscar (2014a). “An Archaeology of Movement: A Methodological Study”. Dissertation towards the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. University of Iceland.Aldred, O. (2014b). “Past movements, tomorrow’s anchors: on the relational entanglements between archaeological mobilities”. In: Past mobilities: archaeological approaches to movement and mobility, ed. by J. Leary. Ashgate: Farnham, pp. 21–47.
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Stratigraphy logs Question I am asking of my data: What tephra layers are recorded in this stratigraphy section at this site - names of layers, thickness, colour, nature (fine/coarse)Tephra, tephrochronology, insectsLogs of stratigraphy sections are the most common method used to record visible tephra layers at a specific location where a section has been cleared. Stratigraphy logs can be linked to other sections that contain the same layers across the landscape, helping to constrain eruption distance, timing, plume height and other volcanic characteristics. Measurements of tephra thickness, the texture, colour and the layers identification (if known) are recorded. This is then used to create stratigraphy diagrams of each log. Stratigraphy logs are also recorded when collecting other types of palaeo proxy data, such as insect remains or pollenDugmore, A.J and Newton, A.J (2012) Isochronsand beyond: maxamising the use of tephrpchonology in geomorphology, Jokull, 62, 39-52. Lowe, D.J (2011) Tephrochronology and its application: a review. Quaternary Geochronology 6(2), 107-153 AND Buckland, P.I., 2000. An introduction to palaeoentomology in archaeology and the BUGS database management system. Umeå universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och samiska studier.
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burial practicesQuestion: What can interred goods and animals in graves tell us about burial practices?actors:things:grave goods: interred goods/ interred animals; events: burialThe interred goods, such as weapons, clothes, household items, jewellery, as well as interred animals can reveal how connected understanding and use of these items and/or animals were between life and death, e.g. how frequently animals occur in gravegoods (or not) can indicate relative wealth and status, or the opposite; or alternatively, the relative food poverty at the time and notion of how available animals were. Literary examples of such practices may be indicative of their occurence in reality, but it has to be kept in mind they are a piece of literary work.
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Modified farming landscapeQuestion: What was the effect of a farm on its environment? Data source = NABO archaeological reports + SkútustaðirFarm, improved land, managed landscape area, land management, cultivation/farmingThe archaeological data that we have describes some of the main proxies for understanding the impact of a farm in its environment. Thanks to this, we know that the area surrounding a farm was managed in specific ways with the main idea of improving it
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