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Conflict Management

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Domestic Politics

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European Union

International Law

International Organization

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Strategic Culture

The institutions of global governance have changed dramatically in recent years. New organizational forms—including informal institutions, transgovernmental networks, and private transnational regulatory organizations (PTROs)—have expanded rapidly, while the growth of formal intergovernmental organizations has slowed. Organizational ecology provides an insightful framework for understanding these changing patterns of growth. Organizational ecology is primarily a structural theory, emphasizing the influence of institutional environments, especially their organizational density and resource availability, on organizational behavior and viability. To demonstrate the explanatory value of organizational ecology, we analyze the proliferation of PTROs compared with the relative stasis of intergovernmental organizations (IGOs). Continued growth of IGOs is constrained by crowding in their dense institutional environment, but PTROs benefit from organizational flexibility and low entry costs, which allow them to enter “niches” with limited resource competition. We probe the plausibility of our analysis by examining contemporary climate governance.

Abbott, Kenneth W.; Green, Jessica F.; Keohane, Robert O.

#Oral_IR #IR_Theory

10.1017/S0020818315000338

June 26, 2019 10:11 AM (EDT)

May 17, 2020 11:52 PM (EDT)

0020-8183, 1531-5088

International Organization

Organizational Ecology and Institutional Change in Global Governance

https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0020818315000338/type/journal_article

We develop an empirically based conception of international legalization to show how law and politics are intertwined across a wide range of institutional forms and to frame the analytic and empirical articles that follow in this volume. International legalization is a form of institutionalization characterized by three dimensions: obligation, precision, and delegation. Obligation means that states are legally bound by rules or commitments and therefore subject to the general rules and procedures of international law. Precision means that the rules are definite, unambiguously defining the conduct they require, authorize, or proscribe. Delegation grants authority to third parties for the implementation of rules, including their interpretation and application, dispute settlement, and (possibly) further rule making. These dimensions are conceptually independent, and each is a matter of degree and gradation. Their various combinations produce a remarkable variety of international legalization. We illustrate a continuum ranging from "hard" legalization (characteristically associated with domestic legal systems) through various forms of "soft" legalization to situations where law is largely absent. Most international legalization lies between the extremes, where actors combine and invoke varying degrees of obligation, precision, and delegation to create subtle blends of politics and law.

Abbott, Kenneth W.; Keohane, Robert; Moravcsik, Andrew; Slaughter, Anne-Marie; Snidal, Duncan

#Oral_IR #International_Organization #International_Law

10.1162/002081800551271

January 15, 2016 10:03 PM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:49 PM (EDT)

#International_Law

#International_Organization

International Organization

The Concept of Legalization

http://ncsu.summon.serialssolutions.com/link/0/eLvHCXMwQ7QySSwPgHWPmaGuIXiDP9I4DwPsAj9o2AIVwzYzQY4RTgINCSSXxAeD75sEplDQHCWwUotgBraWzECXGgQ5O8ILZ0MTQ-iqDwNdkGLoaT9AhfpQ_aBTqQyNQFvqEYctoFRakHWLGGU3uEJyE2CArRkAL0MBXX6AvB5fH3wGIvjgC6TzHkn2miADP7S9quAISWBCDEypecIM4ijjiArwBXXCDMw-ieUiDNLAxKfgDNkQqZCfpuCTCqyHoBs--Rh6X_36d9vt6nr3a7EynznvAACUXYvW

Listen to a short interview with Rawi AbdelalHost: Chris Gondek | Producer: Heron & CraneThe rise of global financial markets in the last decades of the twentieth century was premised on one fundamental idea: that capital ought to flow across country borders with minimal restriction and regulation. Freedom for capital movements became the new orthodoxy.In an intellectual, legal, and political history of financial globalization, Rawi Abdelal shows that this was not always the case. Transactions routinely executed by bankers, managers, and investors during the 1990s--trading foreign stocks and bonds, borrowing in foreign currencies--had been illegal in many countries only decades, and sometimes just a year or two, earlier.How and why did the world shift from an orthodoxy of free capital movements in 1914 to an orthodoxy of capital controls in 1944 and then back again by 1994? How have such standards of appropriate behavior been codified and transmitted internationally? Contrary to conventional accounts, Abdelal argues that neither the U.S. Treasury nor Wall Street bankers have preferred or promoted multilateral, liberal rules for global finance. Instead, European policy makers conceived and promoted the liberal rules that compose the international financial architecture. Whereas U.S. policy makers have tended to embrace unilateral, ad hoc globalization, French and European policy makers have promoted a rule-based, "managed" globalization. This contest over the character of globalization continues today.

Business & Economics / Economic History; Business & Economics / Finance / General; Business & Economics / International / Economics

#Oral_IR #IPE

February 19, 2020 2:56 AM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:49 PM (EDT)

978-0-674-02369-7

Capital Rules: The Construction of Global Finance

Harvard University Press

Privilege and Obligation: The OECD and Its Code of Liberalization

Focusing empirically on how political and economic forces are always mediated and interpreted by agents, both in individual countries and in the international sphere, Constructing the International Economy sets out what such constructions and what various forms of constructivism mean, both as ways of understanding the world and as sets of varying methods for achieving that understanding. It rejects the assumption that material interests either linearly or simply determine economic outcomes and demands that analysts consider, as a plausible hypothesis, that economies might vary substantially for nonmaterial reasons that affect both institutions and agents' interests.Constructing the International Economy portrays the diversity of models and approaches that exist among constructivists writing on the international political economy. The authors outline and relate several different arguments for why scholars might attend to social construction, inviting the widest possible array of scholars to engage with such approaches. They examine points of terminological or theoretical confusion that create unnecessary barriers to engagement between constructivists and nonconstructivist work and among different types of constructivism.This book provides a tool kit that both constructivists and their critics can use to debate how much and when social construction matters in this deeply important realm.Contributors: Rawi Abdelal, Harvard Business School; Jacqueline Best, University of Ottawa; Mark Blyth, Brown University; Mlada Bukovansky, Smith College; Jeffrey M. Chwieroth, London School of Economics; Francesco Duina, Bates College; Charlotte Epstein, University of Sydney; Yoshiko M. Herrera, University of Wisconsin–Madison; Paul Langley, Northumbria University; Craig Parsons, University of Oregon; Catherine Weaver, University of Texas at Austin; Wesley W. Widmaier, Saint Joseph's University; Cornelia Woll, CERI-Sciences Po Paris

Abdelal, Rawi; Blyth, Mark; Parsons, Craig

Political Science / International Relations / General

#Oral_IR #IPE

February 19, 2020 3:51 AM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:49 PM (EDT)

Abdelal, Rawi; Blyth, Mark; Parsons, Craig

978-0-8014-5700-5

Constructing the International Economy

Cornell University Press

Introduction: Constructing the International Economy

Focusing empirically on how political and economic forces are always mediated and interpreted by agents, both in individual countries and in the international sphere, Constructing the International Economy sets out what such constructions and what various forms of constructivism mean, both as ways of understanding the world and as sets of varying methods for achieving that understanding. It rejects the assumption that material interests either linearly or simply determine economic outcomes and demands that analysts consider, as a plausible hypothesis, that economies might vary substantially for nonmaterial reasons that affect both institutions and agents' interests.Constructing the International Economy portrays the diversity of models and approaches that exist among constructivists writing on the international political economy. The authors outline and relate several different arguments for why scholars might attend to social construction, inviting the widest possible array of scholars to engage with such approaches. They examine points of terminological or theoretical confusion that create unnecessary barriers to engagement between constructivists and nonconstructivist work and among different types of constructivism.This book provides a tool kit that both constructivists and their critics can use to debate how much and when social construction matters in this deeply important realm.Contributors: Rawi Abdelal, Harvard Business School; Jacqueline Best, University of Ottawa; Mark Blyth, Brown University; Mlada Bukovansky, Smith College; Jeffrey M. Chwieroth, London School of Economics; Francesco Duina, Bates College; Charlotte Epstein, University of Sydney; Yoshiko M. Herrera, University of Wisconsin–Madison; Paul Langley, Northumbria University; Craig Parsons, University of Oregon; Catherine Weaver, University of Texas at Austin; Wesley W. Widmaier, Saint Joseph's University; Cornelia Woll, CERI-Sciences Po Paris

Abdelal, Rawi; Blyth, Mark; Parsons, Craig

Political Science / International Relations / General

#Oral_IR #IPE

February 19, 2020 3:53 AM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:49 PM (EDT)

Abdelal, Rawi; Blyth, Mark; Parsons, Craig

978-0-8014-5700-5

Constructing the International Economy

Cornell University Press

Re-constructing IPE

This article reviews Michael Leifer’s contribution to the study of Southeast Asian regionalism, particularly the role of ASEAN and the ASEAN Regional Forum. Unlike some who portray Leifer as a realist or a neo-realist who totally dismissed the role of ASEAN in the regional order, this article argues that the real difference between Leifer’s and the newer constructivist understanding of Southeast Asia is not so much over whether regionalism matters, but under what conditions does it matter. Leifer viewed material forces, such as the prior existence of a greatpower balance as a precondition of effective regionalism. He paid less attention to norm dynamics and the politics of regional identity formation. He did not consider them as independent forces in regional order. This paper argues that taking a more sociological approach, factoring in the role of regional norms and identity formation offers a more complete explanation of ASEAN’s achievements and failures than Leifer’s diplomatic investigations focusing on the balance of power. This also opens the space for a more transformative understanding of Asian security order in which socialization and institution-building are to be seen not merely as adjuncts to the balance of power dynamics, but as shapers of the regional balance of power.

#Oral_IR #IR_Theory

10.1080/09512740500047199

June 21, 2019 11:08 PM (EDT)

May 17, 2020 11:52 PM (EDT)

0951-2748, 1470-1332

The Pacific Review

The Pacific Review

Do norms and identity matter?

Do norms and identity matter? Community and power in Southeast Asia's regional order

http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09512740500047199

#Oral_IR #IR_Theory #Strategic_Culture

10.1080/13523269808404179

January 15, 2016 10:03 PM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:53 PM (EDT)

Contemporary Security Policy

#Strategic_Culture

Culture, security, multilateralism: The ‘ASEAN way’ and regional order

http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13523269808404179

#Oral_IR #Strategic_Culture

August 6, 2019 3:23 PM (EDT)

May 17, 2020 11:53 PM (EDT)

Crossing Nuclear Thresholds

#Strategic_Culture

Cultural Underpinnings of Current Russian Nuclear and Security Strategy

Aday, Sean; Livingston, Steven; Hebert, Maeve

#Oral_IR #Methods

10.1177/1081180X05275727

February 5, 2020 4:24 AM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:47 PM (EDT)

Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics

Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics

Embedding the Truth

Embedding the Truth: A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Objectivity and Television Coverage of the Iraq War

http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1081180X05275727

Scholars routinely make claims that presuppose the validity of the observations and measurements that operationalize their concepts. Yet, despite recent advances in political science methods, surprisingly little attention has been devoted to measurement validity. We address this gap by exploring four themes. First, we seek to establish a shared framework that allows quantitative and qualitative scholars to assess more effectively, and communicate about, issues of valid measurement. Second, we underscore the need to draw a clear distinction between measurement issues and disputes about concepts. Third, we discuss the contextual specificity of measurement claims, exploring a variety of measurement strategies that seek to combine generality and validity by devoting greater attention to context. Fourth, we address the proliferation of terms for alternative measurement validation procedures and offer an account of the three main types of validation most relevant to political scientists.

#Oral_IR #Methods

10.1017/S0003055401003100

May 24, 2019 4:05 PM (EDT)

May 17, 2020 11:47 PM (EDT)

0003-0554, 1537-5943

Am Polit Sci Rev

American Political Science Review

Measurement Validity

Measurement Validity: A Shared Standard for Qualitative and Quantitative Research

https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055401003100/type/journal_article

Abstract This article develops a theoretical approach to stigma in international relations and resituates conventional approaches to the study of norms and international order. Correcting the general understanding that common values and norms are the building blocks of social order, this article claims that international society is in part constructed through the stigmatization of “transgressive” and norm-violating states and their ways of coping with stigma. Drawing on Erving Goffman, this article shows that states are not passive objects of socialization, but active agents. Stigmatized states cope strategically with their stigma and may, in some cases, challenge and even transform a dominant moral discourse. A typology of stigma management strategies is presented: stigma recognition (illustrated by Germany); stigma rejection (illustrated by Austria); and finally counter-stigmatization (illustrated by Cuba). Because of the lack of agreement on what constitutes normal state behavior, attempts to impose stigma may even have the opposite effect—the stigmatizers become the transgressive. A focus on stigma opens up new avenues for research on norms, identities, and international order.

#Oral_IR #IR_Theory

10.1017/S0020818313000337

June 26, 2019 10:10 AM (EDT)

May 17, 2020 11:52 PM (EDT)

0020-8183, 1531-5088

International Organization

Stigma Management in International Relations

Stigma Management in International Relations: Transgressive Identities, Norms, and Order in International Society

https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0020818313000337/type/journal_article

How does power work in practice? Much of the ‘stuff’ that state agents and other international actors do, on an everyday basis, remains impenetrable to existing International Relations theory. This is unfortunate, as the everyday performance of international practices actually helps shape world policy outcomes. In this article, we develop a framework to grasp the concrete workings of power in international politics. The notion of ‘emergent power’ bridges two different understandings of power: as capability or relation. Emergent power refers to the generation and deployment of endogenous resources — social skills and competences — generated in particular practices. The framework is illustrated with an in-depth analysis of the multilateral diplomatic process that led to the 2011 international intervention in Libya. Through a detailed account of the negotiations at the United Nations, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, and the European Union, the article demonstrates how, in practice, state representatives translate their skills into actual influence and generate a power politics that eschews structural analysis. We argue that seemingly trivial struggles over diplomatic competence within these three multilateral organizations played a crucial role in the intervention in Libya. A focus on practice resituates existing approaches to power and influence in International Relations, demonstrating that, in practice, power also emerges locally from social contexts.

Adler-Nissen, Rebecca; Pouliot, Vincent

Competence; diplomacy; emergence; Libya; power; practice theory

#Oral_IR #Conflict_Management #International_Law

#Conflict_Management

10.1177/1354066113512702

February 15, 2016 7:14 PM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:51 PM (EDT)

1354-0661, 1460-3713

#International_Law

European Journal of International Relations

European Journal of International Relations

Power in practice

Power in practice: Negotiating the international intervention in Libya

http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1354066113512702

#Oral_IR #European_Union #Strategic_Culture

January 15, 2016 10:03 PM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:53 PM (EDT)

Adler, Emanuel; Barnett, Michael N.

#European_Union

0521630517 (hardback); 0521639530 (pbk.)

Book, Section

Cambridge ;New York

Security communities

Cambridge University Press

Cambridge studies in international relations ; 62

#Strategic_Culture

A framework for the study of security communities

http://search.trln.org.prox.lib.ncsu.edu/search?id=UNCb3176009;

While acknowledging the many forms and contributions of multi-method research (MMR), we examine the costs of treating it as best practice on the grounds that it reduces method-specific weaknesses and increases external validity for findings. Focusing on MMR that combines some type of qualitative analysis with statistical or formal approaches, we demonstrate that error-reduction and cross-validation are not feasible where methods are not sufficiently similar in their basic ontologies and their conceptions of causality. In such cases, MMR may still yield important benefits—such as uncovering related insights or improving the coding of variables—but these can be readily obtained through collaboration among scholars specializing in single-method research (SMR). Such scholars often set the standards for the application of particular methods and produce distinctive insights that can elude researchers concerned about competently deploying different methods and producing coherent findings. Thus, the unchecked proliferation of multi-method skill sets risks forefeiting the benefits of SMR and marginalizing idiographically-oriented qualitative research that fits less well with formal or quantitative approaches. This would effectively subvert the pluralism that once gave impetus to MMR unless disciplinary expectations and professional rewards are predicated on a more balanced and nuanced understanding of what various forms of SMR and MMR bring to the table.

#Oral_IR #Methods

10.1017/S1537592712002836

August 2, 2019 9:16 PM (EDT)

May 17, 2020 11:47 PM (EDT)

1537-5927, 1541-0986

Perspect. polit.

Perspectives on Politics

When Multi-Method Research Subverts Methodological Pluralism—or, Why We Still Need Single-Method Research

https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S1537592712002836/type/journal_article

This article argues that concept misformation and conceptual stretching undermine efforts to combine qualitative and quantitative methods in multimethod research (MMR). Two related problems result from the mismatch of qualitatively and quantitatively construed concepts. Mechanism muddling occurs when differences in the connotation of qualitatively and quantitatively construed concepts embed different causal properties into conceptual definitions. Conceptual slippage occurs when qualitatively and quantitatively construed concepts use incompatible nominal, ordinal, or radial scales. Instead of gaining leverage from the synthesis of large- and small-N analysis, these problems can push MMR in two diametrically opposed directions, emphasizing one methodological facet at the cost of the other.

#Oral_IR #Methods

10.1177/1065912911427453

January 25, 2020 11:02 PM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:47 PM (EDT)

1065-9129, 1938-274X

Political Research Quarterly

Political Research Quarterly

Concepts and Measurement in Multimethod Research

http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1065912911427453

#Oral_IR #Strategic_Culture

February 24, 2020 8:03 PM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:53 PM (EDT)

Miklossy, Katalin; Smith, Hanna

978-1-4985-7169-2

United States

Strategic Culture in Russia's neighborhood

Lexington Books

#Strategic_Culture

Russia and the Idea of Eurasia in Turkey’s Strategic Culture Paradigms

Religion; United States

#Oral_IR #Religion_IR

August 7, 2018 8:08 PM (EDT)

May 17, 2020 11:52 PM (EDT)

978-1-133-05002-5

Australia ; Belmont, CA

Thomson/Wadsworth

America, religions, and religion

Since its first publication in 1981, AMERICA: RELIGIONS AND RELIGION has become the standard introduction to the study of American religious traditions. Written by one of the foremost scholars in the field of American religions, this textbook has introduced thousands of students to the rich religious diversity that has always been a hallmark of the American religious experience. Beginning with native American religious traditions and following the course of America's religious history up to the present day, this text gives students the benefit of the author's extensive, influential scholarship in a clear manner that has proven to be readily accessible for today's undergraduates. This long-awaited new edition explores a variety recent events and developments, including increasing religious pluralism, the growth of postpluralism and the culture of religious combinations, recent religious change among Native Americans, renewed interest in the Kabbalah among Jews and others, present-day concerns in Catholicism and among Protestants, the Christian Right, new spirituality, religion and sexuality.

Religion / General

#Collective_Action

#Oral_IR #Collective_Action #Religion_IR

April 10, 2018 2:13 AM (EDT)

May 17, 2020 11:52 PM (EDT)

978-0-534-50457-1

America, Religions, and Religion

Wadsworth Pub.

Civil Religion: Millennial Politics and History

#Oral_IR #Strategic_Culture

August 6, 2019 3:23 PM (EDT)

May 17, 2020 11:53 PM (EDT)

International affairs

Russia and the post-2014 international legal order

#Strategic_Culture

Russia and the post-2014 international legal order: revisionism and realpolitik

#Oral_IR #Conflict_Management

#Conflict_Management

10.1177/0095327X06288803

March 9, 2017 12:55 PM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:51 PM (EDT)

0095-327X, 1556-0848

Armed Forces & Society

Armed Forces & Society

Peacekeepers and Prostitutes

Peacekeepers and Prostitutes: How Deployed Forces Fuel the Demand for Trafficked Women and New Hope for Stopping It

http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0095327X06288803

Almond, Gabriel A.; Dalton, Russell J.; G. Bingham Powell, Jr.; Strøm, Kaare

Democracy; Politics and government; Europe; 1989-; Europe, Eastern; Europe, Western; Democratization

#Oral_IR #Europe;

June 7, 2019 6:23 PM (EDT)

May 17, 2020 11:50 PM (EDT)

978-0-205-72389-8

European politics today

International organizations (or IOs)—intergovernmental entities established by treaty, usually composed of permanent secretariats, plenary assemblies involving all member states, and executive organs with more limited participation—are a twentieth-century phenomenon having little in common with earlier forms of institutionalized cooperation, including those in the ancient world. The story of how, shortly after the turn of the last century, the Euro-American lawyers that dominated the field of international law sought to transcend the chaos of war by “moving to institutions” has been told elsewhere and needs no repeating here. David Kennedy, Martti Koskenniemi, and David Bederman, among others, have described the disparate individuals, separated by nationality, juridical philosophy, and competing “idealist”/“realist” schools of thought, who nevertheless shared a messianic, quasi-religious, and coherent “internationalist sensibility” that sought to institutionalize multilateral diplomacy with a view to promoting civilization and progress. Kennedy locates the move to international organization in turn-of-the-century reformist aspirations for parliamentary, administrative, and judicial mechanisms that, in the Victorian language of the day, would convert “passion into reason.” By the time this Journal was established, the Congress of Vienna’s concert system had provided a model for an incipient (albeit only periodic) pseudo-parliament; diverse public administrative unions and river commissions suggested the possibilities for international administration and even the interstate pooling of funds; and the Permanent Court of Arbitration presaged an international judiciary.

#Oral_IR #International_Organization #International_Law

10.1017/S0002930000016687

January 15, 2016 10:03 PM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:49 PM (EDT)

#International_Law

#International_Organization

The American Journal of International Law

International Organizations

International Organizations: Then and Now

http://www.jstor.org/stable/3651150

#Oral_IR #Religion_IR

August 7, 2018 8:30 PM (EDT)

May 17, 2020 11:52 PM (EDT)

978-1-84467-086-4

London ; New York

Imagined communities

Imagined communities: reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism

#Oral_IR #IPE

10.1080/0969229042000252936

January 30, 2020 1:48 AM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:49 PM (EDT)

0969-2290, 1466-4526

Review of International Political Economy

Review of International Political Economy

Illicit international political economy

Illicit international political economy: the clandestine side of globalization

http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0969229042000252936

Toward a New Socialism offers a critical analysis of capitalism's failings and the imminent need for socialism as an alternative form of government. This book demonstrates that capitalism is destructive and limiting to the many ongoing campaigns to increase freedom, equality, and security. Dr. Richard Schmitt joins with Dr. Anatole Anton to compile a volume of essays exploring the benefits and consequences of a socialist system as an avenue of increased human solidarity and ethical principle. The essays offer a new definition of socialism by investigating the theories and principles of socialism, its influence on social institutions, and its role in work dynamics. Raising important and unavoidable questions for contemporary society, Toward a New Socialism is a vital resource for scholars of political theory and the globalization movement, as well as a necessary read for every citizen under capitalism.

Philosophy / Political; Political Science / Political Ideologies / Communism, Post-Communism & Socialism

#Oral_IR #IPE

February 19, 2020 3:35 AM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:49 PM (EDT)

Anton, Anatole; Schmitt, Richard

978-0-7391-1862-7

Toward a New Socialism

Lexington Books

Socialist Voices

#Oral_IR #Conflict_Management

#Conflict_Management

10.2139/ssrn.412620

June 6, 2016 6:38 PM (EDT)

May 17, 2020 11:51 PM (EDT)

Geo. Wash. L. Rev.

George Washington Law Review

Organizational Culture and Police Misconduct

http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/gwlr72&id=467&div=24&collection=journals

In Geneologies of Religion, Talal Asad explores how religion as a historical category emerged in the West and has come to be applied as a universal concept. The idea that religion has undergone a radical change since the Christian Reformation—from totalitarian and socially repressive to private and relatively benign—is a familiar part of the story of secularization. It is often invokved to explain and justify the liberal politics and world view of modernity. And it leads to the view that "politicized religions" threaten both reason and liberty. Asad's essays explore and question all these assumptions. He argues that "religion" is a construction of European modernity, a construction that authorizes—for Westerners and non-Westerners alike—particular forms of "history making." -- James R. Wood

Religion / General

#Oral_IR #Religion_IR

January 28, 2020 12:46 AM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:52 PM (EDT)

978-0-8018-9593-7

Genealogies of Religion

Genealogies of Religion: Discipline and Reasons of Power in Christianity and Islam

Political Science / Commentary & Opinion; Political Science / History & Theory; Public opinion; United States

#Oral_IR #Methods

January 15, 2016 10:03 PM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:47 PM (EDT)

978-1-60426-606-1

Washington, D.C.

Polling and the Public

Polling and the public : what every citizen should know

http://search.trln.org/search?id=DUKE004942584

Modern warfare is almost always multilateral to one degree or another, requiring countries to cooperate as allies or coalition partners. Yet as the war in Afghanistan has made abundantly clear, multilateral cooperation is neither straightforward nor guaranteed. Countries differ significantly in what they are willing to do and how and where they are willing to do it. Some refuse to participate in dangerous or offensive missions. Others change tactical objectives with each new commander. Some countries defer to their commanders while others hold them to strict account. NATO in Afghanistan explores how government structures and party politics in NATO countries shape how battles are waged in the field. Drawing on more than 250 interviews with senior officials from around the world, David Auerswald and Stephen Saideman find that domestic constraints in presidential and single-party parliamentary systems--in countries such as the United States and Britain respectively--differ from those in countries with coalition governments, such as Germany and the Netherlands. As a result, different countries craft different guidelines for their forces overseas, most notably in the form of military caveats, the often-controversial limits placed on deployed troops. Providing critical insights into the realities of alliance and coalition warfare, NATO in Afghanistan also looks at non-NATO partners such as Australia, and assesses NATO's performance in the 2011 Libyan campaign to show how these domestic political dynamics are by no means unique to Afghanistan.

Auerswald, David P.; Saideman, Stephen M.

Political Science And International Relations ; History & Archaeology;

#Oral_IR #Conflict_Management

#Conflict_Management

January 25, 2020 10:37 PM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:51 PM (EDT)

978-0-691-15938-6

University Press

NATO in Afghanistan

NATO in Afghanistan: Fighting Together, Fighting Alone

"This book suggests a new explanation for why international peace interventions often fail to reach their full potential. Based on several years of ethnographic research in conflict zones around the world, it demonstrates that everyday elements - such as the expatriates' social habits and usual approaches to understanding their areas of operation - strongly influence peacebuilding effectiveness. Individuals from all over the world and all walks of life share numerous practices, habits, and narratives when they serve as interveners in conflict zones. These common attitudes and actions enable foreign peacebuilders to function in the field, but they also result in unintended consequences that thwart international efforts. Certain expatriates follow alternative modes of thinking and acting, often with notable results, but they remain in the minority. Through an in-depth analysis of the interveners' everyday life and work, this book proposes innovative ways to better help host populations build a sustainable peace"-- Provided by publisher.

Intercultural communication; International cooperation; Peace-building; Peaceful change (International relations)

#Oral_IR #Conflict_Management

#Conflict_Management

February 15, 2016 7:28 PM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:51 PM (EDT)

978-1-107-05210-9

New York, NY, USA

Cambridge University Press

Peaceland: conflict resolution and the everyday politics of international intervention

The relationship between religion and democracy is a perennial debate in democratic theory. Recent arguments have been made that certain religions, especially Anglo-Protestantism, are particularly conducive to democracy. Other scholars argue that democracy can be made to fit almost any religion. This article sheds theoretical light on this confusion by construing religion differently. Although there are many religions in the world, they are all informed by an underlying dogma (i.e., an epistemological framework). On the basis of an interpretation of Alexis de Tocqueville’s Democracy in America, I establish two dogmas determining the shape of political and social life: the dogma of equality and the dogma of inequality. By establishing the character of these dogmas, it is demonstrated that democracy rests on the dogma of equality, but it requires religious habits to be liberal.

#Oral_IR #Religion_IR

10.1080/10457097.2012.692638

July 31, 2018 2:10 AM (EDT)

May 17, 2020 11:52 PM (EDT)

1045-7097, 1930-5478

Perspectives on Political Science

Perspectives on Political Science

Tocqueville and the Religion of Democracy

http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10457097.2012.692638

Conflict management; Consenso (Ciencias sociales); Consensus (Social sciences); Cooperación (Psicología); Cooperativeness; Dilema del prisionero, Juego; Egoism; Egoísmo; Games of strategy (Mathematics); Interacción social; Juegos de estrategia (Matemáticas); Prisoner's dilemma game; Social groups; Social interaction; Social psychology; Solución de conflictos

#Collective_Action

#Oral_IR #Collective_Action

June 2, 2019 10:12 PM (EDT)

May 17, 2020 11:51 PM (EDT)

978-0-465-00564-2

The evolution of cooperation

With new chapters on the Lisbon Treaty, environmental policy, and freedom, security and justice, the third edition of Politics in the European Union is fully up-to-date, and remains an essential textbook for students of EU Politics. Four sections on the theories of integration, the history, institutions, and policies of the European Union, provide a comprehensive and well-balanced introduction to the subject to suit all course structures. Theoretical concepts are covered in particular detail, and integrated throughout the text to encourage students to draw links between the EU in theory and in practice. An accessible writing style, combined with a variety of helpful learning features make this the ideal textbook for all students of European Union Politics, including those coming to the subject for the first time. This textbook is also supported by an extensive Online Resource Centre with the following additional material for students and lecturers: For students: An interactive map of Europe An interactive timeline of European integration Multiple choice questions Flashcard glossary Web links For lecturers: PowerPoint slides NEW FOR THIS EDITION Essay questions Seminar questions and activities Figures and tables from the book

Bache, Ian; George, Stephen; Bulmer, Simon

Political Science / History & Theory; Political Science / International Relations / General; Political Science / Political Process / General

#Oral_IR #Europe;

February 7, 2020 3:15 AM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:50 PM (EDT)

978-0-19-954481-3

Politics in the European Union

Economic and Monetary Union

#Oral_IR #IPE

10.1080/1366271022000034462

January 30, 2020 1:44 AM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:49 PM (EDT)

1366-2716, 1469-8390

Industry and Innovation

Industry and Innovation

Beyond the Maquila Model?

Beyond the Maquila Model? Nafta and the Mexican Apparel Industry

http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1366271022000034462

This interdisciplinary collection of readings helps students understand state-market relations. It is designed to stand on its own or to supplement other IPE texts.

Business & Economics / General

#Oral_IR #IPE

February 19, 2020 3:06 AM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:49 PM (EDT)

978-0-13-149600-2

Readings in International Political Economy

Although slavery is illegal throughout the world, we learned from Kevin Bales's highly praised exposé, Disposable People: New Slavery in the Global Economy, that more than twenty-seven million people—in countries from Pakistan to Thailand to the United States--are still trapped in bondage. With this new volume, Bales, the leading authority on modern slavery, looks beyond the specific instances of slavery described in his last book to explore broader themes about slavery's causes, its continuation, and how it might be ended. Written to raise awareness and deepen understanding, and touching again on individual lives around the world, this book tackles head-on one of the most urgent and difficult problems facing us today. Each of the chapters in Understanding Global Slavery explores a different facet of global slavery. Bales investigates slavery's historical roots to illuminate today's puzzles. He explores our basic ideas about what slavery is and how the phenomenon fits into our moral, political, and economic worlds. He seeks to explain how human trafficking brings people into our cities and how the demand for trafficked workers, servants, and prostitutes shapes modern slavery. And he asks how we can study and measure this mostly hidden crime. Throughout, Bales emphasizes that to end global slavery, we must first understand it. This book is a step in that direction.

Political Science / Labor & Industrial Relations; Social Science / Sociology / General

#Oral_IR #International_Law

February 19, 2020 6:04 PM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:49 PM (EDT)

978-0-520-93207-4

#International_Law

Understanding Global Slavery: A Reader

University of California Press

Human Trafficking: A Worldwide Concern

#Oral_IR #Europe;

January 30, 2020 3:56 AM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:50 PM (EDT)

Carr, Raymond

978-0-19-280236-1

Spain: a History

Oxford University Press

Spain from 1931 to the present

http://ukcatalogue.oup.com/

"This is the first account of Roma and Gypsy-Travellers from a pan-European perspective. With a comparative focus on Britain and the Czech Republic, it considers their contemporary experiences and needs in the context of their relationship with the rest of society".--BOOKJACKET.

Social Science / Ethnic Studies / General; Social Science / Human Geography

#Oral_IR #Europe;

January 31, 2020 5:11 AM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:50 PM (EDT)

978-0-7546-3921-3

Roma and Gypsy-Travellers in Europe: Modernity, Race, Space, and Exclusion

Segregation of Roma and Gypsy-Travellers

"This is the first account of Roma and Gypsy-Travellers from a pan-European perspective. With a comparative focus on Britain and the Czech Republic, it considers their contemporary experiences and needs in the context of their relationship with the rest of society".--BOOKJACKET.

Social Science / Ethnic Studies / General; Social Science / Human Geography

#Oral_IR #Europe;

February 7, 2020 4:30 AM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:50 PM (EDT)

978-0-7546-3921-3

Roma and Gypsy-Travellers in Europe: Modernity, Race, Space, and Exclusion

Modernity, Space and the Outsider

"This is the first account of Roma and Gypsy-Travellers from a pan-European perspective. With a comparative focus on Britain and the Czech Republic, it considers their contemporary experiences and needs in the context of their relationship with the rest of society".--BOOKJACKET.

Social Science / Ethnic Studies / General; Social Science / Human Geography

#Oral_IR #Europe;

February 7, 2020 4:33 AM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:50 PM (EDT)

978-0-7546-3921-3

Roma and Gypsy-Travellers in Europe: Modernity, Race, Space, and Exclusion

The Gypsies Metamorphoses: Race, Racialization and Racial Action in Europe

#Oral_IR #IR_Theory

10.1177/0022343399036004001

June 26, 2019 10:14 AM (EDT)

May 17, 2020 11:52 PM (EDT)

0022-3433, 1460-3578

Journal of Peace Research

Journal of Peace Research

Globalization and Peace

Globalization and Peace: Assessing New Directions in the Study of Trade and Conflict

http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0022343399036004001

#Collective_Action

#Oral_IR #Collective_Action #Religion_IR

July 31, 2018 1:25 AM (EDT)

May 17, 2020 11:52 PM (EDT)

Banks, Bryan A.; Johnson, Erica

978-3-319-59682-2 978-3-319-59683-9

The French Revolution and Religion in Global Perspective

Springer International Publishing

Alexis de Tocqueville

Alexis de Tocqueville: Civil Religion, Race, and the Roots of French Universalism, 1830–1857

http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-59683-9_5

International Relations scholars have vigorous theories to explain why international organizations (IOs) are created, but they have paid little attention to IO behavior and whether IOs actually do what their creators intend. This blind spot flows logically from the economic theories of organization that have dominated the study of international institutions and regimes. To recover the agency and autonomy of IOs, we offer a constructivist approach. Building on Max Weber's well-known analysis of bureaucracy, we argue that IOs are much more powerful than even neoliberals have argued, and that the same characteristics of bureaucracy that make IOs powerful can also make them prone to dysfunctional behavior. IOs are powerful because, like all bureaucracies, they make rules, and, in so doing, they create social knowledge. IOs deploy this knowledge in ways that define shared international tasks, create new categories of actors, form new interests for actors, and transfer new models of political organization around the world. However, the same normative valuation on impersonal rules that defines bureaucracies and makes them powerful in modern life can also make them unresponsive to their environments, obsessed with their own rules at the expense of primary missions, and ultimately produce inefficient and self-defeating behavior. Sociological and constructivist approaches thus allow us to expand the research agenda beyond IO creation and to ask important questions about the consequences of global bureaucratization and the effects of IOs in world politics.

#Oral_IR #IR_Theory

10.1162/002081899551048

November 8, 2017 7:39 PM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:52 PM (EDT)

0020-8183, 1531-5088

International Organization

The Politics, Power, and Pathologies of International Organizations

https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-organization/article/politics-power-and-pathologies-of-international-organizations/8D7D4BACDF573D26E3A40682A6195F89

College of Europe studies, 1780-9665 ; no. 15Introduction --European Union diplomacy: changes and challenges / Dieter Mahncke -- The Lisbon Treaty: answering the call for greater coherence in EU external relations / Paul Quinn -- The emergence of the EEAS: a retrospective on the institutional wrangling for the soul of European diplomacy / Benjamin Barton --Personification of diplomacy? the faces of EU foreign policy / Anne-Claire Marangoni -- The role of seconded national experts in the development of the CFSP and CSDP / Yannick Hartstein -- EU multilateral diplomacy after Lisbon: more single European voice in the United Nations / Sieglinde Gstohl -- Political dialogue as an instrument of EU diplomacy: the case of China / Youri Devuyst & Jing Men -- EU economic diplomacy / Andre Ghione -- From commission delegations to 'EU embassies': external perceptions of EU diplomacy / Shannon Petry -- Fit for the future: training European diplomats / Dieter Mahncke & Sieglinde Gstohl; College of Europe studies ; no. 15.; Introduction --European Union diplomacy: changes and challenges / Dieter Mahncke -- The Lisbon Treaty: answering the call for greater coherence in EU external relations / Paul Quinn -- The emergence of the EEAS: a retrospective on the institutional wrangling for the soul of European diplomacy / Benjamin Barton --Personification of diplomacy? the faces of EU foreign policy / Anne-Claire Marangoni -- The role of seconded national experts in the development of the CFSP and CSDP / Yannick Hartstein -- EU multilateral diplomacy after Lisbon: more single European voice in the United Nations / Sieglinde Gstohl -- Political dialogue as an instrument of EU diplomacy: the case of China / Youri Devuyst & Jing Men -- EU economic diplomacy / Andre Ghione -- From commission delegations to 'EU embassies': external perceptions of EU diplomacy / Shannon Petry -- Fit for the future: training European diplomats / Dieter Mahncke & Sieglinde Gstohl

#Oral_IR #International_Organization #European_Union

January 15, 2016 10:03 PM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:50 PM (EDT)

Mahncke, Dieter; Gstöhl, Sieglinde

#European_Union

9789052018423 (alk. paper); 9052018421 (alk. paper)

#International_Organization

Book, Section

European Union diplomacy : coherence, unity and effectiveness

P.I.E. Peter Lang

The emergence of the EEAS a retrospective on the institutional wrangling for the soul of European diplomacy

Democracy requires that citizens’ opinions play some role in shaping policy outcomes, including in foreign policy. Yet, although the literature on public opinion and foreign policy has made great progress in recent decades, scholars have reached no consensus concerning what the public thinks, or thinks about, with respect to foreign policy; how it comes to hold those opinions; or whether those opinions influence (or even should influence) foreign policy. In this article, we first review the extensive gains in scholarly knowledge in the area of public opinion and foreign policy over the past several decades, emphasizing relatively recent work. We then suggest a framework, based on the concept of market equilibrium, aimed at synthesizing the disparate research programs that constitute the literature on public opinion and foreign policy. To do so, in addition to considering the relationship between leaders and the public, we incorporate a third strategic actor, the mass media, which we believe plays a critical role alongside citizens and elites in shaping the public’s attitudes about, and influence on, foreign policy. Our goal is to clarify the multifaceted relationships between these actors and foreign policy outcomes.

#Oral_IR #Methods

10.1146/annurev.polisci.11.060406.214132

February 5, 2020 4:49 AM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:47 PM (EDT)

1094-2939, 1545-1577

Annu. Rev. Polit. Sci.

Annual Review of Political Science

The Relationships Between Mass Media, Public Opinion, and Foreign Policy

The Relationships Between Mass Media, Public Opinion, and Foreign Policy: Toward a Theoretical Synthesis

http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev.polisci.11.060406.214132

Much of the debate about the rule of law in democratizing states centers on formal institutional design as the key to building a democratic judiciary. While acknowledging the importance of a good institutional blueprint, I argue that superior institutional rules do not necessarily lead to a healthy judicial culture that enshrines democratic principles and compels actors within the judiciary to take the formal rules seriously. Drawing on nearly 400 original survey and interview responses from judges in Romania and the Czech Republic, this article offers an empirical overview of aggregatelevel trends across several key dimensions of judicial culture, including perceptions of judicial independence, attitudes toward corruption in the judiciary, and the professional satisfaction and commitment of judges. The findings of the study not only run counter to the institutionalist thesis that better institutional rules will produce a more democratic judiciary, they suggest an important theoretical linkage between judicial culture and patterns of trust in the self-governing institutions of the judiciary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]; Copyright of Demokratizatsiya is the property of World Affairs Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

#Oral_IR #Europe;

10.3200/DEMO.18.1.28-55

January 15, 2016 10:03 PM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:50 PM (EDT)

Demokratizatsiya

A tale of two transitions

A tale of two transitions: exploring the origins of post-Communist judicial culture in Romania and the Czech Republic

http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=48304421&site=ehost-live&scope=site

#Collective_Action

#Oral_IR #Collective_Action #Religion_IR

April 4, 2018 8:10 PM (EDT)

May 17, 2020 11:52 PM (EDT)

Civil religion in America

#Collective_Action

#Oral_IR #Collective_Action #Religion_IR

10.1162/001152605774431464

April 5, 2018 5:04 PM (EDT)

May 17, 2020 11:52 PM (EDT)

0011-5266, 1548-6192

Civil religion in America

http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/10.1162/001152605774431464

The Responsibility to Protect (RtoP) played an important role in shaping the world's response to actual and threatened atrocities in Libya. Not least, the adoption of Resolution 1973 by the UN Security Council on May 17, 2011, approving a no-fly zone over Libya and calling for “all necessary measures” to protect civilians, reflected a change in the Council's attitude toward the use of force for human protection purposes; and the role played by the UN's new Joint Office on the Prevention of Genocide and the Responsibility to Protect points toward the potential for this new capacity to identify threats of mass atrocities and to focus the UN's attention on preventing them. Given the reluctance of both the Security Council and the wider UN membership even to discuss RtoP in the years immediately following the 2005 World Summit—the High-level Plenary Meeting of the 60th Session of the General Assembly that gave birth to RtoP—these two facts suggest that significant progress has been made thanks to the astute stewardship of UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, who is personally committed to the principle. Where it was once a term of art employed by a handful of like-minded countries, activists, and scholars, but regarded with suspicion by much of the rest of the world, RtoP has become a commonly accepted frame of reference for preventing and responding to mass atrocities.

#Oral_IR #Conflict_Management #International_Law

#Conflict_Management

10.1017/S0892679411000219

February 15, 2016 7:18 PM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:51 PM (EDT)

#International_Law

Ethics int. aff.

Ethics & International Affairs

Libya and the Responsibility to Protect

Libya and the Responsibility to Protect: The Exception and the Norm

http://journals.cambridge.org/article_S0892679411000219

Theorizing under the rubric of paradigmatic ‘isms’ has made important conceptual contributions to International Relations, but the organization of the subfield around these isms is based on flawed readings of the philosophy of science and has run its course. A promising alternative is to build on the philosophical foundation of scientific realism and orient International Relations theorizing around the idea of explanation via reference to hypothesized causal mechanisms. Yet in order to transform the practice of International Relations theorizing and research, calls for ‘analytic eclecticism’ must not only demonstrate that scientific realism is a defensible epistemology amenable to diverse methods; they must provide a structured and memorable framework for diverse and cumulative theorizing and research, field-wide discourse, and compelling pedagogy. I Introduce a ‘taxonomy of theories about causal mechanisms’ as a structured pluralist framework for encompassing the theories about mechanisms of power, institutions, and legitimacy that have been providing the explanatory content of the isms all along. This framework encourages middle-range or typological theorizing about combinations of causal mechanisms and their operation in recurrent contexts, and it offers a means of reinvigorating the dialogue between International Relations, the other subfields of political science, and the rest of the social sciences.

#Oral_IR #Methods

10.1177/1354066113495484

January 25, 2020 11:14 PM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:47 PM (EDT)

1354-0661, 1460-3713

European Journal of International Relations

European Journal of International Relations

The mother of all isms

The mother of all isms: Causal mechanisms and structured pluralism in International Relations theory

http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1354066113495484

#Oral_IR #IR_Theory

10.1162/ISEC_a_00057

June 21, 2019 11:08 PM (EDT)

May 17, 2020 11:52 PM (EDT)

0162-2889, 1531-4804

International Security

International Security

The Collapse of North Korea

The Collapse of North Korea: Military Missions and Requirements

http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/10.1162/ISEC_a_00057

Bennett, Stephen Earl; Flickinger, Richard S.

#Oral_IR #Methods

10.1177/0095327X08324764

February 5, 2020 4:55 AM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:47 PM (EDT)

0095-327X, 1556-0848

Armed Forces & Society

Armed Forces & Society

Americans' Knowledge of U.S. Military Deaths in Iraq, April 2004 to April 2008

http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0095327X08324764

The most striking and theoretically anomalous finding of previous research on self-interest and attitudes is the absence of a self-interest motive in support for the Vietnam War. This research note reconsiders this result using a panel survey of university students collected before and after the first Vietnam draft lottery. These data are unique because they allow the unbiased estimation of the effect of self-interest on attitudes toward the war. I find that, contrary to previous results, self-interest had a substantial impact on support for the war.

#Oral_IR #Methods

10.1093/poq/nfp024

February 5, 2020 4:18 AM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:47 PM (EDT)

1537-5331, 0033-362X

Public Opinion Quarterly

The Draft Lottery and Attitudes Towards the Vietnam War

https://academic.oup.com/poq/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/poq/nfp024

1945-; East Asia; Foreign relations; Historiography; Japan; Nationalism; World War, 1939-1945

#Oral_IR #IR_Theory

June 22, 2019 2:52 PM (EDT)

May 17, 2020 11:52 PM (EDT)

Hasegawa, Tsuyoshi; Tōgō, Kazuhiko

978-0-313-35612-4

Westport, Conn

East Asia's haunted present: historical memories and the resurgence of nationalism

Praeger Security International

PSI reports (Westport, Conn.)

Dealing with Difficult Pasts: Japan’s “History Problem” from a Theoretical and Comparative Perspective

#Oral_IR #IR_Theory #Religion_IR #Strategic_Culture

10.2307/2539024

October 22, 2017 11:25 PM (EDT)

May 17, 2020 11:53 PM (EDT)

International Security

International Security

From sword to chrysanthemum

#Strategic_Culture

From sword to chrysanthemum: Japan's culture of anti-militarism

https://www.jstor.org/stable/2539024

What will the Asia-Pacific rim look like in the years ahead? What tools will international relations theorists need to understand the complex relationship among China, Japan, and the United States as the three powers shape the economic and political future of this crucial region?Some of the best and most innovative scholars in international relations and Asian area studies gather here with the working premise that stability in the broader Asia-Pacific region is in large part a function of the behavior of, and relationships among, these three major powers. Each author analyzes the foreign policy behavior of one or more of these states and/or relations among them in an effort to make claims about the prospects for regional stability. Some of the chapters focus on security relationships, some on economic relations, and some on the interaction of the two. The authors do not promote any particular theoretical perspective, but instead draw on the full diversity of theoretical approaches in contemporary international relations scholarship to illuminate international interactions among the Pacific powers.The creative collaboration of international relations and Asian studies specialists presents the opportunity to assess the applicability of Western categories of analysis to the beliefs and behaviors of Asian actors. The scholars in this volume share the conviction that a deeper understanding of the effects of cultural divides between Asian and American policymakers is essential if the Pacific rim's economic and regional security is to be safeguarded.

Political Science / International Relations / General

#Oral_IR #IR_Theory

June 11, 2019 12:14 AM (EDT)

May 17, 2020 11:52 PM (EDT)

Ikenberry, G. John; Mastanduno, Micahel

978-0-231-12590-1 978-0-231-12591-8

International Relations Theory and the Asia-Pacific

Columbia University Press

Power and Purpose in Pacific East Asia: A Constructivist Interpretation

Many political scientists and policymakers argue that unmediated events—the successes and failures on the battlefield—determine whether the mass public will support military excursions. The public supports war, the story goes, if the benefits of action outweigh the costs of conflict. Other scholars contend that the balance of elite discourse influences public support for war. I draw upon survey evidence from World War II and the current war in Iraq to come to a common conclusion regarding public support for international interventions. I find little evidence that citizens make complex cost/benefit calculations when evaluating military action. Instead, I find that patterns of elite conflict shape opinion concerning war. When political elites disagree as to the wisdom of intervention, the public divides as well. But when elites come to a common interpretation of a political reality, the public gives them great latitude to wage war.

#Oral_IR #Methods

10.1111/j.1468-2508.2007.00602.x

February 6, 2020 12:24 AM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:47 PM (EDT)

Journal of Politics

Assuming the Costs of War

Assuming the Costs of War: Events, Elites, and American Public Support for Military Conflict

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1468-2508.2007.00602.x

Professors Peter Feaver, Christopher Gelpi, and Jason Reifler’s theory of the determinants of public support for war has received a great deal of attention among academics, journalists, and policymakers. They argue that support for war hinges on initial support for military action and the belief in the success of the war. In this review, we take a critical and constructive view of their work, focusing on methodological concerns. We discuss the dependent variable used by the authors—individual casualty tolerance—and argue that it is an insufficient measure of war support. We also make the case that their independent variables of interest—initial support for war and evaluation of war success—may, in fact, be best understood as indicators of latent support for the war more generally. Finally, we discuss the need for more research into the determinants of support for war, focusing on core values and elite rhetoric as potential variables for continued and future study.

#Oral_IR #Methods

10.1093/poq/nfl049

February 5, 2020 4:23 AM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:47 PM (EDT)

1537-5331, 0033-362X

Public Opinion Quarterly

The Polls—Review

https://academic.oup.com/poq/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/poq/nfl049

Practically everywhere one looks these days the concept of “civil society” is in vogue. Neo-Tocquevillean scholars argue that civil society plays a role in driving political, social, and even economic outcomes. This new conventional wisdom, however, is flawed. It is simply not true that democratic government is always strengthened, not weakened, when it faces a vigorous civil society. This essay shows how a robust civil society helped scuttle the twentieth century's most critical democratic experiment, Weimar Germany. An important implication of this analysis is that under certain circumstances associationism and the prospects for democratic stability can actually be inversely related. To know when civil society activity will take on oppositional or even antidemocratic tendencies, one needs to ground one's analyses in concrete examinations of political reality. Political scientists should remember that Tocqueville considered Americans' political associations to be as important as their nonpolitical ones, and they should therefore examine more closely the connections between the two under various conditions.

#Oral_IR #Europe;

10.1353/wp.1997.0008

June 28, 2019 11:26 PM (EDT)

May 17, 2020 11:50 PM (EDT)

0043-8871, 1086-3338

World Politics

Civil Society and the Collapse of the Weimar Republic

https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0043887100007978/type/journal_article

Why do actors in transitional governments choose to hold fair elections when so many other options are available? The answer to this question is key to understanding an essential element of democracy’s institutional collage. This essay explores the choice of fair elections through the comparison of two episodes in Portuguese history: the elections held at the founding of the First Republic (which were unfair) and the elections held after the fall of the Salazar–Caetano dictatorship (which were fair instead). The findings challenge arguments strictly based on the socioeconomic and class-based determinants of democratization: Although collective actors pursued outcomes on the basis of the expected distributional consequences of their choices, the author shows that cross-class political actors were more important than class actors and that the distribution of institutional power was more important than the distribution of wealth. The author also shows that illusions and misperceptions were highly consequential for important institutional choices. If scholars seek to explain democratization on the basis of structural realities alone, they risk overrating the power of wealth and underrating the power of the imagined.

#Oral_IR #Domestic_Politics

10.1177/0010414010370438

January 20, 2018 1:23 AM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:50 PM (EDT)

#Domestic_Politics

0010-4140, 1552-3829

Comparative Political Studies

Comparative Political Studies

Interests, inequality, and illusion in the choice for fair elections

http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0010414010370438

Bernhard, Michael; Reenock, Christopher; Nordstrom, Timothy

#Oral_IR #Domestic_Politics

10.1111/j.0020-8833.2004.00298.x

March 12, 2018 3:14 AM (EDT)

May 17, 2020 11:50 PM (EDT)

#Domestic_Politics

0020-8833, 1468-2478

International Studies Quarterly

The legacy of Western overseas colonialism on democratic survival

https://academic.oup.com/isq/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.0020-8833.2004.00298.x

#Oral_IR #IR_Theory

10.2307/2539205

June 21, 2019 11:09 PM (EDT)

May 17, 2020 11:52 PM (EDT)

International Security

International Security

Wealth, Power, and Instability

Wealth, Power, and Instability: East Asia and the United States after the Cold War

https://www.jstor.org/stable/2539205?origin=crossref

Bickerton, Chris J.,; Irondelle, Bastien; Menon, Anand

#Oral_IR #European_Union

10.1111/j.1468-5965.2010.02126.x

January 15, 2016 10:03 PM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:50 PM (EDT)

#European_Union

JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies

Security Co-operation beyond the Nation-State

Security Co‐operation beyond the Nation‐State: The EU's common security and defence policy

http://ncsu.summon.serialssolutions.com/link/0/eLvHCXMwQ7QySS4PQFOKZuD1NUjjPPCd05CTI-BDcaA8Ay7JkbI-eK4StJPI0swUumoLWDKb6VXoJyaBBg6SS0BltbEBaOlXuKcHvMQGNoogNx2AlitYWJihrvjBaiJmCY7augVXT24CDOXwQw3zK0D7llBW5-uDT0QEH4OBfPojNTwqyMAPbdEqOEKSoBADU2qeMAMnbMNzsTCDIHSNHVARtCQRYYgLht6bp-Cc_6hhQn5BKiQlKiSBd9QoAJulCpAju4Gy4AaxlQIwRSu4hqoXK4A2tQCVwo1IBGpwSU0DmawAOeeY75dFps-RLN-gtTmbelbt0JcHAJIkqvE

Biedenkopf, Kurt H; Geremek, Bronisław; Michalski, Krzysztof; Reflection Group on the Spiritual and Cultural Dimension of Europe; European Commission; Directorate K - Social sciences and humanities; foresight

#Collective_Action

#Oral_IR #Collective_Action #Religion_IR

April 7, 2018 3:32 PM (EDT)

May 17, 2020 11:52 PM (EDT)

978-92-894-9062-7

Text in English with one article in French.

Office for Official Publications of the European Union

The spiritual and cultural dimension of Europe

The spiritual and cultural dimension of Europe: Reflection Group initiated by the President of the European Commission and coordinated by the Institue for Human Sciences : concluding remarks

Biehl, Heiko; Giegerich, Bastian; Jonas, Alexandra

#Oral_IR

February 25, 2020 2:35 AM (EST)

February 25, 2020 2:36 AM (EST)

Biehl, Heiko; Giegerich, Bastian; Jonas, Alexandra

978-3-658-01167-3 978-3-658-01168-0

Strategic Cultures in Europe

Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden

http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-658-01168-0

The total survey error (TSE) paradigm provides a theoretical framework for optimizing surveys by maximizing data quality within budgetary constraints. In this article, the TSE paradigm is viewed as part of a much larger design strategy that seeks to optimize surveys by maximizing total survey quality; i.e., quality more broadly defined to include user-specified dimensions of quality. Survey methodology, viewed within this larger framework, alters our perspectives on the survey design, implementation, and evaluation. As an example, although a major objective of survey design is to maximize accuracy subject to costs and timeliness constraints, the survey budget must also accommodate additional objectives related to relevance, accessibility, interpretability, comparability, coherence, and completeness that are critical to a survey’s ‘‘fitness for use.’’ The article considers how the total survey quality approach can be extended beyond survey design to include survey implementation and evaluation. In doing so, the ‘‘fitness for use’’ perspective is shown to influence decisions regarding how to reduce survey error during design implementation and what sources of error should be evaluated in order to assess the survey quality today and to prepare for the surveys of the future.

#Oral_IR #Methods

10.1093/poq/nfq058

February 5, 2020 4:31 AM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:47 PM (EDT)

0033-362X, 1537-5331

Public Opinion Quarterly

Public Opinion Quarterly

Total Survey Error

Total Survey Error: Design, Implementation, and Evaluation

https://academic.oup.com/poq/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/poq/nfq058

Published under the auspices of the American Society of International Law. Winner of the Certificate of Merit by the American Society of International Law in 1988 This major study of the International Court of Justice was the first comprehensive analysis of the issues confronting governments in reexamining the scope of their consent to the Court's jurisdiction. Topics include the suitability of various kinds of disputes for resolution by the Court; problems of non-appearance, non-participation, & non-performance; provisional measures; & more.

Law / International

#Oral_IR #International_Law

February 6, 2020 2:56 AM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:49 PM (EDT)

Damrosch, Lori Fisler

978-0-941320-46-7

#International_Law

The International Court of Justice at a crossroads

Transnational Publishers, Incorporated

International Dispute Settlement and the Role of International Adjudication

Involvement in Collective Action OrganizationsIn Chapter 1, we identified three aspects of involvement in collective action within organizations that would be one focus of this book: contributions to collective goals and activities, identification with the organization, and trust in the organization. We chose these because they are intrinsically interesting for understanding how people are involved with collective action organizations today. Contributions are important for the obvious reason, namely because these are the behavioral outcomes that have traditionally defined collective action. Absent contributions to collective goals and activities, most collective action organizations would cease to exist. We saw in Chapters 4 and 5 that it is possible to explain a good deal of the variation in people's contributions toward collective action if one attends to matters of motivation, goals, interaction, and engagement. These are consistently more important than education, age, and people's broader involvement in community and public life.As we argued in Chapter 3, we do not think of contributions to collective goals and activities solely as concrete choices to act or free ride, made in light of incentives. In our view, to contribute is to navigate across the boundary between private domains of interest and public ones. This boundary crossing may manifest classically as conscious choices, especially where boundaries are clear and effortful to cross, or boundary crossing may emerge as more seamless expressions of solidarity with others, as the publicizing of private interests or the statement of political or social identity. For these reasons, our second indicator of collective action was identification, which taps into attitudes that go beyond, or that may precede, behavior. We believe identification is important to understanding collective action, because people's involvement in organizations is not unidirectional. Organizations such as The American Legion, AARP, and MoveOn do not simply mobilize autonomous individuals who have fixed private attitudes and political orientations. Organizations shape how people feel about civil society, and one potentially important way is through identification. To the extent that people come to identify with a civic or political organization, they are shaped by their membership in ways that transcend their specific acts of collective action in that one organization.

Bimber, Bruce; Flanagin, Andrew; Stohl, Cynthia

#Collective_Action

#Oral_IR #Collective_Action

January 25, 2020 12:37 AM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:51 PM (EDT)

978-0-521-19172-2

Collective Action in Organizations: Interaction and Engagement in an Era of Technological Change

Cambridge University Press

Communication, Society and Politics

Participatory Styles, the Individual, and the Contemporary Organization

https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/collective-action-in-organizations/participatory-styles-the-individual-and-the-contemporary-organization/073D082044DB9EC72E5742016312AC19

A great deal of what people wish to accomplish cannot be achieved alone, either by private, individual actions or through markets and their modern instrument for aggregating private interest, the corporation. Only through some form of collective action can people realize important individual and group goals and produce the myriad shared benefits associated with social life. Acting collectively requires associating voluntarily with others who share interests or identities, and it can mean participating in solving problems at the local, national, or global scale. Collective action can involve advocating for causes or goals, recruiting others, and banding together to gain voice and representation before public institutions, corporations, and other bodies, or it can entail producing something of value that is shared beyond those who created it. Whether the goal is the creation of public parks or pathways, health care or human rights, environmental sustainability or electoral accountability, or information databases and communication systems, the need for at least two people to act together toward the establishment of some shared “public good” is an enduring fact of human life.For a long time, scholarly literature placed organizations, not individuals, at the center of collective action. Olson's 1965 classic, The Logic of Collection Action, is an account of the choices faced by individuals to participate in collective efforts or not, and in his widely accepted view, it is organizations that solve the problem of individuals free riding on the efforts of others. Organizations act on behalf of groups of people, embodying and representing their concerns, empowering them as collectivities, and organizing them. Success at collective action in the end is not so much a function of the complexity or individualism of people's choices, which are constrained by the unvarying logic of free riding, but a function of how well organizations perform at overcoming that logic. Likewise, Truman (1951), in his own classic work, viewed latent interests on the part of citizens as being manifest only when expressed in organizational form. Similarly, Knoke defines an association, which can range from a trade association to a civic group, as “a formally organized, named group” and emphasizes the importance of the “acquisition and allocation of organizational resources to collective objectives” (Knoke, 1986, 2).

Bimber, Bruce; Flanagin, Andrew; Stohl, Cynthia

#Collective_Action

#Oral_IR #Collective_Action

January 25, 2020 12:37 AM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:51 PM (EDT)

978-0-521-19172-2

Collective Action in Organizations: Interaction and Engagement in an Era of Technological Change

Cambridge University Press

Communication, Society and Politics

Involvement in Organizational Collective Action in an Era of Technological Change

https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/collective-action-in-organizations/involvement-in-organizational-collective-action-in-an-era-of-technological-change/C46155F295518773F0E5FD9C3FB12F9F

An understanding of collective action in the contemporary media environment requires a way of conceptualizing technology that is relevant to collective action. In our case, that means technology that is rapidly ramifying and collective action that takes place within organizational contexts. As we suggested in Chapter 1, it is important to avoid the pitfalls of attempting to theorize connections from such fine-grained matters as how frequently people use e-mail or a particular social-networking tool to hypothesize about a variety of behavioral outcomes. A good deal of analysis has theorized that technology use affects behavior by reducing costs or increasing choice, but those theories have typically not conceptualized behavior as being structured through organizational membership, and they also provide little purchase on differences among so many technologies, all of which in one way or another reduce costs, facilitate communication, and distribute information more widely and seamlessly. Our interest in this book is in theorizing how the digital-media environment affects behavior as well as attitudes – involvement – in a way that is not dependent on solving intractable measurement problems and that is also specified precisely to take place in organizational contexts. This will require conceptualizing technology in organization-relevant ways. Our main theoretical task is therefore to trace how features of technology shape people's experience of organizations. We will do this in several steps in this chapter and in Chapter 3 by identifying two general aspects of the contemporary media environment relevant to all collective action regardless of context, showing how these affect human boundaries of all kinds and what that means for collective action theory generally, and focusing on what these aspects of the media environment and boundaries mean inside organizations, through interaction and engagement.

Bimber, Bruce; Flanagin, Andrew; Stohl, Cynthia

#Collective_Action

#Oral_IR #Collective_Action

January 25, 2020 12:37 AM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:51 PM (EDT)

978-0-521-19172-2

Collective Action in Organizations: Interaction and Engagement in an Era of Technological Change

Cambridge University Press

Communication, Society and Politics

The Contemporary Media Environment and the Evolution of Boundaries in Organization-based Collective Action

https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/collective-action-in-organizations/contemporary-media-environment-and-the-evolution-of-boundaries-in-organizationbased-collective-action/93710ADF2A4DE3659A9D8BA49CF0396E

Conceptualizing technology as creating a context for collective action where boundaries are easily crossed provides a way around the problem of taking too fine grained a view of technological tools and their use in a period in which technology is ubiquitous and rapidly changing. If the observations in Chapter 2 are right, then we have moved a step forward in thinking about collective action in organizational contexts. Completing that task, however, will require a clear view of the theory of collective action, against which the significance of diminished boundaries can be examined; this is the first goal of Chapter 3. We begin with a review of the key elements of collective action theory, consider further what diminished boundaries imply for this body of theory, and then focus on two particular boundaries: among members, and between members and organizational processes and decision making. This leads to the chapter's second goal, presenting our main theoretical framework, collective action space, which provides a way to conceptualize and measure people's experience of two important kinds of boundaries within collective action organizations.Traditional Collective Action Theory and Its ModificationsTheories of collective action have a special place and rich heritage in the social sciences. Collective action is one of relatively few broadly discipline-spanning ideas, with important contributions from economics and political science (e.g., Chamberlin, 1974; Downs, 1957; Olson, 1965; Ostrom, 1990; Samuelson, 1954), sociology (e.g., Coleman, 1990; Marwell and Oliver, 1993; Oliver, 1993), communication (e.g., Connolly and Thorn, 1990; Fulk et al., 1996; Markus, 1990; Monge et al., 1998), and ecology (e.g., Hardin, 1982) among other disciplines. Collective action theory has been subject to a great deal of critique, modification, and elaboration. Much of this body of reaction to the basic theory of collective action was powerfully symbolized by the 2009 Nobel Prize in economics, which went to Ostrom for work showing how common pool resource problems, a form of collective action challenge, can in practice be solved through adequate institutional arrangements – that is, forms of organization. Because processes of collective action lie at the heart of so many social phenomena, they are an important part of the fabric of societies. People's involvement in community affairs, voluntary and charitable activities, larger social and political associations and identifications, levels of social trust, and participation in democracy are all connected to matters of collective action.

Bimber, Bruce; Flanagin, Andrew; Stohl, Cynthia

#Collective_Action

#Oral_IR #Collective_Action

January 25, 2020 12:37 AM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:51 PM (EDT)

978-0-521-19172-2

Collective Action in Organizations: Interaction and Engagement in an Era of Technological Change

Cambridge University Press

Communication, Society and Politics

The Collective Action Space

https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/collective-action-in-organizations/collective-action-space/5D3076E6BCFF68BB01A112B5CEFB9974

"This book argues that Europe, through the European Union (EU), should act as a great power in the 21st century. The course of world politics is determined by the interaction between great powers. Those powers are the US, the established power; Russia, the declining power; China, the rising power; and the EU, the power that doesn't know whether it wants to be a power. If the EU does not just want to undergo the policies of the other powers it will have to become one itself, but it should differ in its strategy. In this book, Sven Biscop seeks to demonstrate that the EU has the means to pursue a distinctive great power strategy, a middle way between dreamy idealism and unprincipled pragmatism, and can play a crucial stabilizing role in this increasingly unstable world. Written by a leading scholar, this book will be of much interest to students of European security, EU policy, strategic studies and International Relations"--

21st century; European Union countries; Foreign relations; Politics and government; Security, International

#Oral_IR #European_Union

June 8, 2019 5:29 PM (EDT)

May 17, 2020 11:50 PM (EDT)

#European_Union

978-1-138-38471-2 978-1-138-38472-9

London ; New York, NY

Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group

Routledge studies in European security and strategy

European strategy in the 21st century

European strategy in the 21st century: new future for old power

#Oral_IR #European_Union

10.1080/00396338.2018.1470771

January 29, 2019 1:46 AM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:50 PM (EDT)

#European_Union

0039-6338, 1468-2699

European Defence

European Defence: Give PESCO a Chance

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00396338.2018.1470771

#Oral_IR #European_Union

May 24, 2019 2:23 AM (EDT)

May 17, 2020 11:50 PM (EDT)

#European_Union

Egmont-The Royal Institute for International Relations

Oratio pro PESCO

On 28 June 2016 High Representative Federica Mogherini presented the Global Strategy for the European Union’s Foreign and Security Policy (EUGS) to the European Council. Many pundits will present it …

#Oral_IR #European_Union

December 3, 2017 7:23 PM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:50 PM (EDT)

#European_Union

Egmont Institute

The EU Global Strategy

The EU Global Strategy: realpolitik with European characteristics

http://www.egmontinstitute.be/eu-global-strategy/

Bishop, George F.; Mockabee, Stephen T.

#Oral_IR #Methods

10.29115/SP-2011-0031

February 5, 2020 5:10 AM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:47 PM (EDT)

Survey Practice

Comparability of Measurement in Public Opinion Polls

https://surveypractice.scholasticahq.com/article/3069-comparability-of-measurement-in-public-opinion-polls

This book addresses a simple question: What makes people decide to vote or not to vote? As we shall see, the answer may not be as simple as the question.I start with a simple model, the rational choice model. According to it, a citizen makes up her mind to vote or not through a simple calculus. She decides to vote if, in her view, the benefits of voting are greater than the costs; if, on the contrary, the costs are greater than the benefits, she decides not to vote.The “calculus of voting” model was initially developed by Downs

#Collective_Action

#Oral_IR #Collective_Action

January 25, 2020 2:44 AM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:51 PM (EDT)

978-0-8229-4129-3

To Vote or Not to Vote: The Merits and Limits of Rational Choice Theory

University of Pittsburgh Press

Introduction.: Is It Rational to Vote?

http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt5hjrrf.4

We document a divergence in the duration of rule for monarchs in Western Europe and the Islamic world beginning in the medieval period. While leadership tenures in the two regions were similar in the 8th century, Christian kings became increasingly long lived compared to Muslim sultans. We argue that forms of executive constraint that emerged under feudal institutions in Western Europe were associated with increased political stability and find empirical support for this argument. While feudal institutions served as the basis for military recruitment by European monarchs, Muslim sultans relied on mamlukism—or the use of military slaves imported from non-Muslim lands. Dependence on mamluk armies limited the bargaining strength of local notables vis-à-vis the sultan, hindering the development of a productively adversarial relationship between ruler and local elites. We argue that Muslim societies’ reliance on mamluks, rather than local elites, as the basis for military leadership, may explain why the Glorious Revolution occurred in England, not Egypt.

#Oral_IR #Domestic_Politics

10.1017/S0003055412000561

January 28, 2020 2:18 AM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:50 PM (EDT)

#Domestic_Politics

0003-0554, 1537-5943

Am Polit Sci Rev

American Political Science Review

The Feudal Revolution and Europe's Rise

The Feudal Revolution and Europe's Rise: Political Divergence of the Christian West and the Muslim World before 1500 CE

https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055412000561/type/journal_article

#Oral_IR #Methods

February 6, 2020 12:25 AM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:47 PM (EDT)

World Politics

The Political Economy of Women's Support for Fundamentalist Islam

https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/wpot60&i=616

This article reports on the American public’s perceptions of terrorist threats in the post-9/11 era. It presents poll data from September 11, 2001, to the early months of 2010. The report addresses issues including the importance of terrorism as an issue facing the country; concern about terrorist attacks over different time horizons and in different places; the effect of terrorism on respondents personally; and approval of the President and his administration’s handling of terrorism.

#Oral_IR #Methods

10.1093/poq/nfr004

February 5, 2020 4:49 AM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:47 PM (EDT)

1537-5331, 0033-362X

Public Opinion Quarterly

The Polls—Trends

The Polls—Trends: Public Perceptions and the Threat of International Terrorism after 9/11

https://academic.oup.com/poq/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/poq/nfr004

In response to the need expressed by European leaders to protect their citizens better against security threats emanating from within and outside the EU’s borders, a package of defensive measures has been developed with remarkable speed. Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) in the area of defence is the most emblematic innovation in this regard. This unique form of enhanced cooperation was triggered under Article 46 TEU. Yet the political rhetoric surrounding its launch has raised expectations that the EU may not be able to meet. This is mainly due to misperceptions about the legal nature and enforceability of the so-called “binding” commitments agreed to. PESCO will need to overcome at least three key challenges: raising the level of ambition while ensuring inclusivity; maintaining credibility in case participating States do not comply with their commitments; and ensuring coherence with the many other building blocks in Europe’s defence architecture. Arguably, legal commitments are the hardest in the area of industrial integration. With moves to incentivize capability development and create a single market for defence, the Community method will be applied to a field hitherto jealously shielded off by the Member States. This dimension of the incipient European Defence Union represents a game-changer in the integration process.

#Oral_IR #European_Union

June 10, 2019 3:28 AM (EDT)

May 17, 2020 11:50 PM (EDT)

#European_Union

Common Market Law Review

Common Market Law Review

The EU’s modular approach to defence integration: An inclusive, ambitious and legally binding PESCO?

http://www.kluwerlawonline.com/abstract.php?area=Journals&id=COLA2018145

#Oral_IR #International_Organization #European_Union

January 15, 2016 10:03 PM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:50 PM (EDT)

Cardwell, Paul James

#European_Union

978-90-6704-822-4

#International_Organization

Book, Section

EU external relations law and policy in the post-Lisbon era

T. M. C. Asser Press

The European External Action Service: Enhancing Coherence in EU External Action?

http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-823-1_7

#Oral_IR #Religion_IR #Strategic_Culture

10.1080/13523260.2012.727679

October 22, 2017 11:39 PM (EDT)

May 17, 2020 11:53 PM (EDT)

1352-3260, 1743-8764

Contemporary Security Policy

Time to Move On

#Strategic_Culture

Time to Move On: Reconceptualizing the Strategic Culture Debate

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13523260.2012.727679

#Oral_IR #International_Organization #International_Law

January 15, 2016 10:03 PM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:49 PM (EDT)

#International_Law

#International_Organization

Harv.Int.Law J.

Harvard International Law Journal

Bilateralism, multilateralism, and the architecture of international law

http://ncsu.summon.serialssolutions.com/link/0/eLvHCXMwQ-w8Qi4PjAmXB6CmO7BDY2iINtADv8CV0AL3QR3pTpk5iaAtxTmg9RTAwAMvF0QVgq2YRJlBgJ4bgRgazIGObWeh3iCEOn4Iu_cM5ixQrx56b7J7YhKwDw650AgxqmCBNqoAMxZkEOQ4UORCFFyxQcslaCEKOXcUmliMkEpEY8h2YtSTrtFqIPi6QEMLYIkDrC8tmBmYgf0syNmgSNtcLU0QFSvo4FYW2ApGaHsgRJCBH-pvBUdIJAgxMKXmCQMNSiwXYfBAjgYdBbRI0FEARoECMAoUkKNAIT9NASUKFIBRwHdMO1fttbYT4-5Q1lVytb9uAACk0f1D

#Oral_IR #Methods

10.1177/0022002706293665

February 5, 2020 4:25 AM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:47 PM (EDT)

0022-0027, 1552-8766

Journal of Conflict Resolution

Journal of Conflict Resolution

Echoes of Vietnam?

Echoes of Vietnam?: Casualty Framing and Public Perceptions of Success and Failure in Iraq

http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0022002706293665

#Oral_IR #Methods

10.1177/0022002709339047

February 5, 2020 4:55 AM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:47 PM (EDT)

0022-0027, 1552-8766

Journal of Conflict Resolution

Journal of Conflict Resolution

“Don’t Let Them Die in Vain”

“Don’t Let Them Die in Vain”: Casualty Frames and Public Tolerance for Escalating Commitment in Iraq

http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0022002709339047

#Oral_IR #Europe;

10.1111/1475-6765.00392

June 7, 2019 6:23 PM (EDT)

May 17, 2020 11:50 PM (EDT)

0304-4130, 1475-6765

European Journal of Political Research

European Journal of Political Research

The favourable factors for consociational democracy

The favourable factors for consociational democracy: A review

http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/1475-6765.00392

The authors show that economic development increases the probability that a country will undergo a transition to democracy. These results contradict the finding of Przeworski and his associates, that development causes democracy to last but not to come into existence in the first place. By dealing adequately with problems of sample selection and model specification, the authors discover that economic growth does cause nondemocracies to democratize. They show that the effect of economic development on the probability of a transition to democracy in the hundred years between the mid-nineteenth century and World War II was substantial, indeed, even stronger than its effect on democratic stability. They also show that, in more recent decades, some countries that developed but remained dictatorships would, because of their development, be expected to democratize in as few as three years after achieving a per capita income of $12,000 per capita.

#Oral_IR #Domestic_Politics

10.1353/wp.2003.0019

January 20, 2018 1:17 AM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:50 PM (EDT)

#Domestic_Politics

0043-8871, 1086-3338

World Politics

Endogenous Democratization

https://muse.jhu.edu/article/49855

#Oral_IR #IPE

February 19, 2020 12:37 AM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:49 PM (EDT)

Chicago Journal of International Law

Should We Take Global Governance Seriously Symposium

Should We Take Global Governance Seriously Symposium: AEI Conference Trends in Global Governance: Do They Threaten American Sovereignty

https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/cjil1&i=213

This contribution argues for extending the public administration turn in EU studies to the civilian Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP). First it delineates the research gap with regard to governance networks and sections of the Council Secretariat that fulfil executive and operational management responsibilities for civilian crisis management. Then it highlights the need to look at cognitive factors, such as bounded rationality and learning, in explaining organizational behaviour and change in civilian CSDP. Such a research agenda on the everyday working of the bureaucratic level in EU civilian crisis management would also allow more comparative analyses on administrative processes and reforms in international organizations in the context of multidimensional peace operations.

Civilian crisis management; Common Security and Defence Policy; Council Secretariat; learning; public administration

#Oral_IR #European_Union

10.1080/13501763.2010.505814

January 15, 2016 10:03 PM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:50 PM (EDT)

#European_Union

Journal of European public policy

The case for a public administration turn in the study of the EU's civilian crisis management

https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2010.505814

The French government's 2004 decision to ban Islamic headscarves and other religious signs from public schools puzzled many observers, both because it seemed to infringe needlessly on religious freedom, and because it was hailed by many in France as an answer to a surprisingly wide range of social ills, from violence against females in poor suburbs to anti-Semitism. Why the French Don't Like Headscarves explains why headscarves on schoolgirls caused such a furor, and why the furor yielded this law. Making sense of the dramatic debate from his perspective as an American anthropologist in France at the time, John Bowen writes about everyday life and public events while also presenting interviews with officials and intellectuals, and analyzing French television programs and other media. Bowen argues that the focus on headscarves came from a century-old sensitivity to the public presence of religion in schools, feared links between public expressions of Islamic identity and radical Islam, and a media-driven frenzy that built support for a headscarf ban during 2003-2004. Although the defense of laïcité (secularity) was cited as the law's major justification, politicians, intellectuals, and the media linked the scarves to more concrete social anxieties--about "communalism," political Islam, and violence toward women. Written in engaging, jargon-free prose, Why the French Don't Like Headscarves is the first comprehensive and objective analysis of this subject, in any language, and it speaks to tensions between assimilation and diversity that extend well beyond France's borders.

History / Europe / France; History / Modern / 20th Century; Social Science / Anthropology / Cultural & Social; Social Science / Islamic Studies

#Oral_IR #Europe;

January 31, 2020 4:53 AM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:50 PM (EDT)

978-1-4008-3756-4

Why the French Don't Like Headscarves: Islam, the State, and Public Space

Princeton University Press

Remembering Laïcité

The French government's 2004 decision to ban Islamic headscarves and other religious signs from public schools puzzled many observers, both because it seemed to infringe needlessly on religious freedom, and because it was hailed by many in France as an answer to a surprisingly wide range of social ills, from violence against females in poor suburbs to anti-Semitism. Why the French Don't Like Headscarves explains why headscarves on schoolgirls caused such a furor, and why the furor yielded this law. Making sense of the dramatic debate from his perspective as an American anthropologist in France at the time, John Bowen writes about everyday life and public events while also presenting interviews with officials and intellectuals, and analyzing French television programs and other media. Bowen argues that the focus on headscarves came from a century-old sensitivity to the public presence of religion in schools, feared links between public expressions of Islamic identity and radical Islam, and a media-driven frenzy that built support for a headscarf ban during 2003-2004. Although the defense of laïcité (secularity) was cited as the law's major justification, politicians, intellectuals, and the media linked the scarves to more concrete social anxieties--about "communalism," political Islam, and violence toward women. Written in engaging, jargon-free prose, Why the French Don't Like Headscarves is the first comprehensive and objective analysis of this subject, in any language, and it speaks to tensions between assimilation and diversity that extend well beyond France's borders.

History / Europe / France; History / Modern / 20th Century; Social Science / Anthropology / Cultural & Social; Social Science / Islamic Studies

#Oral_IR #Europe;

January 31, 2020 4:38 AM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:50 PM (EDT)

978-1-4008-3756-4

Why the French Don't Like Headscarves: Islam, the State, and Public Space

Princeton University Press

Regulating Islam

Bowman, Kirk; Lehoucq, Fabrice; Mahoney, James

#Oral_IR #Methods

10.1177/0010414005277083

January 25, 2020 11:03 PM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:47 PM (EDT)

0010-4140, 1552-3829

Comparative Political Studies

Comparative Political Studies

Measuring Political Democracy

Measuring Political Democracy: Case Expertise, Data Adequacy, and Central America

http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0010414005277083

The success of space-based systems worldwide, providing services to society and satisfying defence and security needs, has led to a situation where outer space is increasingly crowded. In addition, the rapid proliferation of space debris threatens the safe utilization of outer space on the most commonly used orbits. Beyond the mitigation of the orbital debris threat, additional measures will be needed to ensure the safety and security of activities in outer space for the long-term. This article describes the initiative to introduce a new agenda item in the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS), first presented to COPUOS delegations in 2007, which led to a formal decision in 2009. This in turn led to the establishment of a dedicated Working Group of the Scientific and Technical SubCommittee in 2010, with a work plan leading to a report and associated recommendations in 2014. Some references are made to other initiatives affecting space security, such as the RussiaeChina draft treaty (PPWT) tabled at the Conference on Disarmament and the EU-proposed Code of Conduct.

#Collective_Action

#Oral_IR #Collective_Action

10.1016/j.spacepol.2012.06.007

January 15, 2016 10:03 PM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:51 PM (EDT)

The origins of the “Long-term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities” initiative at UN COPUOS

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S026596461200063X

#Oral_IR #International_Organization

10.1017/S0272503700055488

January 15, 2016 10:03 PM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:48 PM (EDT)

#International_Organization

Journal Article

Proc. annu. meet.- Am. Soc. Int. Law

Proceedings of the Annual Meeting (American Society of International Law)

Rapidly Changing Functions and Slowly Evolving Structures

Rapidly Changing Functions and Slowly Evolving Structures: The Troubling Case of the IMF

http://www.jstor.org/stable/25659380

Brady, Henry E; Collier, David; Seawright, Jason

Methodology; Research; Social sciences

#Oral_IR #Methods

January 27, 2020 3:23 AM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:47 PM (EDT)

Brady, Henry E.; Collier, David

978-1-4422-0343-3 978-1-4422-0344-0

Rethinking social inquiry: diverse tools, shared standards

Rowman & Littlefield Publishers

Refocusing the Discussion of Methodology

This article provides an overview of causal thinking by characterizing four approaches to causal inference. It also describes the INUS model. It specifically presents a user-friendly synopsis of philosophical and statistical musings about causation. The four approaches to causality include neo-Humean regularity, counterfactual, manipulation and mechanisms, and capacities. A counterfactual is a statement, typically in the subjunctive mood, in which a false or ‘counter to fact’ premise is followed by some assertion about what would have happened if the premise were true. Three basic questions about causality are then addressed. Moreover, the article gives a review of four approaches of what causality might be. It pays attention on a counterfactual definition, mostly amounting to a recipe that is now widely used in statistics. It ends with a discussion of the limitations of the recipe and how far it goes toward solving the epistemological and ontological problems.

#Oral_IR #Methods

January 25, 2020 11:14 PM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:47 PM (EDT)

Box-Steffensmeier, Janet M.; Brady, Henry E.; Collier, David

Oxford University Press

Causation and Explanation in Social Science

http://oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199286546.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199286546-e-10

This volume of original essays brings the practical world of trade policy and of government and business strategy together with the world of academic trade theory. It focuses in particular on the impact of changes in the international trade environment and on how new developments and theory can guide our trade policy.Contents: New Thinking about Trade Policy, Paul Krugman (Sloan School of Management, MIT). Rationales for Strategic Trade and Industrial Policy, James A. Brander (University of British Columbia). Strategic Export Promotion: A Critique, Gene M. Grossman (Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University). Government Policy and the Dynamics of International Competition in High Technology, Michael Borrus, Laura d'Andrea Tyson, and John Zysman (all at the University of California, Berkeley). What Should Trade Policy Target? Barbara Spencer (University of British Columbia). Credit Policy and International Competition, Jonathan Eaton (University of Virginia). Industrial Policy: An Overview, Geoffrey Carliner (National Bureau of Economic Research). Japan's Industrial Strategy, Kozo Yamamura (University of Washington). U.S. Trade and Industrial Policy, William R. Cline (Institute for International Economics). Strategic Behavior and Trade Policy, Alvin K. Klevorick (Yale University) and William Branson (Princeton University). The New Political Economy of Trade Policy, J. David Richardson, (University of Wisconsin). Trade Policy: An Agenda for Research, Avinash K. Dixit (Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University).Paul Krugman is Professor of Economics at MIT. A former member of the staff of the Council of Economic Advisers, Krugman is also coauthor, with Elhanan Helpman, of Market Structure and Foreign Trade (MIT Press 1985).

Business & Economics / Economics / General

#Oral_IR #IPE

February 19, 2020 2:49 AM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:49 PM (EDT)

Krugman, Paul R.

978-0-262-61045-2

Strategic Trade Policy and the New International Economics

Rationales for Strategic Trade and Industrial Policy

Looking beyond the headlines to address the enduring grand strategic questions facing the United States todayAmerican foreign policy is in a state of upheaval. The rise of Donald Trump and his "America First" platform have created more uncertainty about America's role in the world than at any time in recent decades. From the South China Sea, to the Middle East, to the Baltics and Eastern Europe, the geopolitical challenges to U.S. power and influence seem increasingly severe-and America's responses to those challenges seem increasingly unsure. Questions that once had widely accepted answers are now up for debate. What role should the United States play in the world? Can, and should, America continue to pursue an engaged an assertive strategy in global affairs?In this book, a leading scholar of grand strategy helps to make sense of the headlines and the upheaval by providing sharp yet nuanced assessments of the most critical issues in American grand strategy today. Hal Brands asks, and answers, such questions as: Has America really blundered aimlessly in the world since the end of the Cold War, or has its grand strategy actually been mostly sensible and effective? Is America in terminal decline, or can it maintain its edge in a harsher and more competitive environment? Did the Obama administration pursue a policy of disastrous retrenchment, or did it execute a shrewd grand strategy focused on maximizing U.S. power for the long term? Does Donald Trump's presidency mean that American internationalism is dead? What type of grand strategy might America pursue in the age of Trump and after? What would happen if the United States radically pulled back from the world, as many leading academics-and, at certain moments, the current president-have advocated? How much military power does America need in the current international environment?Grappling with these kinds of issues is essential to understanding the state of America's foreign relations today and what path the country might take in the years ahead. At a time when American grand strategy often seems consumed by crisis, this collection of essays provides an invaluable guide to thinking about both the recent past and the future of America's role in the world.

2017-; 21st century; Diplomatic relations; Foreign relations; Military policy; National security; Obama, Barack; Since 2000; Trump, Donald; United States

#Oral_IR #IR_Theory

January 7, 2020 11:27 PM (EST)

May 17, 2020 11:52 PM (EDT)

978-0-8157-3278-5 978-0-8157-3279-2

Washington, D.C

Brookings Institution Press

American grand strategy in the age of Trump

http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7864/j.ctt1vjqnvw