| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | |
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1 | # | Generic Name | Brand Name | Therapeutic Category | FDA Approved Indication | BBW/Contraindications /Warning/Precautions | Clinical Pearls/ Key Counseling Points | |||||||||||||||||||
2 | 1 | Acetaminophen | Tylenol, Ofirmev (injection) | Analgesic, antipyretic | Mild to moderate pain | Severe hepatotoxicity (can require liver transplant or result in death), associated with doses >4 grams/day or use of multiple acetaminophen-containing products | Maximum <4 grms/day from all sources combined Do NOT refrigerate Ofirmev (IV acetaminophen) First-line for mild-to-moderate pain in pregnancy MAX: 3250 mg/24 hours (of all acetaminophen combined) (most sources simplify it to 4 g/day | |||||||||||||||||||
3 | 2 | Acetaminophen / codeine | Tylenol #2, #3, #4 | Opioid analgesic, CS III | Mild to moderate pain | Contraindications: Children <12 years, significant respiratory depression, acute/severe bronchial asthma in an unmonitored setting, use of MAOIs within last 14 days, severe hepatic/renal impairment | Limit the use of these products to adults 18 years and older Life-threatening respiratory depression in ultra-rapid metabolizers (UM) of codeine | |||||||||||||||||||
4 | 3 | Acetylcysteine | Acedote, Mucomyst, Mason Natural NAC | Antidote | Acetaminophen toxicity/overdose | Used with caution in patients with asthma or with history of bronchospasm | For acetaminophen toxicity; must be identified early and the antidote, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), given quickly | |||||||||||||||||||
5 | 4 | Acyclovir | Zovirax | Antiviral, antiherpes virus agent | Herpes zoster (shingles) treatment; management of recurrent episodes of genital herpes | Caution in patients with renal impairment, the elderly, receiving nephrotoxic agents. Maintain adequate hydration | Acyclovir dose is based on IBW; even in obese patients. Transient buring or stinging with topical formulation Do not refrigerate | |||||||||||||||||||
6 | 5 | Adapalene | Differin | Retinoid | Treatment of Acne vulgaris in patient ≥12 years | Cautions: Avoid eyes, lips, and mucous membranes. For external use only. Minimize UV light exposure | Limit sun exposure. Apply daily, usually at bedtime, about 20 minutes after washing face. Takes 4 -12 weeks to see response; may worsen acne initially | |||||||||||||||||||
7 | 6 | Adalimumab | Humira | Monoclonal antibody, antirheumatic | Treatment of autoimmune diseases (i.e., RA, psoriasis, AS, CD, UC, UV) | BBW: serious infections, including TB, fungal, viral, bacterial or opportunistic; screen for latent TB (and treat if needed) prior to therapy. Lymphomas and other malignancies | TB test (prior to initiation and annually if risk factors are present). Monitor signs of infection, CBC, LFTs, HBV, symptoms of heart failure, malignancies | |||||||||||||||||||
8 | 7 | Albumin | Albutein, AlbuRx, Albumin X%, Plasmuin-25 | Plasma expander | Hypovolemia with or without shock; Hypoalbuminemia; prevention of volume depletion fowllowing paracentesis due to Cirrhotic Ascites | Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to commercially available albumin products, severe anemia, heart failure | Use for hypovolemia or patients who are intravascularly depleted | |||||||||||||||||||
9 | 8 | Albuterol | ProAir HFA, Proventil HFA, Ventolin HFA | Beta-2 Agonist | Asthma | Caution in CVD, glaucoma, hyperthyroidism, seizures, diabetes | Monitor number of days of SABA use, symptom frequency, peak flow, pulmonary function tests, BP, HR, blood glucose, K | |||||||||||||||||||
10 | 9 | Albuterol/Ipratropium | Combivent Respimat or Combivent | Beta-2 Agonist/ anticholinergic | COPD | Caution in patients with narrow-angle glaucoma, myasthenia gravis, urinary retention, BPH and bladder neck obstruction | S/sx at each visit, smoking status, COPD questionnaires, annual spirometry | |||||||||||||||||||
11 | 10 | Alendronate | Fosamax | Bisphosphonate | Treatment and prevetion of osteoporosis | Contraindications: inability to stand or sit upright for at least 30 minutes, abnormalities of the esophagus; difficulty swallowing or at high risk for aspiration; hypocalcemia | Check calcium and vitamin D levels prior to initiating treatment, take oral bisphosphonates at least 30 minutes from food and most beverages | |||||||||||||||||||
12 | 11 | Allopurinol | Zyloprim, Aloprim | Antigout, xanthine oxidase inhibitor | Hyperurecemia or gout | Hypersensitivity reactions, including severe rash (SJS/TEN); HLA-B*5801 testing prior to use (especially for Asian), hepatotoxicity, bone marrow suppression | Monitor CBC, LFTs, renal function Take after a meal (with food in stomach) to ↓nausea | |||||||||||||||||||
13 | 12 | Alprazolam | Xanax | Antianxiety, benzodiazepine | Gneralized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Panic Disorder (PD) | BBW: Use with opioids can result in sedation, respiratory depression, coma and death | C-IV, fast onset, often abused due to quick action | |||||||||||||||||||
14 | 13 | Alvimopan | Entereg | Opioid antagonist | Gastrointestinal recovery following surgeries that include partial bowel resection with primary anastomosis | BBW: Potential risk of MI with long-term use Contraindications: Patients who have taken therapeutic doses of opioids for> 7 consecutive days prior to use | Only for hospitalized patients and is given prior to surgery to reduce the risk of ileus that can occur post-op | |||||||||||||||||||
15 | 14 | Amiodarone | Pacerone, Cordorone, Nexterone | Antiarrhythmic | Recurrent ventricular fibrillation and recurrent hemodynamically unstable tachycardia | BBW: pulmonary toxicity and hepatotoxicity. Use only for life-threatening arrhythmias due to toxicities; CI in patients with iodine allergy since the drug molecule contains two iodine, hence, causing hypo-/hyperthyroidism | Proarrhythmic; patients should be hospitalized when loading dose is given; Monitoring: ECG, BP, HR, electrolytes and pulmonary function test: baseline + annually thereafter LFTs: baseline and every 6 months Thyroid fuction test: baseline and 3-6 moths Ophalmologic examinations: within the first 12 months; | |||||||||||||||||||
16 | 15 | Amoxicillin / clarithromycin / lansoprazole | Prevpac | Antibiotic/proton-pump inhibitor | H. pylori infection | Contraindications: PCN allergy, QT prolongation, Concomitant use of statins, coadministration of colchicine with renal or hepatic impairment | Use only if local resistance rates to clarithromycin are low (< 15%) and the patient has had no previous exposure to a macrolide | |||||||||||||||||||
17 | 16 | Amitriptyline | Elavil | Tricyclic antidepressant | Major depressive disorder (MDD) | Contraindications: Concurrent use with MAO inhibitors, linezolid, IV methylene blue; myocardial infarction | ↑ fall risk - especially in elderly due to combination of orthostasis and sedation | |||||||||||||||||||
18 | 17 | Amlodipine | Norvasc | Calcium channel blocker | Hypertension (HTN), Angina | Hypotension; worsening angina or Ml; severe hepatic impairment; use caution in heart failure | Monotor BP, HR, peripheral edema, start slow and titrate slowly | |||||||||||||||||||
19 | 18 | Amoxicillin | Moxatag | Penicillin antibiotic | Acute otitis media, sinusitis, SSTI | Contraindications: hypersensitivity to penicillins, cephalosporins, imipenem | Monitor renal function, symptoms of anaphylaxis with 1st dose, CBC and LFTs with prolonged courses | |||||||||||||||||||
20 | 19 | Amoxicillin /clavulanate | Augmentin | Penicillin antibiotic | Lower respiratory tract infection, acute otitis media, sinusitis, SSTI, UTI | Severe renal impairment: do not use extended-release oral forms of amoxicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanate | Monitor renal function, symptoms of anaphylaxis with 1st dose, CBC and LFTs with prolonged courses | |||||||||||||||||||
21 | 20 | Amphetamine /Dextroamphetamine | Adderall | Central Neurology stimulant | ADHD | BBW: Misuse can cause sudden death and serious CV events | C-II, should not be used in patients with heart problems or serious psychiatric conditions | |||||||||||||||||||
22 | 21 | Anastrozole | Arimidex | Aromatase inhibitor | Adjuvant treatment for breast cancer | Higher risk of osteoporosis; Higher risk of CVD compared to SERMs | Hazardous agent: use appropriate precautions for receiving, handling, storage, preparation, dispensing, administration, and disposal | |||||||||||||||||||
23 | 22 | Andexanet alfa | Andexxa | Antidote | Reversal of anticoagulation in patients taking rivaroxaban and apixaban | BBW: Thromboembolic risks, ischemic events, cardiac arrest, sudden death | Reversal agent for rivaroxaban and apixaban | |||||||||||||||||||
24 | 23 | Apixaban | Eliquis | Factor Xa inhibitor anticoagulant | Prevention of stroke/VTE in patients with nonvalvular Afib; prophylaxis of VTE (DVT/PE) for patients undergoing hip/knee replacement surgery | BBW: neuraxial anesthesia (epidural, spinal) or spinal puncture are at risk of hematomas and subsequent paralysis Warning: Not recommended with prosthetic heart valves | Different dosing used for different conditions; Nonvalvular AFib (stroke prophylaxis) 5 mg BID unless patient has at least 2 of the following: age > 80 years, body weight < 60 kg, or SCr > 1 .5 mg/dL, then give 2.5 mg BID | |||||||||||||||||||
25 | 24 | Aprepitant | Emend | NK1R antagonist antiemetic | Chemotherapy induced nausea and vomitting (CINV) | Hypersensitivity | For chemotherapy induced nausea/vomitting Many DDI | |||||||||||||||||||
26 | 25 | Aripiprazole | Ability | Second generation antipsychotic | Schizophrenia, Bipolar, major depressive disorder, Tourette’s disorder | BBW: Elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs are at increase risk of death Increased risk of cerebrovascular events | Lower risk of metabolic side effect Comes in long acting inejction: abilify maintena, which can be given every four weeks. | |||||||||||||||||||
27 | 26 | Atenolol | Tenormin | Beta Blocker | Hypertension (HTN), angina, myocardial infarction (MI) | BBW: Do not discontinue abruptly Caution in patients with diabetes (can worsen hyper/hypoglycemia and mask hypoglycemic symptoms | Take w/ food. Avoid operating cars/ machines until you are used to the drug. Titrate q2wks and avoid abrupt withdrawal- 2-days dosage tapering. | |||||||||||||||||||
28 | 27 | Atenolol/chlorthalidone | Tenoretic | Beta blocker/thiazide diuretic | HTN | Refer to atenolol and chlorthalidone section | Refer to atenolol and chlorthalidone section | |||||||||||||||||||
29 | 28 | Atomoxetine | Strattera | Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor | ADHD | BBW: risk of suicidal ideation; monitor for suicidal thinking or behavior, worsening mood, or unusual behavior CI: MAO inhibitor use within the past 14 days | Secondline agents after stimulant medications have failed, or when abuse potential Provide Medication Guide Do not open the capsule | |||||||||||||||||||
30 | 29 | Atorvastatin | Lipitor | HMG CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) | Hyperlipidemia | CI: Active liver disease, pregnancy, breastfeeding, use of strong CYP3A4 inhibitors Warning: Skeletal muscle effects, hepatotoxicity | CYP3A4 substrates, monitor LFTs at baseline, lipid panel at baseline | |||||||||||||||||||
31 | 30 | Azelastine | Astepro | Second generation antihistamine | Seasonal allergic rhinitis | May cause CNS depression, which may impair physical or mental abilities | Second generation antihistamine Helps with nasal congestion; can be combined with intranasal steroid | |||||||||||||||||||
32 | 31 | Azithromycin | Zithromax, Zpak, AzaSite (eyedrop) | Macrolide antibiotic | Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) | Warning: QT prolongatoin, hepatotoxicity | Common dosing: 2 tablets on day 1, followed by 1 tablet daily on days 2 to 5; The suspension should be stored at room temperature and not be refrigerated. Used for treatment against atypical bacteria | |||||||||||||||||||
33 | 32 | Bacitracin / neomycin / polymyxin B / hydrocortisone | Cortisporin | Topical mixed-antibiotic/antiinflammatory | Superficial bacterial infections | Allergic reaction to individual agents Depends on epidermal integrity (intact vs abraded skin), formulation, age of the patient, prolonged duration of use, and the use of occlusive dressings | Rx topical used for superficial skin infections | |||||||||||||||||||
34 | 33 | Baclofen | Lioresal | Centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant | Muscle spasm | BBW: Abrupt withdrawal of intrathecal baclofen has resulted in severe effects (high fever, muscle rigidity, etc.) | Do not overdose in elderly (e.g., start low, titrate carefully), watch for additive side effects | |||||||||||||||||||
35 | 34 | Beclomethasone | QVAR Redihaler | Inhaled corticosteroid | Asthma | Warning: High doses for prolonged periods of time can cause adrenal suppression, increase risk of fractures, growth retardation, and immunosuppression | Rinse mouth after each use; Used as-needed in combination with formoterol and individually or in combination for maintenance | |||||||||||||||||||
36 | 35 | Benazepril | Lotensin | Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor | HTN | BBW: Can cause injury and death to the developing fetus when used in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters CI: history of angioedema; within 36 hours of using ARNI Warning: Angioedema, hyperkalemia, hypotension, renal impiarment, bilateral renal artery stenosis | Monitor BP, K, renal function, s/sx of angioedema | |||||||||||||||||||
37 | 36 | Benzonatate | Tessalon Perles | Antitussive | Symptomatic relief of cough | Warning: Do not use in children < 10 years of age; accidental ingestion and fatal overdose has been reported | Should not be crushed or altered | |||||||||||||||||||
38 | 37 | Benztropine | Cogentin | Antiparkinson anticholinergic | Parkinson's Disease (PD); management of extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) from antipsychotics | Precaution: elderly | On Beer's list; used for drug-induced extrapyramidal symptoms (eg, dystonia, parkinsonism) and parkinson disease (for tremors) | |||||||||||||||||||
39 | 38 | Betamethasone dipropionate | Diprolene Cream AF | Corticosteroid | Topical therapy for dermatitis | Discontinue if skin irritation or contact dermatitis occurs | High potency topical corticosteroids | |||||||||||||||||||
40 | 39 | Betamethasone / clotrimazole | Lotrisone | Corticosteoid/antifungal | Topical therapy for tinea pedis, tinea cruris, and tinea corporis | See individual agent | See individual agent | |||||||||||||||||||
41 | 40 | Bevacizumab | Avastin | Monoclonal antibody | Different types of cancer | BBW: severe/fatal bleeding, Gl perforation, surgical wound dehiscence (splitting open) | Impairs wound healing: do not administer for 28 days before or after surgery | |||||||||||||||||||
42 | 41 | Bimatoprost | Lumigan, Latisse | Prostaglandin analog | Elevated intraocular pressure in patients with open angle glaucoma; Treatment of eyelash growth | Hypersensitivity; rupture oculur lens | Remove contact lenses before administration and wait 15 minutes before reinserting. Administer concomitant ophthalmic drugs at least 5 minutes apart. Advise permanent iris pigmentation may occur. Wipe off excess drug to avoid running onto cheek and other skin surfaces. | |||||||||||||||||||
43 | 42 | Bismuth / metronidazole / tetracycline | Pylera | H. pylori agent | Quadruple therapy for H. pylori infection | Hypersensitivity; alcohol use | Warn patient that treatment may cause temporary and benign darkening of the tongue and/or black stools which is generally reversible within several days after the last dose. Counsel patient to use an effective non-hormonal contraceptive as therapy may decrease effectiveness of oral contraceptives. Advise patient to use sunscreen, wear protective clothing, and avoid tanning beds due to potential for photosensitivity. | |||||||||||||||||||
44 | 43 | Bleomycin | Blenoxane | Antineoplastic antibiotic | Lymphomas; Testicular Carcinoma; Malignant Pleural Effusion | Pulmonary fibrosis, pneumonitis; hypersensitivity | Total doses greater than 400 units should be given with great caution, as pulmonary toxicity appears to be dose-related | |||||||||||||||||||
45 | 44 | Brompheniramine / pseudoephedrine / dextromethorphan | Bromfed DM | Antihistamine/decongestants/cough suppressant | OTC could and cold | MAOIs; hypersensitivity | Monitor blood pressure | |||||||||||||||||||
46 | 45 | Budesonide | Pulmicort, Pulmicort Flexhaler, Pulmicort Respules | Inhaled corticosteroid | Asthma | Hypersensitivity to milk proteins | Prime inhaler prior to use. Rinse mouth with water and spit. Not for acute asthma attack | |||||||||||||||||||
47 | 46 | Buprenorphine | Belbuca, Butrans (patch) | Opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic | Management of opioid dependence/addiction | Exposure to risk of opioid addiction, abuse, misuse; respiratory depression; acute bronchial asthma | Opioid Analgesic REMS (SQ NOT FOR IV USE) | |||||||||||||||||||
48 | 47 | Buprenorphine / naloxone | Suboxone, Zubslov (SL tab) | Opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic | Management of opioid dependence/addiction | Hypersensitivity | Negative urine drug screening results indicate efficacy; at least weekly for the first month and once-monthly thereafter for patients on a stable regimen. Counsel patient to report symptoms of hepatitis or respiratory depression | |||||||||||||||||||
49 | 48 | Bupropion | Wellbutrin SR, Wellbutrin XL | Antidepressant | Major depressive disorder (MDD); seasonal affective disorder (SAD) | Suicidality; increase risk of seizures, MAOIs | Avoid activities that require mental alertness or coordination | |||||||||||||||||||
50 | 49 | Buspirone | Buspar | Antianxiety agent | Anxiety disorder | Concomitant use with alcohol, MAOIs | Avoid activities that require mental alertness or coordination | |||||||||||||||||||
51 | 50 | Busulfan | Busulfex, Myleran | Alkylatic agent | Chronic myeloid leukemia | Severe, prolonged myelosuppression; Hypersensitivity | Warn to prevent pregnancy, including sexual partner; report symptoms of hepatotoxicity | |||||||||||||||||||
52 | 51 | Butoconazole | Gynazole-1 | Imidazole antifungal | Candidal vulvovaginitis | Hypersensitivity reactions | Monitor itching, soreness, and swelling. Counsel patient that product may damage condoms or diaphragms. Abstinence until infection resolves is preferable, but otherwise patient should use other means of birth control while using this medication. | |||||||||||||||||||
53 | 52 | Calcitonin | Miacalcin | Calcitonin class | Hypercalcemia; Paget's disease; Postmenopausal osteoporosis | Hypersensitivity reactions | Monitor serum calcium. Maintain adequate calcium and vitamin D intake. Discard nasal bottle after 30 doses. | |||||||||||||||||||
54 | 53 | Calcitriol | Rocaltrol | Vitamin D analog | Hypocalcemia secondary to hypoparathyroidism, dialysis; Plaque psoriasis; secondary hyperparathyroidism | Hypercalcemia, hypersensitivity | Monitor serum calcium twice weekly | |||||||||||||||||||
55 | 54 | Canagliflozin | Invokana | Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor | Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) | BBW: Lower limb amputation; CI: Severe renal impairment Serious hypersensitivity (eg, anaphylaxis, angioedema) to canagliflozin | Take before the first meal of the day to help reduce post meal hyperglycemia. Be aware of symptoms of foot ulcers, pain or tenderness or dehydration (dizzy, low BP, decreased urination), and vaginal infections and report to HCP. | |||||||||||||||||||
56 | 55 | Capecitabine | Xeloda | Pyrimidine analog | Metastatic breast cancer; colorectal cancer | BBW: increase risk of bleeding in patient taking warfarin; CI: hypersensitivity and severe renal impairment | Report significant diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, or dehydration. Report symptoms of anemia, neutropenia, or thrombocytopenia. Avoid pregnancy and for 6 months after discontinuation. | |||||||||||||||||||
57 | 56 | Carbidopa/levodopa | Sinemet | Antiparkinsonian, decarboxylase inhibitor | Parkinson's disease | CI: Hypersensitivity to carbidopa or levodopa, narrow-angle glaucoma, concurrent MAOI or linezolid | Reduction of extrapyramidal movements, rigidity, tremor, gait disturbances may indicate efficacy. Advise patient that wearing-off effect may occur at the end of a dosing interval. A combination product of carbidopa, levodopa, and entacapone (Stalevo) is also available. Suspension formulation (Duopa) available for continuous delivery via pump directly into jejunal tube. | |||||||||||||||||||
58 | 57 | Carboplatin | Paraplatin, CARBOplatin Novaplus | Platinum analog | Ovarian cancer | BBW: Bone marrow suppression, anemia | Monitor CBC. Avoid LIVE vaccines during therapy. | |||||||||||||||||||
59 | 58 | Carisoprodol | Soma | Skeletal muscle relaxant | Relief of discomfort associated with acute, painful musculoskeletal conditions | Hypersensitivity to carisoprodol | Use caution or avoid use as potentially inappropriate in older adults | |||||||||||||||||||
60 | 59 | Carmustine | BiCNU, Gliadel | Nitrosourea | Glioblastoma multiforme of brain; Multiple myeloma; Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma | Bone marrow suppression - Thrombocytopenia, leukopenia | CBC: Weekly for a minimum of 6 weeks following each dose, include a differential | |||||||||||||||||||
61 | 60 | Carvedilol | Coreg | Beta blocker | Heart failure (HF); HTN | Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, bronchial asthma, severe sinus bradycardia, 2nd- or 3rd-degree AV block, sick sinus syndrome, overt heart failure, cardiogenic shock, severe hepatic impairment | Take carvedilol with food or milk. Monitor blood pressure, heart rate, renal function, Report signs/symptoms of adverse cardiovascular effects such as hypotension (especially in elderly patients), arrhythmias, syncope, palpitations, angina, or edema. | |||||||||||||||||||
62 | 61 | Caspofungin | Cancidas | Echinocandin antifungal | Invassive aspergillosis infection; Candidemia; Febrile neutropenia, Empiric antifungal therapy | Hypersensitivity to caspofungin | Can cause abnormalities in liver enzymes. Monitor LFTs especially during concomitant use with Cyclosporine. IV formulation not compitable in dextrose | |||||||||||||||||||
63 | 62 | Cefdinir | Omnicef | Cephalosporin antibiotic | Acute otitis media; Bronchitis; Community acquired pneumonia; Pharyngitis; Sinusitis | Hypersensitivity to cephalosporin; caution use in patientss with penicillin allergy | Complete full course of therapy. For the suspension, shake well and can be stored at room temperature. Reconsitituted solution should be discarded after 10 days | |||||||||||||||||||
64 | 63 | Cefuroxime | Ceftin | Cephalosporin antibiotic | Gonorrhea; Lower respiratory tract infection; Meningitis; Urinary tract infection | Hypersensitivity to cephalosporin; caution use in patientss with penicillin allergy | Complete full course of therapy. For the suspension, shake well and can be stored at room temperature. Reconsitituted solution should be discarded after 10 days | |||||||||||||||||||
65 | 64 | Celecoxib | Celebrex | Selective COX-2 inhibitor | Ankylosing spondylitis; Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis; Osteoarthritis; Rheumatoid arthritis | BBW: GI toxicity, cardiotoxicity, CABG CI: Asthma, urticaria, or allergic-type reaction following aspirin or other NSAID administration; CABG surgery, treatment of perioperative pain, hypersensitivity to sulfonamides | May take with food or milk to decrease GI upset. May open capsule and pour into a teaspoon of applesauce. Elderly patients are at increased risk of GI ulceration. Celecoxib has less risk of GI effects than other NSAIDs, but increased cardiovascular toxicity. Use the lowest dose for the shortest period of time to avoid adverse effects. | |||||||||||||||||||
66 | 65 | Cephalexin | Keflex | Cephalosporin antibiotic | Impetigo; Skin and soft tissue infection; Osteomyelitis; Otitis media; Respiratory tract infection; Urinary tract infectious disease; Streptococcal pharyngitis | Hypersensitivity to cephalosporin; caution use in patientss with penicillin allergy | Complete full course of therapy. For the suspension, shake well and can be stored at room temperature. Reconsitituted solution should be discarded after 10 days | |||||||||||||||||||
67 | 66 | Certolizumab pegol | Cimzia | Monoclonal antibody, TNF inhibitor | Ankylosing spondylitis; Moderate to severe Crohn's disease; moderate to severe plaque psoriasis; moderate to severe RA | Serious infections, some fatal, including TB, fungal, viral, bacterial or opportunistic; screen for latent TB (and treat if needed) prior to therapy CONTRAINDICATIONS: Active systemic infection, doses > 5 mg/kg in moderate-severe heart failure (infliximab), sepsis (etanercept | Can cause demyelinating disease, hepatitis B reactivation, heart failure, hepatotoxicity, lupus-like syndrome, seizures, myelosuppression and severe infections. Do not use it with LIVE vaccine | |||||||||||||||||||
68 | 67 | Cetirizine | Zyrtec | Second generation antihistamine | Seasonal allergy; itching; urticaria | Hypersensitivity to cetirizine or hydroxyzine | Patients should avoid activities requiring mental alertness or coordination until drug effects are known, as drug may cause dizziness or sedative effects. Product is available in several nonprescription dosage forms. Ophthalmic formulation (Zerviate) available by prescription | |||||||||||||||||||
69 | 68 | Cetuximab | Erbitux | Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor | KRAS wild-type, EGFR-expressing metastatic colorectal cancer; Squamous cell carcinoma | BBW: cardiopulmonary arrest or death; fatal infusion related reactions | Advise patients on cardiopulmonary arrest and severe infusion related reactions. | |||||||||||||||||||
70 | 69 | Chlorpheniramine / hydrocodone | TussiCaps | Antitussive combinations | Cough, associated with allergies or a common cold | CI: known allergy or sensitivity to hydrocodone or chlorpheniramine. Caution is advised in patients with narrow-angle glaucoma, asthma, or prostatic hypertrophy. | Controlled substance II | |||||||||||||||||||
71 | 70 | Chlorhexidine | Peridex, Periogard | Antibacterial cleansing agent | Periodontitis; Gingivitis | Hypersensitivity to chlorhexidine | May cause tooth discoloration and skin irritation. For oral rinse, measure out 1/2 fluid ounce (15 mL) as marked in the cap that comes with the bottle, swish the solution in mouth for at least 30 s; do not swallow | |||||||||||||||||||
72 | 71 | Chlorthalidone | Thalitone | Thiazide diuretic | Edema; HTN | CI: Hypersensitivity to chlorthalidone or sulfonamides; anuria | Monitor serum electrolytes (particularly sodium), uric acid, and renal and hepatic function at baseline and periodically. | |||||||||||||||||||
73 | 72 | Cholecalciferol, Vit D3 | n/a | Vitamin D analog | Vitamin D deficiency | n/a | Comes as combination with alendronate: Fosamax plus D | |||||||||||||||||||
74 | 73 | Cinacalcet | Sensipar | Calcimimetic | Primary & Secondary hyperparathyroidism; Hypercalcemia | CI: hypocalcemia; Caution use in patients with a history of seizures | Can cause hypocalcemia; monitor Ca, PO4 and PTH | |||||||||||||||||||
75 | 74 | Ciprofloxacin | Cipro | Fluoroquinolone antibiotic | Acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis; Bacterial prostatitis; Bacterial sinusitis; Urinary tract infection; Hospital acquired pneumonia; plague | CI: Hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin or other quinolones | Not approved in children <18 y of age except for anthrax and complicated UTIs. Also available in injectable, otic, and ophthalmic formulations. Take ciprofloxacin at least 2 h before or 6 h after antacids, sucralfate, or mineral supplements and multivitamins with calcium, iron, or zinc. If using the suspension, shake well before use; suspension may be stored at room temperature. | |||||||||||||||||||
76 | 75 | Ciprofloxacin / dexamethasone | Ciprodex (otic) | Antibiotic corticosteroid combination | Acute otitis media | same as above | Warm solution by holding container in hands for at least 1 min before administering. Patient should lie with affected ear upward; position should be maintained for at least 1 min after instillation; repeat in the opposite ear if necessary. Available in otic formulation in combination with hydrocortisone (Cipro HC). | |||||||||||||||||||
77 | 76 | Cisatracurium | Nimbex | Nondepolarizing Neuromuscular blocker | Induction of neuromuscular blockade | Has been associated with residual paralysis; risk of seizure | Short half-life | |||||||||||||||||||
78 | 77 | Citalopram | Celexa | Selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant | Major depressive disorder (MDD) | BBW: Suicidal ideation; not approved for use in children; CI: concomitant use of pimozide, MAOIs | Avoid activities requiring mental alertness or coordination until drug effects are realized. Symptomatic improvement may not be seen for several weeks. Report worsening depression, suicidal ideation, unusual changes in behavior, or unusual bleeding. Avoid abrupt discontinuation, may precipitate withdrawal symptoms. Do not drink alcohol or use NSAIDs or aspirin while taking this drug. Due to risk of QTc prolongation, doses >40 mg/d should be avoided. For patients >60 y of age, the maximum recommended dose is 20 mg/d due to the risk of QTc prolongation. | |||||||||||||||||||
79 | 78 | Cisplatin | Platinol | Platinum analog | Bladder cancer; Metastatic malignant tumor of testis; Metastatic ovarian tumor | Anaphylactic-like reactions - risk increases with repeated exposure; caution when > 6 cycles of carboplatin are used | Known to cause oto- and nephrotoxicity. Amifostine (Ethyol) can be given prophylactically to prevent nephrotoxicity. Has high ematogenic potential. Doses > 100 mg/m2/cycle must be confirmed with prescriber | |||||||||||||||||||
80 | 79 | Clarithromycin | Biaxin | Macrolide antibiotic | Bronchitis; Acute otitis media; CAP; Maxillary sinusitis; H. pylori; Streptococcal pharyngitis | CI: Hypersensitivity to any macrolide; concomitant colchicine, cisapride, pimozide, astemizole, terfenadine, ergotamine, dihydroergotamine, or HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors metabolized by CYP3A4/5, history of cholestatic jaundice/hepatic dysfunction with use of clarithromycin, colchicine in renal or hepatic impairment | Use with caution in severe renal, hepatic, or cardiac disease. Extended-release and immediate-release formulations are not interchangeable. Multiple drug interactions. Max dose in children, 1 g/d. | |||||||||||||||||||
81 | 80 | Clobetasol | Clobex, Temovate | Corticosteroid | Mild to moderate plaque psoriasis | CI: Primary scalp infection; Precautions: avoid application to areas not designated for, may have local reactions, overuse may lead to systemic absorption, avoid fire or heated source when applying | Apply as directed with avoiding face, scalp, groin, axillae. Discontinue if signs of systemic issues such as Cushing syndrome | |||||||||||||||||||
82 | 81 | Clonazepam | Klonopin | Benzodiazepine | Seizure disorder; panic disorder | BBW: Risk of misuse with opioids and CNS depressants and risk of dependence; Contraindicated in acute narrow angle glaucoma, significant liver disease | Avoid alcohol use, do not abruptly stop due to risk fo withdrawal, monitor for previous seizure disorders, worsening of psych, and respiratory depression; Controlled Substance Schedule IV | |||||||||||||||||||
83 | 82 | Clonidine | Catapres | Centrally acting alpha-2 agonist | ADHD; resistant HTN | BBW for epidural solution: dilute prior to use due to risk of hemodynamic instability; Avoid use as primary antihypertensive agent | Comes in oral and transdermal patch dosage form; Patient should avoid activities requiring mental alertness when starting. Avoid alcohol and do not discontinue abruptly due to rebound hypertension | |||||||||||||||||||
84 | 83 | Codeine / Promethazine | Phenergan | Antitussive, opioid | Cough, Associated with allergies or a common cold | BBW: Should not be used in patients less than 2 years old due to extreme risk of respiratory depression; Precautions: avoid in older adults due to anticholinergic effects, use in caution with those who have cardiac/hepatic/seizure disease, monitor for respiratory depression | Codeine is a considered a controlled V substance due to presence of promethazine, however is a CII when prescribed alone Avoid activities that require mental alertness when starting, caution with other medications that affect CNS or affect serotonin system | |||||||||||||||||||
85 | 84 | Colchicine | Colcrys | Antigout | High uric acid levels | Hypersensitivity to colchicine; concurrent use with strong CYP3A4/5 inhibitors in patients with renal or hepatic failure | Instruct patient on appropriate dosing strategy for gout flares (dosing to symptom relief or onset of adverse effects, particularly diarrhea) | |||||||||||||||||||
86 | 85 | Cyclobenzaprine | Flexeril | Skeletal muscle relaxant | Skeletal muscle spasm | CI: acute recovery from myocardial infarction, arrythmias, previous use of MAOI in last 14 days; Avoid use in elderly if possible due to anticholinergic effects, caution with other CNS depressant drugs such as BZDs, alcohol, methadone, and buprenorphine, monitor cardiac conditions and worsening of arrythmias | Patients should avoid activities requiring mental alertness or coordination until drug effects are known, as drug may cause dizziness or sedative effects. Take extended-release capsule same time each day. | |||||||||||||||||||
87 | 86 | Cyclosporine | Neoral, Gengraf, Sandimmune, Restasis (ophthalmic) | Calcineurin inhibitor | Solid organ transplant rejection | BBW: Only have physicians experienced in immunosuppressive therapy in charge; CI: active oculat infection | Cyclosprine ophthalmic comes in single-use packages. Remove contact lenses before using this medicine. Wait at least 15 min before inserting contact lenses after use. May be used with artificial tears as long as there is 15-min interval in between. Oral and injectable formulations available for transplant rejection prevention. | |||||||||||||||||||
88 | 87 | Darbepoetin | Aranesp | Erythropoiesis stimulating agent | Anemia of chornic disease or inflammation | BBW: Increased CV, stroke, mortality risk; cancer recurrence Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to darbepoetin, uncontrolled HTN | In cancer patients, cannot be used if the goal is to CURE the patient of their cancer due to risk of inc. risk of progression of cancer. | |||||||||||||||||||
89 | 88 | Denosumab | Prolia, Xgeva | Monoclonal antibody | Osteoporosis; Hypercalcemia of malignancy | CI: uncorrected hypocalcemia, pregnancy; Precautions: skin reaction, new or worsening hypocalcemia, osteonecrosis of jaw, atypical fractures | Monitor for fracture or fracture pain, continue maintaining adequate Vitamin D and Calcium supplementation | |||||||||||||||||||
90 | 89 | Desvenlafaxine | Pristiq | Serotonin Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) antidepressant | Major depressive disorder | BBW: increase risk of suicidal ideation in children; Do not use in biplar disorder; Contraindicated in patients with increased risk of serotonin syndrome especially with recent MAOI use; increase risk of bleeding | Symptomatic improvement may not be evident for a few weeks. Do not discontinue drug abruptly, as this may precipitate withdrawal symptoms such as dysphoric mood, irritability, and agitation. Cause increase risk of bleeding with concurrent aspirin/NSAIDs use | |||||||||||||||||||
91 | 90 | Dexamethasone | Decadron | Glucocorticoid | Asthma; Cerebral edema; Cushing's syndrome | Contraindication: hypersensitivity to glucocorticosteroids; concurrent use of live vaccines; fungal infections | For short-term treatment, advise patients to take doses with meals to prevent GI upset. For high dose or long-term treatment, advise patients to monitor for signs of hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, adrenocortical insufficiency, and infection. Patient may experience insomnia, anxiety, aggression at higher doses. Avoid abrupt discontinuation in patients on long-term therapy to avoid adrenal insufficiency. | |||||||||||||||||||
92 | 91 | Dexlansoprazole | Dexilant | Antacid, Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) | GERD; Erosive esophagitis | CI: any products containing rilpivirine; Use in elderly can increase risk of C. diffile infection, increase risk of B12 deficiency and hypomagnesemia with prolonged use | Use for shortest time possible. Increased risk of bone fracture with long-term use, use with caution in those with osteoporosis. Medication guide required at dispensing. Unlike lansoprazole, does not interact with clopidogrel or CYP inhibitors/inducers. | |||||||||||||||||||
93 | 92 | Diazepam | Valium | Benzodiazeopine | Alcohol withdrawal; anxiety; status epilepticus; Skeletal muscle spasm | BBW: Risk of misuse with opioids and CNS depressants and risk of dependence; Contraindicated in acute narrow angle glaucoma, significant liver disease | Avoid alcohol use, do not abruptly stop due to risk fo withdrawal, monitor for previous seizure disorders, worsening of psych, and respiratory depression; Controlled Substance Schedule IV Rectal gel formulation (Diastat Acudial) allows for adjusting dose for individual patient needs. | |||||||||||||||||||
94 | 93 | Diclofenac | Voltaren | Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) | Osteoarthritic pain | BBW: Increase risk of cardiovascular thrombotic events with systemic absorption CI: post CABG surgery, asthma or allergic reaction to NSAID/aspirin, mild or severe renal insufficiency; Precautions: avoid in elderly pts, monitor cardiovascular events involving thrombotic risk, inc risk of bleed with other NSAIDS, aspirin, anticoag, possible SJS risk, monitor GI if at risk of ulceration | Elderly patients are at increase risk of GI bleed and ulceration. Patients with underlying cardiac dysfunction are at increased risk of cardiovascular events. Use lowest dose for shortest period of time to minimize toxicity. Available in both sodium and potassium salts, in combination with misoprostol, and in parenteral, ophthalmic, and topical products. Medication guide required at dispensing. | |||||||||||||||||||
95 | 94 | Dicyclomine | Bentyl | Antispasmodic | Irritable bowel syndrome | Contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to dicyclomine, age <6 mo, breastfeeding, GI obstruction, glaucoma, myasthenia gravis, obstructive uropathy, reflux esophagitis, severe ulcerative colitis, toxic megacolon, unstable cardiovascular state in acute hemorrhage | May cause drowsiness; avoid driving and operating heavy equipment. Injectable formulation also available for IM use only (not to be used IV). Death has been reported of use of dicyclomine in infants by serious respiratory depression | |||||||||||||||||||
96 | 95 | Digoxin | Lanoxin, Digitek | Inotropic agent, cardiac glycoside | Atrial fibrillation; HF | CI: ventricular fibrillation; Precautions: do not use 1st line for elderly for atrial fibrillation; Not recommended for patients with acute ischemia or uncontrolled electrical activity, | Take after morning meals (and after evening meals if giving in divided doses). Tablet and solution not interchangeable—dosing varies with dosage form. Dose should be adjust in hypothyroidism. Monitor heart rate and rhythm. Early signs of toxicity is N/V, later signs of toxicity include vision changes/seeing colors Therapeutic levels for HF: 0.5-0.9 ng/mL Therapeutic levels for Afib: 0.8-2.0 ng/mL" | |||||||||||||||||||
97 | 96 | Digoxin immune Fab | DigiFab | Antidote | Digoxin toxicity | Precautions: rapid onset of hypokalemia, cardiac dysfunction w/o inotropic support, monitor closely those with severe renal failure | Instruct patient to report for delayed allergic reactions after discharge from hospital | |||||||||||||||||||
98 | 97 | Diltiazem | Cardizem | Non-dihyropyridine calcium channel blocker (CCB) | Atrial arrhythmia; HTN; Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia; stable angina | CI: acute MI with pulmonary congestion, administration of IV beta-blockers within a few hours of diltiazem, cardiogenic shock, heart block, sick sinus syndrome without pacemaker, Precautions: avoid in elderly patients with reduced ejection fraction, caution with drugs reducing herat rate or contractility | Be aware of various Orange Book ratings of diltiazem; May cause gingival hyperplasia, headache, constipation. Do not abruptly discontinue or take with alcohol | |||||||||||||||||||
99 | 98 | Diphenhydramine | Benadryl | First-generation antihistamine | allergic reaction; insomnia; motion sickness; parkinsonism; Anaphylaxis | CI: newborn/premature infants, nursing mothers; Precautions: High risk of anticholinergic side effects including drowsiness, avoid alcohol or other CNS depressants, caution with peptic ulcers and other 'obstructive' diseases, paradoxical reaction in children | Do not take before activity requiring mental alertness, strong anticholinergic effects with increase risk of side effects in elderly | |||||||||||||||||||
100 | 99 | Diphenoxylate/atropine | Lomotil | Antidiarrheal | acute diarrhea | CI: Pediatric pts less than 6 years old, diarrhea associated with entero-toxin bacteria, obstructive jaundice; Caution use in elderly as antispasmodic due to high risk of delirium and dementia, abnormal liver function, anticholinergic/opioid toxicities, CNS depressants, | Advise patients of anticholinergic side effects of atropine in formulation, advise patients to not do activities that may require mental alertness. If no improvement is seen within 10 days, have pt seek primary care. Avoid alcohol |