ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZAAAB
1
2
BTM Average (months)13
3
Grid-Only Average (months)25
4
5
Data CenterStart DatePhase I OperationalDuration (months)BTM or Grid Only?Total Capacity (MW)Completion DatePhase I Capacity (MW)Notes & Sources for Grid/BTM
6
Anthropic-Amazon New CarlisleFebruary 2024June 202516Grid1229June 2026478Local news interview with AWS Head of Energy & Water discussing grid power - https://wsbt.com/news/local/only-on-22-amazon-leader-answers-questions-surrounding-incoming-data-center-aws-amazon-web-services-water-electricity-aquifer-power-grid-new-carlisle-st-joseph-county-indiana
7
Microsoft Fairwater WisconsinJuly 2023March 202632Grid3328September 2027555"During normal operations, Microsoft’s data centers will draw power from We Energies’ system" - https://www.wpr.org/news/microsoft-to-use-diesel-fired-generators-as-backup-power-for-data-centers
8
OpenAI Stargate AbileneMay 2024June 202513BTM1180July 2026147Permits describe onsite power as directly powering the data center, not providing backup generation capacity - https://www.tceq.texas.gov/downloads/permitting/air/bilingual/pending-permit-notices/182126-pls-english.pdf
9
Microsoft Fairwater AtlantaApril 2023October 202530Grid859May 2026433
"Another oddity is that it features no on-site generation or uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems. The city of Atlanta boasts an incredibly reliable grid, which enabled the hyperscaler to forego on-site power." - https://www.sdxcentral.com/news/microsoft-details-ai-wan-connecting-distributed-fairwater-ai-superfactory/
10
xAI Colossus 2February 2025October 20258BTM1494February 2026299Semianalysis deep dive discusses onsite power in detail - https://newsletter.semianalysis.com/p/xais-colossus-2-first-gigawatt-datacenter
11
xAI Colossus 1April 2024August 20244BTM425May 202645Used BTM power as a bridge before grid connection - https://www.aterio.io/blog/colossus-1-xai-s-ambitious-500-mw-energy-deployment
12
Amazon Madison Mega SiteOctober 2023June 202520Grid819September 2026341Supplied by Energy Mississippi - https://www.entergy.com/news/historic-10b-planned-investment-benefit-entergy-mississippi-customers
13
Microsoft GoodyearJune 2021April 202322Grid263November 202553Grid power request is for 250+ MW, so presumably the entire data center - https://www.interconnection.fyi/data-center/project/microsoft-goodyear-dbc9ffe1
14
Meta TempleApril 2022December 202544Grid238September 2026198Interconnection request found, no evidence of BTM generation - https://www.interconnection.fyi/data-center/project/meta-temple-f7dc40d2
15
Google Council Bluffs (East)September 2022November 202426Grid284June 202695Data Center Knowledge describes Google utility purchases to support fleet of Council Bluffs data centers - https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/sustainability/google-we-ve-bought-1-gigawatt-of-renewable-energy
16
Fluidstack Lake MarinerOctober 2024October 202512Grid509March 202719Disclosed in Terawulf 2025 10Q, page 47... "The Lake Mariner Campus sources 100% of its power from the Zone A grid" - https://investors.terawulf.com/sec-filings/all-sec-filings/content/0001083301-25-000099/0001083301-25-000099.pdf
17
Google Cedar RapidsMay 2024March 202622Grid627November 2028105Supplied by Alliant Energy, onsite generation described as backup - https://cedar-rapids.org/news_detail_T6_R2180.php
18
Google OmahaNovember 2021April 202429Grid474July 202795
No evidence of BTM generation but lots of news reporting on agreements with utilities, so presumably grid. Plans for possible onsite in Omaha are for a future data center. For example, WaPo article on how the Google data center among others delayed coal plant retirements - https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2024/10/08/google-meta-omaha-data-centers/
19
Vantage TX1December 2023February 202626Grid179.2August 202744.8Interconnection request found, no evidence of BTM generation - https://www.interconnection.fyi/data-center/project/vantage-data-center-tx1-780afda8
20
Meta HyperionDecember 2024January 202837Grid2262January 20282262
Meta building 7.46GW of capacity, but connecting to the grid... Tom's Hardware says it is "effectively underwriting a regional grid expansion to serve a single campus." - https://www.tomshardware.com/tech-industry/artificial-intelligence/meta-will-fund-seven-new-gas-plants-to-power-its-7gw-louisiana-data-center
21
GoodnightMay 2025June 202613BTM1087.6October 2027132.5"According to a Texas state air permit application, the Goodnight data center campus in Armstrong County, Texas, will be partly powered by private natural gas turbines" - https://www.wired.com/story/a-new-google-funded-data-center-will-be-powered-by-a-massive-gas-plant/
22
Amazon RidgelandFebruary 2024May 202627Grid1008September 2027273Connected to the Mississippi grid - permits are for backup/emergency onsite generation https://opc.deq.state.ms.us/get_doc.aspx?dt=eparat&id=1747289
23
Coreweave HeliosMay 2025June 202613Grid200January 2029800Records on interconnect requests - https://investor.galaxy.com/news-releases/news-release-details/galaxy-completes-ercot-interconnection-studies-and-secures https://www.interconnection.fyi/data-center/project/coreweave-helios-581fb155
24
QTS Cedar RapidsJanuary 2025November 202622Grid1587November 2027627Power supplied by Alliant Energy, a public utility - https://dailyiowan.com/2025/12/09/cedar-rapids-data-centers-ignite-concern-from-energy-advocates-excitement-from-officials/
25
OpenAI Stargate ShackelfordAugust 2025January 202717BTM1960January 2029196
"The companies have plans for a new data center in Shackelford County, Texas, that will be powered by hundreds of natural gas generators, bypassing the strained U.S. power grid so it can come online faster." - https://www.businessinsider.com/openai-building-natural-gas-microgrid-at-new-texas-data-center-2025-10
26
Crusoe Abilene ExpansionNovember 2025September 202722BTM941November 2027470"The onsite power plant will provide 900MW of behind-the-meter energy to Microsoft, paired with an MV BESS system." - https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/crusoe-confirms-microsoft-as-customer-at-campus-in-abilene-texas/
27
Meta PrometheusN/AJuly 2024N/A
28
Google New AlbanyN/AApril 2024N/A543December 202681
29
Google Pryor (North)N/AJuly 2024N/A454May 2026
30
31
Unless otherwise indicated, data sourced from EpochAI Frontier AI Data Center database
32
Epoch AI, '"Frontier Data Centers"'. Published online at epoch.ai. Retrieved from 'https://epoch.ai/data/data-centers' [online resource]. Accessed 7 Apr 2026.
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100