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Power plant techniquemax. net power output [MW]annual full-load hoursP
[TJ/a]
E_fix
[TJ]
E_fix/P
[a]
Thereof electricalP_i
[TJ/a]
P_i/PThereof electricalT [a]R_ecoRT_a
[months]
f_0t_s
[y]
R_sR_fT_a,s
[months]
T_a,f
[months]
R_eco,f
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Wind1.52,00010.812.941.208%0.010.14%0%2042.416141.50.0274.43.9546111.1
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Photovoltaics, roof, South Germany (0.01 km²)11,0003.6215.9064%0.000.00%0%255.64.07120.0272.51.61201912.4
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Photovoltaics, field, South Germany (0.01 km²)11,0003.6226.0967%0.000.00%0%255.33.87320.0272.51.51221952.3
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Photovoltaics, roof, South Europe (0.01 km²)11,7506.2213.3764%0.000.00%0%259.77.04020.0273.32.3901303.8
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Photovoltaics, field, South Europe (0.01 km²)11,7506.2223.4867%0.000.00%0%259.26.74220.0273.32.3911333.7
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CSP parabolic through, phenyls coolant525.05551.066%6.411.22%0%3058.121131.50.00512.59.6253127.2
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CSP Fresnel type, steam coolant525.08731.668%2.070.39%0%3044.317201.50.00510.88.2324222.3
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Run-of-river hydro903,000972.01,9071.960%0.750.08%0%100147.149241.40.00049352433105.1
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Pressurized water nuclear reactor, enrichment by 83% centrifuge, 17% diffusion1,3408,00038,592.05,3700.1433%427.331.11%68%60100.075210.000757522100.0
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Pressure water nuclear reactor, enrichment by 100% centrifuge (near future)1,3408,00038,592.05,3700.1433%274.330.71%50%60165.7106210.00010610622165.7
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CCGT, fueled with natural gas8057,50021,735.05000.0210%752.213.46%0%3584.7280.2910.00028280.30.384.7
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CCGT, fueled with biogas (agro)8057,50021,735.05000.0210%6,217.2128.57%60%354.83.50.3910.0003.53.50.40.44.8
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Hard coal, underground mining5097,50013,743.02,0570.159%438.003.19%40%5049.429210.00029292249.4
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Brown coal, open pit mining9307,50025,110.04,8380.1911%725.852.89%48%5048.731210.00031312248.7
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Pump storage hydro, Atdorf1,40031,14010.00100
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ResultsGerman mix (2012)normalized electricity [a]normalized input [a]German mix (2011)normalized electricity [a]normalized input [a]French mix (2011)normalized electricity [a]normalized input [a]Production costs Germany 2010 in cent/KWh...weighted by 2011 German mix...weighted by 2011 French mix
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PV4.01.65.62.44.20%1.0500.2483.20%0.8000.1890.30%0.0750.018140.450.04
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Conversion factor, electricity to primary energy, German electricity mix3.00biomass3.53.54.84.86.20%2.1700.6215.30%1.8550.5311.00%0.3500.100191.010.19
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wind16442118.10%1.6200.0998.00%1.6000.0982.20%0.4400.02770.560.15
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CSP19951250.000.00
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CCGT2828858512.00%4.2000.14814.00%4.9000.1734.50%1.5750.0563.80.530.17
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coal303049490.00%
0.00%
0.00%
00.000.00
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hydro49351471053.50%3.5000.0712.90%2.9000.0599.30%9.3000.1902.50.070.23
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nuclear757510010015.80%9.4800.12717.60%10.5600.14178.00%46.8000.6271.50.261.17
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hard coal18.50%9.2500.32218.30%9.1500.3194.50%2.2500.0782.50.460.11
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brown coal25.70%12.8500.42124.50%12.2500.4010.00%0.0000.0002.20.540.00
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R_mean21.4R_mean23.0R_mean55.54.142.08
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