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NameCommon NameZone (USDA)Use/NotesGerminationFormSourceSizeNotesMore germination / Propagation Info
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Acer saccharumSugar maple3Sap and woodTree
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Acorus calamusSweet flag3Edible leaf, root
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Actinidia kolomiktaKiwi, Super Hardy or Arctic3Edible fruit, high in vitaminsRequires GA3Vinegeorgiavines.comGA3,place seeds on a sheet of filter paper in a Petri dish or tray and apply enough GA3solution (3 mg/ml) to wet the seeds and leave uncovered for approximately 24 hours. Sow the seeds by sprinkling evenly over the surface of a tray filled with sterile seed raising media. Sieve media over the seeds to cover with a very light layer of fine media, no deeper than 3 mm. Fine vermiculite may also be used. Cover the tray with plastic and maintain at 20-25C, preferably on a heat mat. OR cold stratify - 4C for 24-28 days, followed by 10-14 days of alternating temperatures: 16 hours at 4C, 8 hours at 24C
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Agastache foeniculumAnise-Hyssop3Herbaceous
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Allium canadenseCanadian Garlic or wild garlic3
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Allium cenmm nodding wild onion3
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Alnus incanaGrey Alder2
Incredible biomas and fertilizer plant, coppice and pollard, Fixes more nitrogen than Rugosa var
21 day moist stratification in fridgeTreeOTSF18m x 5m21 day moist stratification in fridge
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Althaea officinalisMarsh Mallow3Edible leaves & root, medicinal
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Amelanchier alnifoliaServiceberry, Juneberry2Edible fruit, find cultivars with bigger, juicier, more abundant fruit (e.g. Northline)Shrub4m x 3mIf stored seed is obtained early enough in the autumn, it can be given 4 weeks warm stratification before being left out in the winter and it should then germinate in the spring. Layering in spring - takes 18 months. Division of suckers in late winter. The suckers need to have been growing for 2 years before you dig them up, otherwise they will not have formed roots.
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AMELANCHIER LAMARCKIIApple Serviceberry Lamarkii3ShrubLawyers4 weeks warm stratification before being left out in the winter and it should then germinate in the spring. Otherwise seed can be very slow to germinate, perhaps taking 18 months or more
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Amorpha canescens leadplant3Medicinal, fixes nitrogen, insectary, wind break
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Amorpha Iruticosafalse indigo3Wind break, fixes nitrogen, insectary
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Apios americana groundnut3Edible nut and root, fixes nitrogen. Look for improved varieties
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Aronia melanocarpaBlack Chokeberry3Edible fruit, high antioxidant and vitamin contentPre-soak stored seed overnight and then cold stratify for 3 monthsShrubOTSFPre-soak stored seed overnight and then cold stratify for 3 months at 2°c[113]. The seed germinates in 1 - 3 months at 15°c[
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Asarum caudatumWild ginger2Medicinal, seasoning, shade ground coverHerbaceous
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Asclepias tuberosaPleurisy root3Edible flower, leaf
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Betula lentaCherry Birch, Sweet birch, Black Birch3
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Borago officinalisBorageAnnualEdible leaf, good for beesHerbaceousRichters
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Camassia quamashCamas3Edible root (sweet and delicious, nutritious)
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Caragana arborescensSiberian Pea Shrub, Siberian Pea Tree2Edible fruit, fixes nitrogen, good foragePre-soak seedsShrubOTSF
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Cardamine diphylla toothwort3Edible leaf & flower
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Cardamine pratensis cuckoo flower3
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Ceanothus americanusNew Jersey Tea3pre-soaked for 12 hours in warm water and then given 1 - 3 months cold stratification
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Celtis occidentalisHackberry3Edible fruit, extremely nutritious - highly recommend.Cold stratified 3 months and plantedTreeLawyersstratified 3 months and planted
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Celtis occidentalis var. "delta"Delta Hackberry2Edible fruit, extremely nutritious - highly recommend. "Delta hackberry" is most hardy
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Chaenomeles speciosaNorthern Bayberry2Wax for candles, Edible fruit, Spice (leaves - bay leaf substitute)Shrub3 m (9ft 10in)
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Chenopodium bonus-benricusGood King Henry3Edible leaf, salad green (best cooked usually)
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Hablitzia tamnoidesCaucasian Mountain Spinach2 or 3
Edible leaf (more tender and better than good king henry - can eat it raw). Mulch heavily to have roots survive winter.
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Chrysospienium americanumgolden saxifrage 3
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Cichorium intybus chicory2
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Claytonia sibiricaPink purslane3Edible leaf
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Cornus canadensisDogwood, Creeping2Edible fruit, pectin, ground coverwarm strat 1st or just cold for 3 - 4 months and sown as early as possible in year. Perennial herbaceous0.3m x 1mStored seed should be cold stratified for 3 - 4 months and sown as early as possible in the year. Scarification may also help as may a period of warm stratification before the cold stratification. Germination, especially of stored seed, can be very slow, taking 18 months or more
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Corylus americanaAmerican Hazelnut3 or 4Edible nut. Need hardy cultivarspre-soaked in warm water for 48 hours and then given 2 weeks warm followed by 3 - 4 months cold stratificationShrubOTSFStored seed should be pre-soaked in warm water for 48 hours and then given 2 weeks warm followed by 3 - 4 months cold stratification
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Crataegus calpodendronPear Hawthorn2Edible fruitScarify, 3 months warm (15c), 3 months coldTree6mEastern N. America - Ontario to central USA..Stored seed can be very slow and erratic to germinate, it should be warm stratified for 3 months at 15°c and then cold stratified for another 3 months at 4°c[164]. It may still take another 18 months to germinate[78]. Scarifying the seed before stratifying it might reduce this time[80]. Fermenting the seed for a few days in its own pulp may also speed up the germination process[
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Dicentra eximia dwarf bleeding heart3
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Echinacea purpureaEchinacea, Eastern purple coneflower3
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Elaeagnus commutataSilverberry2Edible fruit, fixes nitrogenShrub
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Elaeagnus umbellata var.Cherry olive / autum olive cultivar2Edible fruit, fixes nitrogen. CAREFUL, POTENTIALLY INVASIVE!Shrub
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Eleutherococcus senticosusSiberian Ginseng3
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EMPETRUM nigrumCrowberry, Black3Edible fruit. Usually wild, rare cultivars available.5 months warm then 3 months coldShrub0.3 m (1ft) by 0.5 m (1ft 8in)can be very slow to germinate, stored seed requires 5 months warm then 3 months cold stratification at 5°c[200]. When they are large enough to handle, prick the seedlings out into individual pots and grow them on in the greenhouse for at least their first winter. Plant them out into their permanent positions in late spring or early summer, after the last expected frosts.
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Filipendula ulmariaMeadowsweet, Queen of the meadow, Double Lady of the Meadow, European Meadowsweet2
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Geum male water avens3
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Gleditsia triacanthosHoney Locust3Edible fruit, fixes nitrogen, excellent living fence and nectar crop. Can create thornless onesHot water soakTreeOTSF
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Glycyrrhiza lepidotaAmerican licorice3Highly medicinal, seasoning
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Heiianthus tuberosus Sunchoke2
Edible root, prolific, potential staple. Also known as Jerusalem Artichoke. Be careful, invasive species.
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Hemerocallis fulvaDay lily3Edible parts, insectary
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Hesperis matronalisSweet Rocket3Edible leaf, seedHerbaceous
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Hippophae rhamnoidesSea Buckthorn, Seaberry - SUNNY female, LORD male cultivars are good. Other good ones too3Edible fruit, tea (leaves), good forage, highly nutritious. 1 male per 7 females.Shrub6m x 2.5Division of suckers in the winter. They can be planted out direct into their permanent positions and usually establish well and quickly
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Hypericum perforatumSt John’s Wort, Topas3HerbaceousRichters
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Juglans cinereaButternut - White Walnut3Edible nut, highy nutritious, endangered (must plant blight resistant ones)Tree
Get blight resistant ones, join breeding programs
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Laportaea canadensis wood nettle3Edible leaf, highly nutritious, shade tolerant
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Latbyrus japonicus beach pea3
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Leuzea carthamoides (Syn. Rhaponticum carthamoides) Marol Root2Powerful Adaptogen, beautiful flower, insectaryHerbaceousSeeds germinate in warm conditions within 3 weeks.
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Ligusticum canbyl osha3
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Lonicera caerulea var. edulisHoneyberry, Blue Honeysuckle, Haskap2 or 3Edible fruitShrub
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Lonicera caerulea var. emphyllocalyxHoneyberry, Blue Honeysuckle, Haskap2Edible fruit, delicious, highly nutritious, very tough plantEastern Asia, breeding program at University of Saskatchewan
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Lonicera caerulea var. kamtschaticaHoneyberry, Blue Honeysuckle, Haskap2Edible fruit, delicious, highly nutritious, very tough plantNortheastern Asia
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Malus spp.Apple cultivars3
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Malva moschataMusk Mallow3Edible leaf, flower, insectaryHerbaceousGreat perennial green
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Matteuccia struthiopterls ostrich fern 3
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MORINGA OLEIFERA Miracle Tree, Moringa, Horseradish Tree/Oil of Ben Tree10aHighly nutritious edible leaves, highly medicinal seeds, root. ANNUAL in this climatePut in soil 2 times width of seed down, keep warm in full sun, keep moist but not soggy until germination.TreeLawyers
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Medeola virginiana Indian Cucumber Root3
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Mentha × piperitaPeppermint3Herbaceous
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Mentha spicataSpearmint3Herbaceous
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Menyanthes trifoliataBogbean, Buckbean, Marsh Trefoil,3
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Mertensia maritima oyster plant3
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Morus albaWhite mulberry3Edible fruit and young leavesTree
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Nyssa sylvaticaTupelo3Edible fruit?
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Ocimum tenuiflorumTulsiAnnualHighly medicinalHerbaceous
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Panax quinquefoliusAmerican Ginseng3Highly medicinal
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Pinus flexilisLimber Pine3Edible nutTree
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Pinus koraiensisKorean Pine Nut3Edible nut (largest one), potential staple - can graft on to certain other pines (e.g. white pine)6 weeks Cold stratifyTreeA short stratification of 6 weeks at 4°c can improve the germination of stored seed
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PINUS CEMBRA SIBIRICASiberian Pine2Edible nut6 weeks Cold stratifyTreeLawyers
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Podophyllum peltatum var.Mayapple3
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Polygonatum biflorum var. CommutatumGiant Solomon's seal3
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Polygonatum biilorum Solomon's seal3
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Prunus americanaAmerican Plum3Lawyers
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Prunus aviumSweet cherry, wild cherry3Edible fruit2 - 3 months cold stratificationTree
18 m (59ft) by 7 m (23ft)
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Prunus cerasusSour cherry3Edible fruitTree
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Prunus fruticosa Mongolian bush cherry2
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Prunus japonica x jacquemoniliidwarf bush cherry “jan', Joy', Joel'3
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Prunus mandscburica Manchurian apricot3
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Prunus maritima beach plum3
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Prunus pumila eastern dwarf cherry3
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Prunus pumila var. besseyi sand cherry3
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Prunus serotinaBlack Cherry3Edible fruit2 - 3 months cold stratificationShrubOTSFrequires 2 - 3 months cold stratification and is best sown in a cold frame as soon as it is ripe[200]. Sow stored seed in a cold frame as early in the year as possible
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PRUNUS tomentosaNanking Cherry2Edible fruit, very delicious. There are cultivars from www.cornusmas.eu but hard to get2 - 3 months cold stratificationShrubGardens North1.5 m (5ft) by 2 m (6ft).
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Psoralea esculenta prairie turnip3
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Quercus macrocarpaBurr Oak3Edible nutTreeSmall quantities of seed can be sown in deep pots in a cold frame. Plants produce a deep taproot and need to be planted out into their permanent positions as soon as possible, in fact seed sown in situ will produce the best trees
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QUERCUS MACROCARPA X GAMBELIIBur-gambel Oak3Edible nut (larger than regular burr oak)TreeLawyersSmall quantities of seed can be sown in deep pots in a cold frame. Plants produce a deep taproot and need to be planted out into their permanent positions as soon as possible, in fact seed sown in situ will produce the best trees
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QUERCUS MACROCARPA X ROBURBurenglish Oak3Edible nut (larger than regular burr oak)TreeLawyersSmall quantities of seed can be sown in deep pots in a cold frame. Plants produce a deep taproot and need to be planted out into their permanent positions as soon as possible, in fact seed sown in situ will produce the best trees
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Rheum rhabarbarumRhubarb3Herbaceous
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Rhodiola roseaRoseroot2Medicinal, powerful adaptogenHerbaceousRichtersSeed - surface sow in a sunny position in a greenhouse in spring. Do not let the compost dry out. The seed usually germinates in 2 - 4 weeks at 10°c. Prick out the seedlings into individual pots when they are large enough to handle, and grow them on in the greenhouse for their first winter. Plant out in early summer of the following year.
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Rhus glabraSmooth Sumach2
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Rhus integrifolia3
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Rhus typhina3
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Ribes americanum American black currant3
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Ribes aureum golden currant3
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Ribes hirtellum smooth gooseberry3