| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | |
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1 | Name | Common Name | Zone (USDA) | Use/Notes | Germination | Form | Source | Size | Notes | More germination / Propagation Info | ||||||||||||||||
2 | Acer saccharum | Sugar maple | 3 | Sap and wood | Tree | |||||||||||||||||||||
3 | Acorus calamus | Sweet flag | 3 | Edible leaf, root | ||||||||||||||||||||||
4 | Actinidia kolomikta | Kiwi, Super Hardy or Arctic | 3 | Edible fruit, high in vitamins | Requires GA3 | Vine | georgiavines.com | GA3,place seeds on a sheet of filter paper in a Petri dish or tray and apply enough GA3solution (3 mg/ml) to wet the seeds and leave uncovered for approximately 24 hours. Sow the seeds by sprinkling evenly over the surface of a tray filled with sterile seed raising media. Sieve media over the seeds to cover with a very light layer of fine media, no deeper than 3 mm. Fine vermiculite may also be used. Cover the tray with plastic and maintain at 20-25C, preferably on a heat mat. OR cold stratify - 4C for 24-28 days, followed by 10-14 days of alternating temperatures: 16 hours at 4C, 8 hours at 24C | ||||||||||||||||||
5 | Agastache foeniculum | Anise-Hyssop | 3 | Herbaceous | ||||||||||||||||||||||
6 | Allium canadense | Canadian Garlic or wild garlic | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
7 | Allium cenmm | nodding wild onion | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
8 | Alnus incana | Grey Alder | 2 | Incredible biomas and fertilizer plant, coppice and pollard, Fixes more nitrogen than Rugosa var | 21 day moist stratification in fridge | Tree | OTSF | 18m x 5m | 21 day moist stratification in fridge | |||||||||||||||||
9 | Althaea officinalis | Marsh Mallow | 3 | Edible leaves & root, medicinal | ||||||||||||||||||||||
10 | Amelanchier alnifolia | Serviceberry, Juneberry | 2 | Edible fruit, find cultivars with bigger, juicier, more abundant fruit (e.g. Northline) | Shrub | 4m x 3m | If stored seed is obtained early enough in the autumn, it can be given 4 weeks warm stratification before being left out in the winter and it should then germinate in the spring. | Layering in spring - takes 18 months. Division of suckers in late winter. The suckers need to have been growing for 2 years before you dig them up, otherwise they will not have formed roots. | ||||||||||||||||||
11 | AMELANCHIER LAMARCKII | Apple Serviceberry Lamarkii | 3 | Shrub | Lawyers | 4 weeks warm stratification before being left out in the winter and it should then germinate in the spring. Otherwise seed can be very slow to germinate, perhaps taking 18 months or more | ||||||||||||||||||||
12 | Amorpha canescens | leadplant | 3 | Medicinal, fixes nitrogen, insectary, wind break | ||||||||||||||||||||||
13 | Amorpha Iruticosa | false indigo | 3 | Wind break, fixes nitrogen, insectary | ||||||||||||||||||||||
14 | Apios americana | groundnut | 3 | Edible nut and root, fixes nitrogen. Look for improved varieties | ||||||||||||||||||||||
15 | Aronia melanocarpa | Black Chokeberry | 3 | Edible fruit, high antioxidant and vitamin content | Pre-soak stored seed overnight and then cold stratify for 3 months | Shrub | OTSF | Pre-soak stored seed overnight and then cold stratify for 3 months at 2°c[113]. The seed germinates in 1 - 3 months at 15°c[ | ||||||||||||||||||
16 | Asarum caudatum | Wild ginger | 2 | Medicinal, seasoning, shade ground cover | Herbaceous | |||||||||||||||||||||
17 | Asclepias tuberosa | Pleurisy root | 3 | Edible flower, leaf | ||||||||||||||||||||||
18 | Betula lenta | Cherry Birch, Sweet birch, Black Birch | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
19 | Borago officinalis | Borage | Annual | Edible leaf, good for bees | Herbaceous | Richters | ||||||||||||||||||||
20 | Camassia quamash | Camas | 3 | Edible root (sweet and delicious, nutritious) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
21 | Caragana arborescens | Siberian Pea Shrub, Siberian Pea Tree | 2 | Edible fruit, fixes nitrogen, good forage | Pre-soak seeds | Shrub | OTSF | |||||||||||||||||||
22 | Cardamine diphylla | toothwort | 3 | Edible leaf & flower | ||||||||||||||||||||||
23 | Cardamine pratensis | cuckoo flower | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
24 | Ceanothus americanus | New Jersey Tea | 3 | pre-soaked for 12 hours in warm water and then given 1 - 3 months cold stratification | ||||||||||||||||||||||
25 | Celtis occidentalis | Hackberry | 3 | Edible fruit, extremely nutritious - highly recommend. | Cold stratified 3 months and planted | Tree | Lawyers | stratified 3 months and planted | ||||||||||||||||||
26 | Celtis occidentalis var. "delta" | Delta Hackberry | 2 | Edible fruit, extremely nutritious - highly recommend. "Delta hackberry" is most hardy | ||||||||||||||||||||||
27 | Chaenomeles speciosa | Northern Bayberry | 2 | Wax for candles, Edible fruit, Spice (leaves - bay leaf substitute) | Shrub | 3 m (9ft 10in) | ||||||||||||||||||||
28 | Chenopodium bonus-benricus | Good King Henry | 3 | Edible leaf, salad green (best cooked usually) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
29 | Hablitzia tamnoides | Caucasian Mountain Spinach | 2 or 3 | Edible leaf (more tender and better than good king henry - can eat it raw). Mulch heavily to have roots survive winter. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
30 | Chrysospienium americanum | golden saxifrage | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
31 | Cichorium intybus | chicory | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
32 | Claytonia sibirica | Pink purslane | 3 | Edible leaf | ||||||||||||||||||||||
33 | Cornus canadensis | Dogwood, Creeping | 2 | Edible fruit, pectin, ground cover | warm strat 1st or just cold for 3 - 4 months and sown as early as possible in year. | Perennial herbaceous | 0.3m x 1m | Stored seed should be cold stratified for 3 - 4 months and sown as early as possible in the year. Scarification may also help as may a period of warm stratification before the cold stratification. Germination, especially of stored seed, can be very slow, taking 18 months or more | ||||||||||||||||||
34 | Corylus americana | American Hazelnut | 3 or 4 | Edible nut. Need hardy cultivars | pre-soaked in warm water for 48 hours and then given 2 weeks warm followed by 3 - 4 months cold stratification | Shrub | OTSF | Stored seed should be pre-soaked in warm water for 48 hours and then given 2 weeks warm followed by 3 - 4 months cold stratification | ||||||||||||||||||
35 | Crataegus calpodendron | Pear Hawthorn | 2 | Edible fruit | Scarify, 3 months warm (15c), 3 months cold | Tree | 6m | Eastern N. America - Ontario to central USA.. | Stored seed can be very slow and erratic to germinate, it should be warm stratified for 3 months at 15°c and then cold stratified for another 3 months at 4°c[164]. It may still take another 18 months to germinate[78]. Scarifying the seed before stratifying it might reduce this time[80]. Fermenting the seed for a few days in its own pulp may also speed up the germination process[ | |||||||||||||||||
36 | Dicentra eximia | dwarf bleeding heart | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
37 | Echinacea purpurea | Echinacea, Eastern purple coneflower | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
38 | Elaeagnus commutata | Silverberry | 2 | Edible fruit, fixes nitrogen | Shrub | |||||||||||||||||||||
39 | Elaeagnus umbellata var. | Cherry olive / autum olive cultivar | 2 | Edible fruit, fixes nitrogen. CAREFUL, POTENTIALLY INVASIVE! | Shrub | |||||||||||||||||||||
40 | Eleutherococcus senticosus | Siberian Ginseng | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
41 | EMPETRUM nigrum | Crowberry, Black | 3 | Edible fruit. Usually wild, rare cultivars available. | 5 months warm then 3 months cold | Shrub | 0.3 m (1ft) by 0.5 m (1ft 8in) | can be very slow to germinate, stored seed requires 5 months warm then 3 months cold stratification at 5°c[200]. When they are large enough to handle, prick the seedlings out into individual pots and grow them on in the greenhouse for at least their first winter. Plant them out into their permanent positions in late spring or early summer, after the last expected frosts. | ||||||||||||||||||
42 | Filipendula ulmaria | Meadowsweet, Queen of the meadow, Double Lady of the Meadow, European Meadowsweet | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
43 | Geum male | water avens | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
44 | Gleditsia triacanthos | Honey Locust | 3 | Edible fruit, fixes nitrogen, excellent living fence and nectar crop. Can create thornless ones | Hot water soak | Tree | OTSF | |||||||||||||||||||
45 | Glycyrrhiza lepidota | American licorice | 3 | Highly medicinal, seasoning | ||||||||||||||||||||||
46 | Heiianthus tuberosus | Sunchoke | 2 | Edible root, prolific, potential staple. Also known as Jerusalem Artichoke. Be careful, invasive species. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
47 | Hemerocallis fulva | Day lily | 3 | Edible parts, insectary | ||||||||||||||||||||||
48 | Hesperis matronalis | Sweet Rocket | 3 | Edible leaf, seed | Herbaceous | |||||||||||||||||||||
49 | Hippophae rhamnoides | Sea Buckthorn, Seaberry - SUNNY female, LORD male cultivars are good. Other good ones too | 3 | Edible fruit, tea (leaves), good forage, highly nutritious. 1 male per 7 females. | Shrub | 6m x 2.5 | Division of suckers in the winter. They can be planted out direct into their permanent positions and usually establish well and quickly | |||||||||||||||||||
50 | Hypericum perforatum | St John’s Wort, Topas | 3 | Herbaceous | Richters | |||||||||||||||||||||
51 | Juglans cinerea | Butternut - White Walnut | 3 | Edible nut, highy nutritious, endangered (must plant blight resistant ones) | Tree | Get blight resistant ones, join breeding programs | ||||||||||||||||||||
52 | Laportaea canadensis | wood nettle | 3 | Edible leaf, highly nutritious, shade tolerant | ||||||||||||||||||||||
53 | Latbyrus japonicus | beach pea | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
54 | Leuzea carthamoides (Syn. Rhaponticum carthamoides) | Marol Root | 2 | Powerful Adaptogen, beautiful flower, insectary | Herbaceous | Seeds germinate in warm conditions within 3 weeks. | ||||||||||||||||||||
55 | Ligusticum canbyl | osha | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
56 | Lonicera caerulea var. edulis | Honeyberry, Blue Honeysuckle, Haskap | 2 or 3 | Edible fruit | Shrub | |||||||||||||||||||||
57 | Lonicera caerulea var. emphyllocalyx | Honeyberry, Blue Honeysuckle, Haskap | 2 | Edible fruit, delicious, highly nutritious, very tough plant | Eastern Asia, breeding program at University of Saskatchewan | |||||||||||||||||||||
58 | Lonicera caerulea var. kamtschatica | Honeyberry, Blue Honeysuckle, Haskap | 2 | Edible fruit, delicious, highly nutritious, very tough plant | Northeastern Asia | |||||||||||||||||||||
59 | Malus spp. | Apple cultivars | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
60 | Malva moschata | Musk Mallow | 3 | Edible leaf, flower, insectary | Herbaceous | Great perennial green | ||||||||||||||||||||
61 | Matteuccia struthiopterls | ostrich fern | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
62 | MORINGA OLEIFERA | Miracle Tree, Moringa, Horseradish Tree/Oil of Ben Tree | 10a | Highly nutritious edible leaves, highly medicinal seeds, root. ANNUAL in this climate | Put in soil 2 times width of seed down, keep warm in full sun, keep moist but not soggy until germination. | Tree | Lawyers | |||||||||||||||||||
63 | Medeola virginiana | Indian Cucumber Root | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
64 | Mentha × piperita | Peppermint | 3 | Herbaceous | ||||||||||||||||||||||
65 | Mentha spicata | Spearmint | 3 | Herbaceous | ||||||||||||||||||||||
66 | Menyanthes trifoliata | Bogbean, Buckbean, Marsh Trefoil, | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
67 | Mertensia maritima | oyster plant | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
68 | Morus alba | White mulberry | 3 | Edible fruit and young leaves | Tree | |||||||||||||||||||||
69 | Nyssa sylvatica | Tupelo | 3 | Edible fruit? | ||||||||||||||||||||||
70 | Ocimum tenuiflorum | Tulsi | Annual | Highly medicinal | Herbaceous | |||||||||||||||||||||
71 | Panax quinquefolius | American Ginseng | 3 | Highly medicinal | ||||||||||||||||||||||
72 | Pinus flexilis | Limber Pine | 3 | Edible nut | Tree | |||||||||||||||||||||
73 | Pinus koraiensis | Korean Pine Nut | 3 | Edible nut (largest one), potential staple - can graft on to certain other pines (e.g. white pine) | 6 weeks Cold stratify | Tree | A short stratification of 6 weeks at 4°c can improve the germination of stored seed | |||||||||||||||||||
74 | PINUS CEMBRA SIBIRICA | Siberian Pine | 2 | Edible nut | 6 weeks Cold stratify | Tree | Lawyers | |||||||||||||||||||
75 | Podophyllum peltatum var. | Mayapple | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
76 | Polygonatum biflorum var. Commutatum | Giant Solomon's seal | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
77 | Polygonatum biilorum | Solomon's seal | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
78 | Prunus americana | American Plum | 3 | Lawyers | ||||||||||||||||||||||
79 | Prunus avium | Sweet cherry, wild cherry | 3 | Edible fruit | 2 - 3 months cold stratification | Tree | 18 m (59ft) by 7 m (23ft) | |||||||||||||||||||
80 | Prunus cerasus | Sour cherry | 3 | Edible fruit | Tree | |||||||||||||||||||||
81 | Prunus fruticosa | Mongolian bush cherry | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
82 | Prunus japonica x jacquemonilii | dwarf bush cherry “jan', Joy', Joel' | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
83 | Prunus mandscburica | Manchurian apricot | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
84 | Prunus maritima | beach plum | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
85 | Prunus pumila eastern | dwarf cherry | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
86 | Prunus pumila var. besseyi | sand cherry | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
87 | Prunus serotina | Black Cherry | 3 | Edible fruit | 2 - 3 months cold stratification | Shrub | OTSF | requires 2 - 3 months cold stratification and is best sown in a cold frame as soon as it is ripe[200]. Sow stored seed in a cold frame as early in the year as possible | ||||||||||||||||||
88 | PRUNUS tomentosa | Nanking Cherry | 2 | Edible fruit, very delicious. There are cultivars from www.cornusmas.eu but hard to get | 2 - 3 months cold stratification | Shrub | Gardens North | 1.5 m (5ft) by 2 m (6ft). | ||||||||||||||||||
89 | Psoralea esculenta | prairie turnip | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
90 | Quercus macrocarpa | Burr Oak | 3 | Edible nut | Tree | Small quantities of seed can be sown in deep pots in a cold frame. Plants produce a deep taproot and need to be planted out into their permanent positions as soon as possible, in fact seed sown in situ will produce the best trees | ||||||||||||||||||||
91 | QUERCUS MACROCARPA X GAMBELII | Bur-gambel Oak | 3 | Edible nut (larger than regular burr oak) | Tree | Lawyers | Small quantities of seed can be sown in deep pots in a cold frame. Plants produce a deep taproot and need to be planted out into their permanent positions as soon as possible, in fact seed sown in situ will produce the best trees | |||||||||||||||||||
92 | QUERCUS MACROCARPA X ROBUR | Burenglish Oak | 3 | Edible nut (larger than regular burr oak) | Tree | Lawyers | Small quantities of seed can be sown in deep pots in a cold frame. Plants produce a deep taproot and need to be planted out into their permanent positions as soon as possible, in fact seed sown in situ will produce the best trees | |||||||||||||||||||
93 | Rheum rhabarbarum | Rhubarb | 3 | Herbaceous | ||||||||||||||||||||||
94 | Rhodiola rosea | Roseroot | 2 | Medicinal, powerful adaptogen | Herbaceous | Richters | Seed - surface sow in a sunny position in a greenhouse in spring. Do not let the compost dry out. The seed usually germinates in 2 - 4 weeks at 10°c. Prick out the seedlings into individual pots when they are large enough to handle, and grow them on in the greenhouse for their first winter. Plant out in early summer of the following year. | |||||||||||||||||||
95 | Rhus glabra | Smooth Sumach | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
96 | Rhus integrifolia | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
97 | Rhus typhina | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
98 | Ribes americanum | American black currant | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
99 | Ribes aureum | golden currant | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
100 | Ribes hirtellum | smooth gooseberry | 3 |