ABCDEF
1
Phonetic Pattern / Morpheme(s)ClassificationMeaningExamples/
Key Words		Explanation
2
1Irregular Pluralsphonics & morphologymen, fish, people, leaves, cactiIrregular plural nouns change in unexpected or unpredictable ways. Suffix -s and -es are not used. There are 5 patterns of irregular pluralization.
3
23 + Syllable Wordsphonicspelican, establishSyllable stress helps readers pronounce and decode longer words by signaling which syllable is emphasized and which may have a reduced vowel sound like schwa.
4
3<en> suffixto make; to becomewooden, brighten The <en> suffix is a word part that we add to some adjectives or nouns to turn them into verbs. It usually means to make or to become. For example: bright becomes brighten, which means to make bright.This suffix helps show a change or action.
5
4<vis>rootto seevision, reviseThe root <vis> comes from the Latin verb videre, which means to see. When used as a root in English words, <vis> generally relates to sight, seeing, or observing.
6
5<audi> <aud>roothearaudible, audienceThe roots <audi> and <aud> come from the Latin verb audīre, which means to hear. When used as roots in English words, they generally relate to hearing, listening, or sound.
7
6ph digraph & <photo>phonics pattern & rootlightphotograph, photosynthesisThe root <photo> comes from the Greek word phōs (with the stem phōt-), meaning light. This root appears in many English words that are related to light or the process of using light.
8
7<anti>prefixopposite, againstantibullying, anti-hero, antibiotic The prefix <anti> comes from the Greek word anti, meaning against or opposite. When added to a word, <anti> usually indicates opposition, resistance, or something that counters or works against another concept.
9
8<semi>prefixhalfsemicircle, semiannual, semipermanent The prefix <semi> comes from the Latin word semi, meaning half or partly. When added to a word, <semi> typically indicates something that is not complete or is partially done.
10
9<ive>suffixincline toward actionactive, talkativeThe suffix <ive comes from the Latin suffix -ivus, which means having the nature of or pertaining to. When added to a word, -ive typically transforms the base word into an adjective that describes a characteristic or tendency.
11
10<dict>rootto say, tellpredict, dictateThe root <dict> comes from the Latin verb dicere, which means to say or to speak. When used as a root in English words, <dict> generally relates to speaking, saying, or declaring.
12
11<scrib> <script>rootto write; to be writtenscript, describeThe roots <scrib> and <script> both come from the Latin word scribere, which means to write. These roots appear in many English words related to writing, recording, or describing something;
<scrib> is found in verbs while <script> is most often found in nouns.
13
12Long Vowels + Rphonics patternfair, care, here, fear, fire, pureThese are long vowel patterns: ai, a_e, i_e, ee, e_e, ea, and u_e remain even when followed by the letter r. Coarticulation occurs, but the vowel remains long.
14
13<auto>prefixselfautopilot, autobiographyThe prefix <auto> comes from the Greek word autos, meaning self or same. When added to a word, <auto> typically indicates something related to self-operation, independence, or the idea of something being done by itself.
15
14<ence>suffixact/ condition ofassistance, absenceThe suffix <ence> comes from the Latin suffix -entia or -antia, which denotes a state, quality, or condition. When added to a base word, -ence typically transforms it into a noun that describes a particular state, quality, or condition.
16
15<tract>rootpull, dragtractor, contractThe root <tract> comes from the Latin word tractus, meaning to pull or to draw. This root appears in many English words that involve pulling, drawing, or extending something.
17
16<ject>rootthrowreject, injectThe root <ject> comes from the Latin verb jacere, meaning to throw or to cast. When used as a root in English words, <ject> generally refers to throwing or projecting something.
18
17<struct>rootbuildconstruct, instructThe root <struct> comes from the Latin verb struere, which means to build or to assemble. When used as a root in English words, <struct> generally relates to the idea of building or arranging.
19
18EIGH / EI Vowel Teamphonics patterneight, ceilingThe eigh vowel team represents the long a sound. The ei vowel team can spell long a, long, e, and occasionally long i.
20
19<multi>prefixmany, muchmulticolored, multitaskThe prefix <multi> comes from the Latin word multus, meaning many or much. When added to a word, multi- typically indicates that something involves many parts, elements, or instances.
21
20<an>suffixone having a skill, relating to, belonging tomusician, AmericanThe suffix <an> comes from Latin and is used to form nouns and adjectives, typically denoting a person related to a place or a specific characteristic.
22
21<fore>prefixbefore, earlierforesee, foreheadThe prefix <fore> comes from the Old English word fore, meaning before or in front of (time and space). When added to a base word, <fore> typically indicates something that happens earlier or is situated in the front.
23
22<poly>prefixmany, muchpolygraph, polygonThe prefix <poly> comes from the Greek word polys, meaning many or much. When added to a word, <poly> typically indicates that something involves many parts, elements, or forms.
24
23OUGH Vowel Teamphonics patternthough, roughThe ough grapheme can spell 6 sounds in English.
25
24<ure> suffixindicates action, result, or statepicture, lectureThe suffix <ure> typically comes from Latin, where it originally ended in -tura, used to form nouns indicating an action, result, or state (e.g., pictura → picture). It often appears in nouns and represents the /cher/ sound. In English, -ure usually follows a base or root word.
26
25<meter> <metr>rootmeasurethermometer, centimeterThe roots <meter> and <metr> come from the Greek word metron, meaning measure. These roots appear in many English words that describe tools, units, or processes used to measure distance, time, force, and sound.
27
26<deca> <deci>prefixtendecade, decimal The prefix <deca> comes from the Greek word deka, meaning ten. It’s used in words to indicate a connection to the number ten, or to denote one tenth (1/10) of a unit.
28
27<centi>prefix100 century, centimeterThe prefix <centi> comes from the Latin word centum, meaning one hundred. It is used to denote one hundredth (1/100) of a unit.
29
28<milli> <mille>prefix1,000millennium, millisecondThe prefix <milli> comes from the Latin word mille, meaning thousand. It is used to denote one thousandth (1/1,000) of a unit and is often used to measure very small amounts.
30
29<kilo>prefix1,000kilometer, kilowattThe prefix <kilo> comes from the Greek word chilioi, meaning thousand. It’s used in words to indicate a connection to the number one thousand or to denote one thousandth (1/1000) of a unit.
31
30<mit> <miss>rootto sendpermit, dismissThe root <mit> comes from the Latin verb mittere, which means to send or to let go. When used as a past participle form, it changes to <miss>. When used as a root in English words, <mit> generally relates to the concept of sending, allowing, or letting go.
32
31<ast> <astr>rootstarastronaut, astronomyThe roots <ast> and <astr> come from the Greek word astron, meaning star. They are used in English to form words related to stars and celestial bodies.
33
32<log> <logue>rootwordbiology, dialogueThe roots <log> and <logue> come from the Greek word logos, meaning word, study, or speech. They are used in English to form words related to speaking, studying, or discourse.
34
33<path>rootfeeling, suffering, diseaseempathy, pathologyThe root <path> comes from the Greek word pathos, which means suffering, feeling, or disease. When used as a root in English words, <path> generally relates to emotions, feelings, or diseases.
35
34<terr>rootrelating to earth; relating to fearterritory, terrorThe root <terr> comes from the Latin word terra, meaning earth or land. This root is found in many English words related to the earth or land.
This root is also from the Latin word terrere which means fear or fright. It is found in words that relate to fear, particularly fear that can be overwhelming.
36
35<jur> <juris>rootjudge, oath, lawjury, jurisdictionThe roots <jur> and <juris> come from the Latin words jurare (to swear) and juris (of the law), respectively. These roots are related to the concepts of law, authority, and swearing an oath.
37
36<port>rootto carrytransport, importThe root <port> comes from the Latin verb portare, which means to carry. You’ll find it in many English words that involve movement or transportation of things or ideas.
38
Gray- Phonetic Pattern Pink- Prefixes Blue- Roots Yellow- Suffixes
39
40
41