| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | AA | AB | AC | AD | AE | AF | AG | AH | AI | AJ | AK | AL | AM | AN | AO | AP | AQ | AR | AS | AT | AU | AV | AW | AX | AY | AZ | BA | BB | BC | BD | BE | BF | BG | BH | BI | BJ | BK | BL | BM | BN | BO | BP | BQ | BR | BS | BT | BU | BV | BW | BX | BY | BZ | CA | CB | CC | CD | CE | CF | CG | CH | CI | CJ | CK | CL | CM | CN | CO | CP | CQ | CR | CS | CT | CU | CV | CW | CX | ||
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1 | CHARACTERISTICS | CONTAGIOUSNESS | DEADLINESS | NOTORIETY | TRANSMISSION | SURVIVAL TIME | INFECTIOUS DOSE | SYMPTOMOLOGY | INCIDENCE | FATALITIES | DALYs (Disability-adjusted life years) | MOST VULNERABLE | TREATMENT | GENERAL SOURCES | Old sources for deaths | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2 | N | Disease name | Alternative name | Pathogen type | Pathogen name | Pathogen size | Pathogen size, grouped | R0, average estimate | Contagiousness category | R0 lower | R0 upper | old values | Note | Source 1 | Source 2 | Source 3 | Story? | Case fatality rate, % | Note | Source | Google hits | Google News hits | News hits as % general hits | Notoriety to fatalities ratio | Search term used | Primary mode of transmission | Story | Transmission note | Source | Survival time on surfaces | Survival time on surfaces | Survival time on surfaces | Survival in ideal conditions (ie. blood, faeces) | Ideal conditions note | Source | Infectious dose | Note | Source 1 | Source 2 | Source 3 | Incubation period, average | Incubation period, range | Incubation period source | Viral load in acute stage | Viral load sources | Global | United States | Europe | Africa | Notes | Source 1 | Source 2 | Global | United States | Europe | Africa | Notes | Source 1 | Source 2 | Source 3 | Source 4 | Source 5 | Source 6 | Source 7 | Source 8 | Global | United States | Europe | Africa | Note | Source | Populations | Hotspots | Source 1 | Source 2 | Primary treatment | Effectiveness | Resistance | Containment level required | Source 1 | Source 2 | http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/lab-bio/res/psds-ftss/index-eng.php#v | |||||||||||||||||||
3 | X = not plotted | length or (if spherical), diameter of virion, bacterium or parasite, nm | length or (if spherical), diameter of virion, bacterium or parasite, nm | R0 / basic reproduction number | Based on R0. < 1 or 1: not very. 1 < 3: quite. 3 < 5: very. 5 < 10: highly. 10+: extremely | healthy adult | (.co.uk) date retreived Jan 2018 | 2000-2018, data retreived 3/1/2018 | inflammation rating, higher = disproportionately more coverage | Google hits / world case fatality rate | days | hours | hours, lower estimate | days | pathogen particles required to infect (* = animal dose) | http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.ppat.1002512 | http://www.phidias.us/hazard/query/query_detail.php?c_hazard_ID=67 | days | days | virus particles / 1mL | New cases per year | New cases per year | New cases per year | New cases per year | http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/estimates/en/index1.html | http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm6153.pdf | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_mortality_from_H5N1 | Years lived with disease or lost to early mortality | Years lived with disease or lost to early mortality | Years lived with disease or lost to early mortality | Years lived with disease or lost to early mortality | Who gets infected the most? | Nations, areas | level | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
4 | 1 | Anthrax (untreated) | Woolsorters' disease | bacterium | Bacillus anthracis | 4,000 | 1 µm < 10 µm | 6.5 | highly | 20.0% | 10,700,000 | 25,600 | 0.24 | 53,500,000 | airborne | 70 years! | 100,000 | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infectious_dose | 20,250 | - | 0 | - | - | https://www.ll.mit.edu/publications/journal/pdf/vol17_no1/17_1_6Jamrog.pdf | https://www.google.com/search?sourceid=chrome-psyapi2&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF-8&q=anthrax%20case%20fatality%20rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5 | 2 | Bubonic plague (treated) | Black Death | bacterium | Yersinia pestis | 1,500 | 1 µm < 10 µm | 1 | not very | 15.0% | https://www.aabb.org/tm/eid/Documents/212s.pdf | 2,050,000 | 895 | 0.04 | 13,666,667 | bite | fleas that have fed on rodents | 3 | 72 | 100 | human blood | 100 | http://www.cdc.gov/biosafety/publications/bmbl5/BMBL5_sect_VIII_a.pdf | 10-40,000,000 | 4 | 1-7 | https://www.aabb.org/tm/eid/Documents/212s.pdf | - | 0 | - | 1-2000 cases a year, mortality rate unknown http://www.cdc.gov/plague/maps/ | - | globally 1-2000 cases a year, mortality rate unknown esp. in undeveloped countires http://www.cdc.gov/plague/maps/ | http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0008401 | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_human_disease_case_fatality_rates | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
6 | 3 | Bubonic plague (untreated) | Black Death | bacterium | Yersinia pestis | 1,500 | 1 µm < 10 µm | 1 | not very | 60.0% | https://www.aabb.org/tm/eid/Documents/212s.pdf | 2,050,000 | 895 | 0.04 | 3,416,667 | bite | fleas that have fed on rodents | 3 | 72 | 100 | human blood | 100 | http://www.cdc.gov/biosafety/publications/bmbl5/BMBL5_sect_VIII_a.pdf | 10-40,000,000 | 4 | 1-7 | https://www.aabb.org/tm/eid/Documents/212s.pdf | - | 0 | - | 1-2000 cases a year, mortality rate unknown http://www.cdc.gov/plague/maps/ | - | globally 1-2000 cases a year, mortality rate unknown esp. in undeveloped countires http://www.cdc.gov/plague/maps/ | http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0008401 | Antibiotics: streptomycin, gentamycin, chloramphenicol | Effective if treatment begins within 24-36 hours of onset | https://www.aabb.org/tm/eid/Documents/212s.pdf | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_human_disease_case_fatality_rates | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
7 | 4 | C. difficile | bacterium | Clostridium difficile | 1,250 | 1 µm < 10 µm | 1.3 | quite | 0.5 | 2 | animal R0 figure | 24.0% | 1,300,000 | 2,760 | 0.21 | 5,416,667 | fecal-oral | 60 | 90 | <100 | http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/15/5/08-1186_article | http://www.bio-protocol.org/e1002 | - | 7,300 | - | http://www.aricjournal.com/content/1/1/20 | - | http://www.nhs.uk/chq/Pages/how-long-do-bacteria-and-viruses-live-outside-the-body.aspx | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21558767 | http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/18/2/10-1611_article | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
8 | 5 | Campylobacter | bacterium | Campylobacter, various species | 4,000 | 1 µm < 10 µm | 0.2 | not very | 1.2% | 3,440,000 | 5,770 | 0.17 | 286,666,667 | food | 0.6 | 28 | in cold water | 500 | http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2014/chapter-3-infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/campylobacteriosis | 550 | - | 4,000 | - | http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/80751/1/9789241564601_eng.pdf | - | http://www.nhs.uk/chq/Pages/how-long-do-bacteria-and-viruses-live-outside-the-body.aspx | http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/lab-bio/res/psds-ftss/campylobacter-coli-eng.php | http://www.mssanz.org.au/modsim2011/B2/parshotam.pdf | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1236927/ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
9 | 6 | Chicken pox | Varicella | virus | Varicella zoster | 175 | 100 nm < 1 µm | 8.5 | highly | 7 | 10 | 0.0% | 4,180,000 | 5,710 | 0.14 | 418,000,000,000 | airborne | 0.2 | 4 | 2 | unknown | http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/lab-bio/res/psds-ftss/var-zo-eng.php | 100,000,000 | 148,162,466 | 5,301,792 | 11,326,037 | 31,844,891 | 2016, both sexes, Varicella and herpes zoster | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | 12,472 | 295 | 653 | 3,948 | 2016, Varicella and herpes zoster | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | 923,530 | 18,473 | 39,852 | 285,515 | 2016, Varicella and herpes zoster | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_human_disease_case_fatality_rates | http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/lab-bio/res/psds-ftss/var-zo-eng.php | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
10 | 7 | Chikungunya | virus | Chikungunya virus | 65 | <100 nm | 3.5 | very | 0.4% | 2.8% in children, 1.6% in old people | 7,480,000 | 39,400 | 0.53 | 1,870,000,000 | bite | aedes mosquito | 4-8 | https://ecdc.europa.eu/sites/portal/files/media/en/publications/Publications/0804_MER_Chikungunya_Modelling.pdf | http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs327/en/ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
11 | 8 | Cholera | bacterium | Vibro cholerae, some strains | 1,300 | 1 µm < 10 µm | 2.1 | quite | 1.63 | 2.63 | 1.6% | 21,300,000 | 53,500 | 0.25 | 1,306,748,466 | 1,000,000 | infectious dose is serotypes O139, O1 | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infectious_dose | 33,334,000,000 | 94,000 | 0 | 55,000 | estimated. http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?pid=S0042-96862012000300013&script=sci_arttext | 55,319 | estimated. AFR-D + AFR-E endemic + African non-endemic countries http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?pid=S0042-96862012000300013&script=sci_arttext | http://www.nature.com/srep/2013/130110/srep00997/full/srep00997.html | http://www.who.int/gho/epidemic_diseases/cholera/case_fatality_rate/en/ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
12 | 9 | Common cold | Rhinovirus | virus | Many viral strains. Rhinoviruses most common. | 30 | <100 nm | 6 | highly | 0.0% | 6,820,000 | 10,100 | 0.15 | #DIV/0! | airborne | 0.1 | 3 | 1 | nasal mucous | 0.4 | http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/virol/rhino.htm | 1000 | http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/lab-bio/res/psds-ftss/rhinovirus-eng.php | - | - | - | - | - | - | http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=5uMf4qCmghEC&pg=PA201&lpg=PA201&dq=rhinovirus+%22basic+reproductive+number%22+OR+%22basic+reproductive+rate%22&source=bl&ots=M5hiyWlzzL&sig=NG0Ydv1t-UJ3o1GGGeyLMkP5KHE&hl=en&sa=X&ei=hpo3VLWrJebB7Aa9xIHIBw&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=rhinovirus%20%22basic%20reproductive%20number%22%20OR%20%22basic%20reproductive%20rate%22&f=false | http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/lab-bio/res/psds-ftss/rhinovirus-eng.php | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
13 | 10 | Dengue fever | virus | Dengue fever virus | 50 | <100 nm | 3 | very | 0.1% | 4,730,000 | 7,000 | 0.15 | 9,460,000,000 | bite | unknown | http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/lab-bio/res/psds-ftss/msds50e-eng.php | 101,064,193 | 23,448 | 0 | 8,109,719 | 2016, both sexes | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | 37,780 | 1 | 0 | 287 | 2016 | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | 2,956,863 | 286 | 8 | 99,917 | 2016 | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | http://www.idpjournal.com/content/3/1/12 | http://www.cdc.gov/dengue/faqFacts/fact.html | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
14 | 11 | Diphtheria | bacterium | Corynebacterium diphtheriae | 4,000 | 1 µm < 10 µm | 6.5 | highly | 6 | 7 | 7.5% | 554,000 | 582 | 0.11 | 7,386,667 | body fluids | unknown | http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/lab-bio/res/psds-ftss/msds51e-eng.php | 4,275 | 31 | 187 | 2,206 | 2016, both sexes | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | 1,112 | 3 | 13 | 875 | 2016 | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | 86,928 | 158 | 638 | 70,924 | 2016 | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | http://www.cdc.gov/diphtheria/clinicians.html | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
15 | 12 | E. coli | bacterium | Escherichia coli | 2,000 | 1 µm < 10 µm | 1.2 | quite | 0.3 | 2 | 4.0% | 20,500,000 | 32,400 | 0.16 | 512,500,000 | fecal-oral | 1 | ~ | 2 | 100,000,000 | infectious dose varies in different strains, can be as low as 10-100 organisms | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infectious_dose | 50,500,000 | 260,000 | 100 | 103,000 | 1,497,724 deaths from diarrhea in 2012 (WHO GBD 2014). enteropathogenic + enterotoxigenic E. coli: est. 17.1% of childhood diarrhea deaths, applied to total. (no estimate proportion available for all diarrhea deaths incl. adults). http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24023773; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3762858/#!po=34.3750 | 103,065 | 602,717 deaths from diarrhea in 2012 (WHO GBD 2014). enteropathogenic + enterotoxigenic E. coli: est. 17.1% of childhood diarrhea deaths, applied to total. (no estimate proportion available for all diarrhea deaths incl. adults(. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24023773; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3762858/#!po=34.3750 | http://aem.asm.org/content/69/7/3687 | http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs125/en/ | http://www.mssanz.org.au/modsim2011/B2/parshotam.pdf | http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/lab-bio/res/psds-ftss/escherichia-coli-eng.php#footnote14 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
16 | 13 | Ebola | Ebola virus disease | virus | Ebolavirus, various species | 14,000 | 10 µm < 100 µm | 2.5 | quite | 1 | 4 | 50.0% | 10,300,000 | 45,400 | 0.44 | 20,600,000 | body fluids | 0.5 | 14 | 87 day survival in semen | 5 | https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CB8QFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.phac-aspc.gc.ca%2Flab-bio%2Fres%2Fpsds-ftss%2Febola-eng.php&ei=KSJEVI_mCqPg7QaIooDgBg&usg=AFQjCNEiBmo7OAsASyqJsRY3QzjgQr2NjA&sig2=JvZD-hqLKkrlbH-lA6i-3A | 50,000,000,000 | 41 | 0 | 0 | 41 | 2016, both sexes | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 2016 | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | 331 | 0 | 0 | 330 | 2016 | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs103/en/ | http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/transmission/qas.html | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
17 | 14 | Echinococcosis | Tapeworm | parasite | Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis (worms) | 4,000,000 | > 1 mm | 1.5 | quite | 1.23 | 1.67 | Xinjiang, China: R0=1.67 in one paper, 1.23 in another | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23669505 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29161869 | not fatal, though multiocular echinococcosis is | 444,000 | 39 | 0.009 | #DIV/0! | parasite | 204,202 | 281 | 8,655 | 116,337 | 2016, both sexes, Cystic echinococcosis | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | 1,012 | 3 | 95 | 604 | 2016, Cystic echinococcosis | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | 136,528 | 227 | 6,348 | 83,496 | 2016, Cystic echinococcosis | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/laboratory-biosafety-biosecurity/pathogen-safety-data-sheets-risk-assessment/echinococcus-granulosus-pathogen-safety-data-sheet.html | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
18 | 15 | Guinea worm disease (untreated) | Dracunculiasis | parasite | Dracunculus medinensis (worm) | 1,000,000,000 | > 1 mm | 20 | extremely | 0.3 | 20 | Values are theoretical. 20 is value without intervention. Values read from Table 7 in source. Guinea-worm disease is being successfully tackled (R0 < 1) and is on the verge of eradication. Since 1986, there has been a 98% reduction in guinea worm disease worldwide, achieved primarily through community-based programs. These programs have educated local populations on how to filter drinking water to remove the parasite and how to prevent those with ulcers from infecting drinking-water sources. | https://mysite.science.uottawa.ca/rsmith43/GuineaWorm.pdf | Guinea worm disease is mega-contagious when untreated, but it's on the brink of eradication thanks to better treatment. Only 27 people were infected with Guinea worm in 2016, all of them in Africa. | 777,000 | 4,090 | 0.53 | #DIV/0! | waterborne | Spreads through drinking water contaminated with water fleas that have swallowed the larva, which remain intact in the digestive system. The female larvae grow into adult worms 60-100cm long and 0.1-0.2cm across. This takes 10-14 months. The worms then migrate to extremities such as the feet, and try to break through the skin. The worm can be removed by surgery or by pulling it out, often by wrapping it around a stick. This can take months: worms can be a metre long and only 1-2cm can be removed per day. | Drinking water containing copepods (water fleas) that are infected with Dracunculiasis medinensis larvae. | https://mysite.science.uottawa.ca/rsmith43/GuineaWorm.pdf | 27 | 0 | 0 | 27 | 2016, both sexes, Guinea worm disease | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | None - prevention only | https://www.science.gov/topicpages/d/dracunculiasis+guinea+worm.html | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
19 | 16 | Hand, foot and mouth | HFMD | virus | Coxsackievirus A16 | 30 | <100 nm | 3.5 | very | R0 = average across virus types | 0.1% | 1,120,000 | 2,790 | 0.25 | 1,866,666,667 | body fluids | 14.0 | 150 | soil | 18 | 2 | 12 | http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/9/1/02-0112_article | http://www.antimicrobialtestlaboratories.com/coxsackievirus.htm | http://www.oie.int/doc/ged/D8191.PDF | http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/lab-bio/res/psds-ftss/msds44e-eng.php | http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/bathing/recreadischap6.pdf | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4050796/ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
20 | 17 | Hantavirus | Hantavirus hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) | virus | Hantavirus | 140 | 100 nm < 1 µm | 1.3 | quite | 36.0% | varies by strain | 872,000 | 4,210 | 0.48 | 2,422,222 | airborne, fecal-oral | Transmitted by rodent urine & faeces, person-to-person is rare, | 8 | 13.5 | unknown | 7-28 | 200000 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4286007/ | 175,000 | 3,667 | EU: 2014 | https://ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/hantavirus-infection-annual-epidemiological-report-2016-2014-data | https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/laboratory-biosafety-biosecurity/pathogen-safety-data-sheets-risk-assessment/hantavirus.html | 29 | US: 2016 | https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=vYxFAAAAYAAJ&q=hantavirus+r0+OR+%22basic+reproduction+number%22+OR+%22basic+reproductive+rate%22&dq=hantavirus+r0+OR+%22basic+reproduction+number%22+OR+%22basic+reproductive+rate%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjuvLuhhsnYAhUGI8AKHTijDfIQ6AEIYjAN | https://www.cdc.gov/hantavirus/technical/hanta/virology.html | https://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/diseases/hantavir.html | https://www.cdc.gov/hantavirus/technical/hps/faq.html | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/236425-clinical | https://www.cdc.gov/hantavirus/surveillance/annual-cases.html | 3 | https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/laboratory-biosafety-biosecurity/pathogen-safety-data-sheets-risk-assessment/hantavirus.html | https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=B58bCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA7&dq=hantavirus+r0+OR+%22basic+reproduction+number%22+OR+%22basic+reproductive+rate%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjuvLuhhsnYAhUGI8AKHTijDfIQ6AEIRTAG#v=onepage&q=hantavirus%20r0%20OR%20%22basic%20reproduction%20number%22%20OR%20%22basic%20reproductive%20rate%22&f=false | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
21 | 18 | Helminthiases | Parasitic worm infection | parasite | Any parasitic worm | 250,000,000 | > 1 mm | 2.9 | quite | 2.9 | http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2006.01154.x/asset/j.1365-2656.2006.01154.x.pdf?v=1&t=jcahev3z&s=d04f7bc9cf185ca7d8ff0a285e5a0a51c92fdb8b | 121,000 | 26 | 0.02 | #DIV/0! | fecal-oral | Soil contaminated with human feces | NA | NA | NA | NA | Prevalence 1.5 billion i.e. 1.5 billion people globally - 24% of world's population - are infected with soil-transmitted helminths | http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs366/en/ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
22 | 19 | Hepatitis A | virus | Hepatitis A virus | 30 | <100 nm | 1.3 | quite | 1.11 | 1.55 | US. Van Effelterre et al 2006: The value of the R0 for HA in the United States estimated from the model is, depending on model assumptions, 1.31–1.55 in region 1, 1.27–1.44 in region 2, and 1.11–1.30 in region 3. | https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/43/2/158/333597 | 4,820,000 | 19,400 | 0.40 | #DIV/0! | fecal-oral | Closely associated with unsafe water or food, inadequate sanitation and poor personal hygiene. | unknown | https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/laboratory-biosafety-biosecurity/pathogen-safety-data-sheets-risk-assessment/hepatitis-a-virus.html | 29 | 15-50 | 159,515,772 | 629,672 | 1,694,948 | 20,917,489 | 2016, both sexes, Acute hepatitis A. However seroprevalence data suggest tens of millions of infections occur each year. | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/laboratory-biosafety-biosecurity/pathogen-safety-data-sheets-risk-assessment/hepatitis-a-virus.html | 5,249 | 70 | 105 | 629 | 2016, Acute | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | 450,659 | 3,818 | 6,411 | 57,958 | 2016, Acute | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | Drug users, travellers, gay men | Developing countries: Central and South America, Africa, India, Middle East and Asia | http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs328/en/ | https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/laboratory-biosafety-biosecurity/pathogen-safety-data-sheets-risk-assessment/hepatitis-a-virus.html | None - prevention only | http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs328/en/ | https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/laboratory-biosafety-biosecurity/pathogen-safety-data-sheets-risk-assessment/hepatitis-a-virus.html | http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs328/en/ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
23 | 20 | Hepatitis B | virus | Hepatitis B virus | 42 | <100 nm | 4.0 | very | 1.45 | 6.62 | 11 | 0.8% | 13,300,000 | 14,000 | 0.11 | 1,773,333,333 | body fluids | 0.7 | 16 | 7 | 'extraordinarily small' | http://infectionnet.org/notes/hepatitis-viruses/ | 12,500,000 | 118,976,405 | 492,758 | 1,415,301 | 32,499,525 | 2016, both sexes | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | 100,278 | 830 | 1,530 | 18,471 | 2016 | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | 3,823,834 | 25,080 | 42,894 | 826,573 | 2016 | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/surv-manual/chpt04-hepb.pdf | http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/lab-bio/res/psds-ftss/hepatitis-b-eng.php | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
24 | 21 | HIV (treated) | Human immunodeficiency virus | virus | Human immunodeficiency virus | 120 | 100 nm < 1 µm | 3.5 | very | 2 | 5 | 2.1% | 58,400,000 | 7,300,000 | 12.5 | 2,780,952,381 | sexual contact | 7 | 7 | 15 | 1-65000 | 50% infective dose 1 virion (min) to 65,000 | http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/lecture/hiv3.htm | 75,000 | 1,865,245 | 45,611 | 95,442 | 1,326,557 | 2016, both sexes, all HIV/AIDS | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | 1,033,751 | 7,116 | 28,716 | 786,096 | 2016, All HIV/AIDS | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | 57,575,392 | 418,836 | 1,592,008 | 44,564,391 | 2016, All HIV/AIDS | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | http://www.aidsmap.com/Wide-variations-between-US-states-in-HIV-mortality-rates/page/2117475/ | http://www.aidsmap.com/Survival-outside-the-body/page/1321278/ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
25 | 22 | HIV (untreated) | Human immunodeficiency virus | virus | Human immunodeficiency virus | 120 | 100 nm < 1 µm | 3.5 | very | 2 | 5 | 80.0% | 58,400,000 | 7,300,000 | 12.5 | 73,000,000 | sexual contact | 7 | 7 | 15 | 1-65000 | 50% infective dose 1 virion (min) to 65,000 | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19948896 | 1,865,245 | 45,611 | 95,442 | 1,326,557 | 2016, both sexes, all HIV/AIDS | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | 1,033,751 | 7,116 | 28,716 | 786,096 | 2016, All HIV/AIDS | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | 57,575,392 | 418,836 | 1,592,008 | 44,564,391 | 2016, All HIV/AIDS | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | http://www.aidsmap.com/Survival-outside-the-body/page/1321278/ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
26 | 24 | Influenza (bird flu) | Avian flu | virus | Influenza A virus (H5N1) | 100 | 100 nm < 1 µm | 1 | not very | 1 | 4 | 60.0% | 3,500,000 | 62,900 | 1.8 | 5,833,333 | "bird flu" | airborne | 2 | 6 | 35 | unknown | https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/H5N1_Influenza_A | 2,000 | 13 | https://www.aabb.org/tm/eid/Documents/212s.pdf | 18 | 0 | 3 | 2013 | 3 | 2013 | http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/lab-bio/res/psds-ftss/influenza-a-eng.php | http://www.nature.com/srep/2013/130710/srep02175/full/srep02175.html | Those in areas with infected wild rodents or domestic animals | Antibiotics: streptomycin, gentamycin, chloramphenicol | Effective if treatment begins within 24-36 hours of onset | https://www.aabb.org/tm/eid/Documents/212s.pdf | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza_A_virus_subtype_H5N1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
27 | 25 | Influenza (seasonal flu) | virus | Influenza viruses, various species | 85 | <100 nm | 2.5 | quite | 2 | 3 | 0.1% | 810,000 | 9,300 | 1.1 | 810,000,000 | "seasonal flu" | airborne | 1 | 2 | 790 | http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/lab-bio/res/psds-ftss/influenza-a-eng.php | 375,000 | 26,000 | - | range 250-500,000. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs211/en/ | - | unknown. http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/206/suppl_1/S1.full.pdf+html | http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/lab-bio/res/psds-ftss/influenza-grippe-b-c-eng.php | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_reproduction_number | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_human_disease_case_fatality_rates | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
28 | 23 | Influenza (Spanish flu) | 1918 pandemic | virus | Influenza A virus (H1N1) | 100 | 100 nm < 1 µm | 3 | very | 1.8 | 2 | 2.5% | 608,000 | 5,890 | 0.97 | 24,320,000 | "Spanish flu" | airborne | 5.6 | http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/12/11/06-0426_article | https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=6&ved=0CE4QFjAF&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mdpi.com%2F1999-4915%2F2%2F8%2F1530%2Fpdf&ei=PvBEVKO5Hcau7Abyy4GADw&usg=AFQjCNGSB-f7wflPOcjC933IbtZwfvUtPA&sig2=rCX6dQtdVhSGXsBFXF-VIQ | 75,000,000 | 650,000 | - | est. 50-100m, 1918-19 | - | - | http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/12/1/05-0979_article | https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CCgQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcis.uchicago.edu%2Foutreach%2Fsummerinstitute%2Fepidemics%2Fpresentations%2FWeber.ppt&ei=b5U3VNP_DoTP7gb6joGwDQ&usg=AFQjCNFw3QCdUNXC11CgV8_D__3LyaGt5w&sig2=dfHcL3cMQqk-P8xOJqUTrg | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
29 | 26 | Influenza (swine flu) | virus | Influenza A virus (H1N1) | 100 | 100 nm < 1 µm | 1.5 | quite | 1.4 | 1.6 | 0.2% | 5,670,000 | 82,300 | 1.5 | 2,835,000,000 | "swine flu" | airborne | 0.4 | 2 | 500 | https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=6&ved=0CE4QFjAF&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mdpi.com%2F1999-4915%2F2%2F8%2F1530%2Fpdf&ei=PvBEVKO5Hcau7Abyy4GADw&usg=AFQjCNGSB-f7wflPOcjC933IbtZwfvUtPA&sig2=rCX6dQtdVhSGXsBFXF-VIQ | 360,000 | 12,500 | - | 2009, during first year virus circulated. http://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(12)70121-4/fulltext | - | - | http://www.panama-guide.com/article.php/20090517152331424 | http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2013/01/study-puts-global-2009-pandemic-h1n1-infection-rate-24 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
30 | 27 | Leishmaniasis | Kala-azar, Dum-Dum fever | parasite | Leishmania parasites | 4,000 | 1 µm < 10 µm | 8.5 | highly | 5.9 | 11 | 5.9: dogs: canine outbreak in Brazil. 11: dogs, canine outbreak on Malta. No data for humans. | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10190170 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1437274 | 2,620,000 | 2,840 | 0.11 | #DIV/0! | bite | sandfly | unknown | https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/laboratory-biosafety-biosecurity/pathogen-safety-data-sheets-risk-assessment/leishmania.html | 7 | At least a week to many months | https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/laboratory-biosafety-biosecurity/pathogen-safety-data-sheets-risk-assessment/leishmania.html | 798,806 | 5 | 821 | 128,404 | 2016, both sexes | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | 13,669 | 0 | 43 | 6,275 | 2016 | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | 981,055 | 0 | 1,107 | 288,588 | 2016 | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | Malnourished people, migrants or those living near them, those affected by climate change | http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs375/en/ | Resistance against sodium antimony gluconate has been documented for all species | 2 | https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/laboratory-biosafety-biosecurity/pathogen-safety-data-sheets-risk-assessment/leishmania.html | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
31 | 28 | Leprosy | Hansen's disease | bacterium | Mycobacterium leprae or Mycobacterium lepromatosis | 5,000 | 1 µm < 10 µm | 2.8 | quite | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1381230/?page=3 | 2,560,000 | 7,630 | 0.30 | #DIV/0! | body fluids | droplets from nose and mouth during close and frequent contact with infected person | unknown | https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/laboratory-biosafety-biosecurity/pathogen-safety-data-sheets-risk-assessment/mycobacterium.html | 55,317 | 35 | 10 | 8,814 | 2016, both sexes | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | 2016 | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | 31,654 | 3 | 2 | 7,391 | 2016 | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | Multidrug therapy: dapsone, rifampicin, Clofazimine | Some resistance to dapsone | 2 | http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs101/en/ | https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/laboratory-biosafety-biosecurity/pathogen-safety-data-sheets-risk-assessment/mycobacterium.html | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
32 | 29 | Lyme disease | Lyme borreliosis | bacterium | Borrelia, various species | 16,500 | 10 µm < 100 µm | 4.4 | very | 3.8 | 5 | 0.2% | 9,050,000 | 6,700 | 0.07 | 4,525,000,000 | bite | 50000* | http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0101009 | - | 10 | - | - | - | - | http://www.cdc.gov/anaplasmosis/stats/ | http://izt.ciens.ucv.ve/ecologia/Archivos/ECO_POB%202008/ECOPO6_2008/Hartemink%20y%20col%202008.pdf | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
33 | 30 | Lymphatic filariasis | Elephantiasis | parasite | Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, and Brugia timori | 75,000,000 | > 1 mm | 16 | extremely | 2.7 | 30 | Sub-Saharan Africa: Mathematical modelling showed that the reproduction number (R0) estimates vary from 2.7 to 30, with large variations between and within regions. | https://parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13071-015-1166-x | 384,000 | 1,800 | 0.47 | #DIV/0! | bite | nematodes (roundworms) of the family Filariodidea transmitted via mosquitos | unknown | Brugia spp. | https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/laboratory-biosafety-biosecurity/pathogen-safety-data-sheets-risk-assessment/brugia-pathogen-safety-data-sheet.html | many years | Microfilariae are found in the blood 3 to 12 months after infection Footnote 4 Footnote 7 . The infection remains asymptomatic in many cases for years, although microfilariae are circulating in the blood | https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/laboratory-biosafety-biosecurity/pathogen-safety-data-sheets-risk-assessment/brugia-pathogen-safety-data-sheet.html | 7,604,356 | 0 | 0 | 4,341,126 | 2016, both sexes | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | 2016 | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | 1,188,968 | 0 | 0 | 670,831 | 2016 | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | Drug: Diethylcarbamazine is drug of choice. Also ivermectin, albendazole, and doxycycline. Preventive chemotherapy | Limited. Diethylcarbamazine has a limited action against adult worms. | None reported | 2 | https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/laboratory-biosafety-biosecurity/pathogen-safety-data-sheets-risk-assessment/brugia-pathogen-safety-data-sheet.html | https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/laboratory-biosafety-biosecurity/pathogen-safety-data-sheets-risk-assessment/brugia-pathogen-safety-data-sheet.html | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
34 | 31 | Malaria (P. falciparum) | parasite | Plasmodium falciparum | 2,000 | 1 µm < 10 µm | 115 | astronomically | ~1 | >3000 | Smith et al 2007: Estimates of the basic reproductive number (R0) ranged from near one to more than 3,000 in a sample of 121 African populations. Median was 115. Johnston et al 2013: For malaria, R0 can be expressed as the product of the vectorial capacity (the number of infectious mosquito bites that result from mosquitoes taking blood meals on a fully infectious human in a single day), the duration of the human infectious period, and the efficiency of transmission from humans to mosquitoes. Previous value of 80 was estimate for Northern Nigeria in 1970s. | http://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.0050042 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3630126/ | https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=HT0--xXBguQC&pg=PA409&lpg=PA409&dq=p+malariae+R0&source=bl&ots=IdheOUXXlg&sig=P2BjZqar0hMywV04BgBfjDyEASw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwijzL6ootDYAhXI1qQKHZrpARwQ6AEIWzAG#v=onepage&q=p%20malariae%20R0&f=false | Can be ultra-contagious because one infected person can be bitten by many mosquitos, who then go on to bite many people each. But contagiousness varies a lot by area: one study (Smith et al 2007) found the R0 of P. falciparum ranged from about 1 to over 3000 in different parts of Africa. | 0.5% | 13,600,000 | 85,900 | 0.63 | 2,720,000,000 | bite | 0 | - | 1 to 10 | infectious dose for unspecified malaria strain | http://www.malariasite.com/malaria/Transmission.htm | 213,098,073 | 0 | 0 | 192,357,286 | 2016, both sexes, all Malaria types | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | 719,551 | 0 | 0 | 643,642 | 2016, All malaria | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | 56,201,233 | 0 | 0 | 51,394,662 | 2016, All malaria | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | http://www.malariajournal.com/content/11/1/19 | http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.0050042 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
35 | X | Malaria (P. malariae) | parasite | Plasmodium malariae | 3,800 | 1 µm < 10 µm | 16 | extremely | Estimate for Northern Nigeria in 1970s | https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=HT0--xXBguQC&pg=PA409&lpg=PA409&dq=p+malariae+R0&source=bl&ots=IdheOUXXlg&sig=P2BjZqar0hMywV04BgBfjDyEASw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwijzL6ootDYAhXI1qQKHZrpARwQ6AEIWzAG#v=onepage&q=p%20malariae%20R0&f=false | 0.5% | 13,600,000 | 85,900 | 0.63 | 2,720,000,000 | bite | 0 | - | 1 to 10 | infectious dose for unspecified malaria strain | http://www.malariasite.com/malaria/Transmission.htm | 213,098,073 | 0 | 0 | 192,357,286 | 2016, both sexes, all Malaria types | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | 719,551 | 0 | 0 | 643,642 | 2016, All malaria | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | 56,201,233 | 0 | 0 | 51,394,662 | 2016, All malaria | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | http://www.malariajournal.com/content/11/1/19 | http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.0050042 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
36 | 32 | Marburg | Marburg haemmorhagic fever | virus | Marburg virus | 1,000 | 1 µm < 10 µm | 1.6 | quite | Angola 2005 epidemic | http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0050948 | 50.0% | http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs_marburg/en/ | 7,150,000 | 50,700 | 0.71 | 14,300,000 | body fluids | to humans from fruit bats, then human-to-human | 4 | In 1967, simultaneous outbreaks in Marburg, Frankfurt (Germany), and Belgrade (Yugoslavia, now Serbia) were reported following the handling of viscera, body fluids, and/or kidney tissue cultures from African green monkeys imported from Uganda | https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/laboratory-biosafety-biosecurity/pathogen-safety-data-sheets-risk-assessment/marburg-virus.html | 1 to 10 | https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/laboratory-biosafety-biosecurity/pathogen-safety-data-sheets-risk-assessment/marburg-virus.html | 6.5 | 3-10 | https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/laboratory-biosafety-biosecurity/pathogen-safety-data-sheets-risk-assessment/marburg-virus.html | Healthcare workers | Uganda, Angola, DRC | http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs_marburg/en/ | None yet proven | NA | NA | 4 | https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/laboratory-biosafety-biosecurity/pathogen-safety-data-sheets-risk-assessment/marburg-virus.html | https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/laboratory-biosafety-biosecurity/pathogen-safety-data-sheets-risk-assessment/marburg-virus.html | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
37 | 33 | Measles | virus | Measles virus | 650 | 100 nm < 1 µm | 15 | extremely | 12 | 18 | 0.3% | 12,800,000 | 26,300 | 0.21 | 4,266,666,667 | airborne | 0.1 | 2 | - | 10,000 | http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/7/16 | 8,955,238 | 668 | 9,404 | 3,064,120 | 2016, both sexes | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | 68,119 | 2 | 10 | 41,610 | 2016 | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | 5,724,752 | 146 | 761 | 3,497,927 | 2016 | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measles | http://www.cdc.gov/measles/about/transmission.html | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
38 | 34 | Meningitis (meningococcal, treated) | Meningococcal disease | bacterium | Neisseria meningitidis | 7,000 | 1 µm < 10 µm | 1.3 | quite | serogroup C meningococci | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3988355/ | 11.5% | If treated. Even when the disease is diagnosed early and adequate treatment is started, 8% to 15% of patients die, often within 24 to 48 hours after the onset of symptoms. | http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs141/en/ | 1,060,000 | 14,000 | 1.3 | 9,217,391 | "meningitis" AND "meningococcal" | airborne, body fluids | person-to-person transmission through respiratory droplets. 1-10% of the population carries N. meningitidis, the bacterium, in their throat at any given time, rising to 10-25% in epidemics. | unknown | https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/laboratory-biosafety-biosecurity/pathogen-safety-data-sheets-risk-assessment/neisseria-meningitidis.html | 4 | 2-10 | http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs141/en/ | 561,372 | 3,239 | 14,528 | 386,716 | 2016, both sexes | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | 127,424 | 370 | 1,618 | 66,043 | 2016 | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | 8,327,140 | 17,379 | 84,781 | 4,652,170 | 2016 | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | Babies, preschool children, young people | The 'meningitis belt' – an area of sub-Saharan Africa stretching from Senegal to Ethiopia | http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs141/en/ | Antibiotics including penicillin, ampicillin and ceftriaxone | Limited. | 2 | https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/laboratory-biosafety-biosecurity/pathogen-safety-data-sheets-risk-assessment/neisseria-meningitidis.html | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
39 | 35 | Meningitis (meningococcal, untreated) | Meningococcal disease | bacterium | Neisseria meningitidis | 7,000 | 1 µm < 10 µm | 1.3 | quite | serogroup C meningococci | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3988355/ | 50.0% | If untreated, meningococcal meningitis is fatal in 50% of cases and may result in brain damage, hearing loss or disability in 10% to 20% of survivors. | http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs141/en/ | 1,060,000 | 14,000 | 1.3 | 2,120,000 | "meningitis" AND "meningococcal" | airborne, body fluids | person-to-person transmission through respiratory droplets. 1-10% of the population carries N. meningitidis, the bacterium, in their throat at any given time, rising to 10-25% in epidemics. | unknown | https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/laboratory-biosafety-biosecurity/pathogen-safety-data-sheets-risk-assessment/neisseria-meningitidis.html | 4 | 2-10 | http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs141/en/ | 561,372 | 3,239 | 14,528 | 386,716 | 2016, both sexes | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | 127,424 | 370 | 1,618 | 66,043 | 2016 | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | 8,327,140 | 17,379 | 84,781 | 4,652,170 | 2016 | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | Babies, preschool children, young people | The 'meningitis belt' – an area of sub-Saharan Africa stretching from Senegal to Ethiopia | http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs141/en/ | Antibiotics including penicillin, ampicillin and ceftriaxone | Limited. | 2 | https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/laboratory-biosafety-biosecurity/pathogen-safety-data-sheets-risk-assessment/neisseria-meningitidis.html | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
40 | 36 | MERS | Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, Camel flu | virus | MERS coronavirus | 127 | 100 nm < 1 µm | 0.5 | not very | 45.0% | 14,500,000 | 287,000 | 2.0 | 32,222,222 | airborne | 2 | 5 | unknown | http://www.ehs.colostate.edu/WOHSP/Illness_Policy_Info_Emergency_Response_Packets/Agent_Fact_Sheets/Middle_East_Respiratory_Syndrome_Virus_Fact_Sheet.pdf | 170 | 0 | 2 | June 2013-June 2014. 209 deaths to 11 June, 2014 minus 38 deaths to 20 June, 2013. http://www.who.int/csr/disease/coronavirus_infections/MERS-CoV_summary_update_20140611.pdf; http://www.who.int/csr/disease/coronavirus_infections/update_20130620/en/ | 2 | Oct 2013-OCt 2014, 1 in Algeria http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/06/10/us-health-mers-algeria-idUSKBN0EL1P820140610; 1 in Egypt (suspected) http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/05/05/us-health-mers-egypt-idUSKBN0DL0BQ20140505. 1 death in Tunisia in April 2013 (not counted here) http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2014/06/report-tunisian-mers-cases-shows-testing-challenges | http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=20590 | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S120197121401491X | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_human_disease_case_fatality_rates | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
41 | 37 | MRSA | Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus | bacterium | Staphylococcus aureus | 1,000 | 1 µm < 10 µm | 1.6 | quite | 0.25 | 3 | 20.0% | 9,270,000 | 14,500 | 0.16 | 46,350,000 | surfaces | 7 | 38 | 42 | 100,000 | https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=9&ved=0CFsQFjAI&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.phac-aspc.gc.ca%2Flab-bio%2Fres%2Fpsds-ftss%2Fstaphylococcus-aureus-eng.php&ei=KSJEVI_mCqPg7QaIooDgBg&usg=AFQjCNG5JOHXYqZwCmKvVZ8zVdxFT69ROg&sig2=47gsLPgoNtv49wVRWGlUqA | 100,000 | - | 11,000 | - | - | - | - | http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/lab-bio/res/psds-ftss/staphylococcus-aureus-eng.php | http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/crdweb/ShowRecord.asp?ID=22010001059#.VDeZP9R4q5w | http://www.medicinenet.com/mrsa_infection/page7.htm | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
42 | 38 | Mumps | virus | Mumps rubulavirus | 200 | 100 nm < 1 µm | 13 | extremely | 11 | 14 | 1.0% | 5,830,000 | 8,860 | 0.15 | 583,000,000 | airborne | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | http://www.health.gov.au/internet/immunise/publishing.nsf/content/handbook10-4-11 | http://ocw.jhsph.edu/courses/publichealthbiology/PDFs/Lecture2.pdf | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
43 | 39 | Norovirus | Norwalk virus | virus | Noroviruses, various serotypes | 31 | <100 nm | 2 | quite | 0.0% | 3,010,000 | 27,400 | 0.91 | 30,100,000,000 | fecal-oral, surfaces | 12 | 28 | less than 10 | https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/laboratory-biosafety-biosecurity/pathogen-safety-data-sheets-risk-assessment/norovirus-pathogen-safety-data-sheet.html | 1.375 | 150,000 | 690 | 60,000 | est. for all caliciviruses, 9.9% of deaths from diarrhea among children under 5 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3762858/#!po=34.3750, applied to 1,497,724 total global deaths from diarrhea, incl. adults (2012, WHO GBD). another estimate: 218,000 child deaths / year. http://www.ghjournal.org/the-epidemiology-of-noroviruses-in-ghana-a-case-study-of-norovirus-detection/ | 59,669 | 602,717 deaths in Africa from diarrhea in 2012 (WHO GBD 2014). 9.9% of child diarrhea deaths from caliciviruses (incl. norovirus). http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3762858/ | http://www.cdc.gov/hicpac/norovirus/tables/evidence-table-q3-ron.html | http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/19/8/13-0472-t3 | https://www.cdc.gov/hai/pdfs/norovirus/229110-ANoroCaseFactSheet508.pdf | http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/19/8/13-0465_article | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
44 | 40 | Pneumonia (pneumococcal) | bacterium | Streptococcus pneumoniae | 875 | 100 nm < 1 µm | 2 | quite | 1.9 | 3.7 | Pneumococcal disease, Finnish model: the basic reproduction number is 2.0 (range of plausible values 1.9–3.7) | http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0056079 | 7.5% | Mortality rate of pneumococcal pneumonia is 5 – 10% despite antimicrobial treatment | https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/laboratory-biosafety-biosecurity/pathogen-safety-data-sheets-risk-assessment/streptococcus-pneumoniae.html | 35,400,000 | 598,000 | 1.7 | 472,000,000 | airborne, body fluids | coughing, sneezing, kissing | 2 | 1-3, speculated | https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/laboratory-biosafety-biosecurity/pathogen-safety-data-sheets-risk-assessment/streptococcus-pneumoniae.html | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
45 | 41 | Pneumonic plague (untreated) | Black Death | bacterium | Yersinia pestis | 1,500 | 1 µm < 10 µm | 3.2 | very | 100.0% | https://www.aabb.org/tm/eid/Documents/212s.pdf | 312,000 | 410 | 0.13 | 312,000 | airborne | 3 | 72 | 100 | 10,000,000,000 | http://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Yersinia_pseudotuberculosis_infection | 3 | 1-4 | https://www.aabb.org/tm/eid/Documents/212s.pdf | - | 0 | - | - | - | - | http://www.researchgate.net/publication/6993284_Transmission_potential_of_primary_pneumonic_plague_time_inhomogeneous_evaluation_based_on_historical_documents_of_the_transmission_network | http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdfs/plague.pdf | https://public.health.oregon.gov/DiseasesConditions/CommunicableDisease/ReportingCommunicableDisease/ReportingGuidelines/Documents/plague.pdf | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
46 | 42 | Polio | virus | Poliovirus | 30 | <100 nm | 6 | highly | 5 | 7 | 22.0% | 20,300,000 | 50,000 | 0.25 | 92,272,727 | fecal-oral | 3 | 20 | 0 | 15 | 416 cases in 2013, http://www.polioeradication.org/dataandmonitoring/poliothisweek.aspx assuming case fatality rate of 5%, rounded to nearest 5 | 14 | 274 cases in Africa in 2013, http://www.polioeradication.org/dataandmonitoring/poliothisweek.aspx, assuming case fatality rate of 5%, rounded to nearest 5 | http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.ppat.1002512 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
47 | 43 | Rabies (treated) | virus | Lyssaviruses, various species | 180 | 100 nm < 1 µm | 1.6 | quite | 1.2 | 2 | 1.0% | 13,600,000 | 34,200 | 0.25 | 1,360,000,000 | bite | 0 | - | deaths due to vaccine complications (not sure what this means DM) | unknown | 13,340 | 5 | 5 | 5,718 | 2016, both sexes, all Rabies | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | 13,289 | 5 | 5 | 5,677 | 2016, All rabies | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | 744,246 | 228 | 200 | 377,224 | 2016, All rabies | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | Asia and Africa. India has the highest rate of human rabies in the world, primarily because of stray dogs,[83] whose number has greatly increased since a 2001 law forbade the killing of dogs.[84] Effective control and treatment of rabies in India is also hindered by a form of mass hysteria known as puppy pregnancy syndrome (PPS). Dog bite victims with PPS (both male and female) become convinced that puppies are growing inside them, and often seek help from faith healers rather than from conventional medical services.[85] An estimated 20,000 people die every year from rabies in India — more than a third of the global toll.[84] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabies | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puppy_pregnancy_syndrome | Vaccine, washing the wound | Vaccine given before onset of symptoms is 100% effective | https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/jeanna-giese-rabies-survivor/ | http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=TRyXTLXNA2YC&pg=PA662&lpg=PA662&dq=rabies+%22fatality+rate%22+vaccinated&source=bl&ots=sZQ1wRKW68&sig=Cd7arUDNIjuxRgSWLpLfaJHupPI&hl=en&sa=X&ei=zks-VPOGBoKS7AaQ0YCAAw&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=rabies%20%22fatality%20rate%22%20vaccinated&f=false | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
48 | 44 | Rabies (untreated) | virus | Lyssaviruses, various species | 180 | 100 nm < 1 µm | 1.6 | quite | 1.2 | 2 | 100.0% | 13,600,000 | 34,200 | 0.25 | 13,600,000 | bite | 0 | - | unknown | https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=20&ved=0CK0BEBYwEw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.phac-aspc.gc.ca%2Flab-bio%2Fres%2Fpsds-ftss%2Frab-eng.php&ei=KSJEVI_mCqPg7QaIooDgBg&usg=AFQjCNGZx7rlokxJlDVWP2WN6zhrTBqjfw&sig2=k7X40YGQV2VTtm7e94Pq7w | 13,340 | 5 | 5 | 5,718 | 2016, both sexes, all Rabies | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | 13,289 | 5 | 5 | 5,677 | 2016, All rabies | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | 744,246 | 228 | 200 | 377,224 | 2016, All rabies | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | Asia and Africa. India has the highest rate of human rabies in the world, primarily because of stray dogs,[83] whose number has greatly increased since a 2001 law forbade the killing of dogs.[84] Effective control and treatment of rabies in India is also hindered by a form of mass hysteria known as puppy pregnancy syndrome (PPS). Dog bite victims with PPS (both male and female) become convinced that puppies are growing inside them, and often seek help from faith healers rather than from conventional medical services.[85] An estimated 20,000 people die every year from rabies in India — more than a third of the global toll.[84] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabies | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puppy_pregnancy_syndrome | Vaccine, washing the wound | Vaccine given before onset of symptoms is 100% effective | https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/jeanna-giese-rabies-survivor/ | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_human_disease_case_fatality_rates | http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/lab-bio/res/psds-ftss/rab-eng.php | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
49 | 45 | Rotavirus | virus | Rotaviruses, various species | 80 | <100 nm | 18 | extremely | 0.0% | mostly causes death in children & infants | 3,500,000 | 7,330 | 0.21 | #DIV/0! | fecal-oral | 7 | 60 | <100 | http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/surv-manual/chpt13-rotavirus.html | 450,000 | - | 230,000 | 2008. children <5 http://www.cdc.gov/rotavirus/surveillance.html http://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/articles/rotavirus | 232,000 | 2008. http://www.path.org/publications/files/VAD_rotavirus_africa_fs.pdf | http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0042320#pone-0042320-t003 | http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/20/1/13-0019_article | http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/lab-bio/res/psds-ftss/rotavirus-eng.php | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
50 | X | Rubella | German measles | virus | Rubella virus | 60 | <100 nm | 6 | highly | 5 | 7 | 0.0% | 5,990,000 | 9,000 | 0.15 | #DIV/0! | airborne | 10-60 | http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/lab-bio/res/psds-ftss/rub-eng.php | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
51 | 46 | Salmonella | bacterium | Salmonella enterica | 3,500 | 1 µm < 10 µm | 0.8 | not very | 1.0% | 17,400,000 | 25,100 | 0.14 | 1,740,000,000 | food | 0.6 | 90 | wet swine faeces, one strain can survive for 6 years on rubber & concrete! | 100 | http://www.cdc.gov/biosafety/publications/bmbl5/BMBL5_sect_VIII_a.pdf | 115,000 | 28 | 4,100 | http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2014/chapter-3-infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/salmonellosis-nontyphoidal | 4,100 | 2006 estimate. global estimate in this paper is 155,000. http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/50/6/882/F2.expansion.html | http://www.nhs.uk/chq/Pages/how-long-do-bacteria-and-viruses-live-outside-the-body.aspx | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002555641300148X | http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/198/1/109.long | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
52 | 47 | SARS | virus | SARS coronavirus | 115 | 100 nm < 1 µm | 2.4 | quite | 1.2 | 3.6 | 9.6% | 5,670,000 | 34,300 | 0.60 | 59,062,500 | airborne | 1 | 7 | respiratory secretions | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | since 2004, no new cases anywhere in world. http://www.cdc.gov/sars/media/ | 0 | http://www.cdc.gov/sars/media/ | http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/11/8/pdfs/04-0449.pdf | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_reproduction_number | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
53 | 48 | Scarlet fever | bacterium | Group A streptococcus: Streptococcus pyogenes and streptococcus dysgalactiae | 2,000 | 1 µm < 10 µm | 2.8 | quite | 5 | 7 | 0.5% | 2,290,000 | 5,210 | 0.23 | 458,000,000 | body fluids | unknown | http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/lab-bio/res/psds-ftss/strep-pyogenes-eng.php | - | 3 | - | - | - | - | http://www.emedicinehealth.com/scarlet_fever/page10_em.htm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
54 | 49 | Schistosomiasis | Snail fever, Bilharzia | parasite | Parasitic flatworms called schistosomes | 15,000,000 | > 1 mm | 3.1 | very | 2.39 | 3.75 | Mali, Schistosoma spp. | http://www.pnas.org/content/94/1/338.full.pdf | 1,640,000 | 1,370 | 0.08 | #DIV/0! | waterborne | Parasites infect freshwater snails | 71,385,410 | 0 | 0 | 64,713,882 | 2016, both sexes | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | 10,095 | 0 | 0 | 8,709 | 2016 | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | 1,863,610 | 0 | 0 | 1,656,672 | 2016 | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | Tropical and subtropical areas of Africa, Asia, South America. 92% of those requiring treatment live in Africa. | http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs115/en/ | https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/laboratory-biosafety-biosecurity/pathogen-safety-data-sheets-risk-assessment/schistosoma-pathogen-safety-data-sheet.html | https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/laboratory-biosafety-biosecurity/pathogen-safety-data-sheets-risk-assessment/schistosoma-pathogen-safety-data-sheet.html | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
55 | 50 | Shigellosis | bacterium | Shigella, various species | 2,000 | 1 µm < 10 µm | 1.5 | quite | US, disease is underreported | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24008913 | 653,000 | 4,510 | 0.69 | #DIV/0! | 1 - intramuscular | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
56 | 51 | Sleeping sickness | African trypanosomiasis | parasite | Trypanosoma brucei gambiense or T. brucei rhodesiense | 23,500 | 10 µm < 100 µm | 0.8 | not very | 0.423 | 1.218 | 0.423 median R0 estimate for T. b. gambiense, 1.218 median R0 estimate for T. b. rhodiesiense. Can vary widely | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3282146/ | 3,600,000 | 41,500 | 1.2 | #DIV/0! | bite | tsetse fly | 4,966 | 0 | 0 | 4,966 | 2016, both sexes, African trypanosomiasis | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | 2,286 | 0 | 0 | 2,286 | 2016, African trypanosomiasis | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | 128,442 | 0 | 0 | 128,442 | 2016, African trypanosomiasis | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | http://www.who.int/features/qa/52/en/ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
57 | 52 | Smallpox | Variola virus | virus | Variola virus | 275 | 100 nm < 1 µm | 6 | highly | 5 | 7 | 15.0% | 2,370,000 | 753 | 0.03 | 15,800,000 | airborne | 1 | http://www.absa.org/abj/abj/040903nicas.pdf | 0 | 0 | 0 | eradicated | 0 | eradicated | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
58 | 53 | Syphilis (untreated) | bacterium | Treponema pallidum | 10,500 | 10 µm < 100 µm | 0.9 | not very | 33.0% | 10,300,000 | 363 | 0.004 | 31,212,121 | sexual contact | 11 | - | our calcs | 57 | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1360276/ | 38,838,005 | 309,042 | 1,658,911 | 15,095,646 | 2016, both sexes, all Syphilis | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | 109,569 | 72 | 179 | 81,328 | 2016, All syphilis | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | 9,415,746 | 13,559 | 34,014 | 6,938,342 | 2016, All syphilis | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syphilis | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2476079/?page=1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
59 | 54 | Tuberculosis (untreated) | bacterium | Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 3,000 | 1 µm < 10 µm | 10 | extremely | 1.4 | 10 | 60.0% | 13,500,000 | 84,300 | 0.62 | 22,500,000 | airborne | 60 | 120 | wood, faeces | <10 | https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=13&ved=0CHkQFjAM&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.phac-aspc.gc.ca%2Flab-bio%2Fres%2Fpsds-ftss%2Ftuber-eng.php&ei=KSJEVI_mCqPg7QaIooDgBg&usg=AFQjCNFifPMWHqE30pqhPTge6aPlMeTVug&sig2=om5rubwGRsmTwETKmR05oA | 10 | 9,019,296 | 10,760 | 186,537 | 2,305,894 | 2016, both sexes | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | 1,213,057 | 956 | 23,435 | 421,376 | 2016, All tuberculosis | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | 43,557,934 | 21,580 | 806,697 | 16,473,031 | 2016, All tuberculosis | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberculosis | http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/lab-bio/res/psds-ftss/tuber-eng.php | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
60 | 55 | Typhoid | bacterium | Salmonella enterica, serotype Typhi | 3,500 | 1 µm < 10 µm | 2.8 | quite | 20.0% | fatality: 1-4% if treated | 8,870,000 | 7,030 | 0.08 | 44,350,000 | fecal-oral | 100,000 | http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/lab-bio/res/psds-ftss/salmonella-ent-eng.php | 11,773,879 | 1,307 | 1,879 | 1,485,406 | 2016, both sexes | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | 128,175 | 9 | 12 | 19,246 | 2016 | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | 8,843,034 | 339 | 517 | 1,396,234 | 2016 | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | Antibiotics such as Ciprofloxacin | Resistant strains have been discovered | https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Salmonella_enterica_serovar_Typhi | http://www.plosntds.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pntd.0002642 | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3484760/ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
61 | 56 | vCJD | Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease | prion | Misfolded PRNP (prion protein) | varies | varies | 0.7 | not very | 0.001 | 1.35 | Hypothetical R0 via blood transfusion transmission, UK | Controversy about beef, not very transmissable via blood transfusion even without safeguards. | 100.0% | Always fatal, death usually within one year of onset | https://www.cdc.gov/prions/vcjd/about.html | 326,000 | 6,380 | 2.0 | 326,000 | several years | incredibly resilient, resistant to all common disinfectants & alcohols, immersion of undiluted bleach for 1 hour is only partially effective, Resistant to ultraviolet and ionizing radiation, ultrasonication, nucleases, boiling, heat; autoclaving - 15 to 30 min at 121·C or 132·C will not effectively inactivate pathogen, 1 hour at 132·C is recommended), only sodium hydroxide for 1 hour is effective | 450-730 | 3 | https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/laboratory-biosafety-biosecurity/pathogen-safety-data-sheets-risk-assessment/creutzfeldt-jakob-agent-kuru-agent.html | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
62 | 57 | West Nile fever | virus | West Nile virus | 50 | <100 nm | 9 | highly | 2,590,000 | 22,900 | 0.88 | #DIV/0! | bite | mosquitoes, ticks. human-to-human transmission can occur via infected breast milk, organ transplantation, blood transfusion, and via vertical transmission (from mother to child during pregnancy) | 4 | 2-14 | 3 | https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/laboratory-biosafety-biosecurity/pathogen-safety-data-sheets-risk-assessment/west-nile-virus.html | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
63 | 58 | Whooping cough | Pertussis | bacterium | Bordetella pertussis | 800 | 100 nm < 1 µm | 15 | extremely | 12 | 17 | 4.0% | death rate in infants | 4,500,000 | 3,240 | 0.07 | 112,500,000 | airborne | coughs and sneezes | <100 | https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=23&ved=0CMUBEBYwFg&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.phac-aspc.gc.ca%2Flab-bio%2Fres%2Fpsds-ftss%2Fbordetella-pertussis-eng.php&ei=KSJEVI_mCqPg7QaIooDgBg&usg=AFQjCNFEMnwoU5HbhHgLtrfXp7JJxY6zfA&sig2=t9soKF3TSHfUWcMOLbNnRQ | 200 | 9-10 | 6-20 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordetella_pertussis#cite_note-1 | http://www.jove.com/visualize/abstract/24227794/resident-microbiota-affect-bordetella-pertussis-infectious-dose-host | 11,627,370 | 172,444 | 398,251 | 4,864,130 | 2016, both sexes | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | 73,006 | 23 | 43 | 47,245 | 2016 | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | 6,249,857 | 3,020 | 6,249 | 4,032,759 | 2016 | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | http://www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/burden/vpd/surveillance_type/passive/pertussis_standards/en/ | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_reproduction_number | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
64 | 59 | Yellow fever | virus | Yellow fever virus | 50 | <100 nm | 3 | very | calced | 7.5% | Those suffering from acute illness. WHO: 'Although most infections are asymptomatic, some lead to an acute illness characterized by two phases. Initially, there is fever, muscular pain, headache, chills, anorexia, nausea and/or vomiting, often with bradycardia. About 15% of patients progress to a second phase after a few days, with resurgence of fever, development of jaundice, abdominal pain, vomiting and haemorrhagic manifestations; up to half of these patients die 10–14 days after the onset of illness.' Canada.ca: 'The case fatality rate of patients who develop hepatic and renal failure is 20 to nearly 50 %' | http://www.who.int/ith/diseases/yf/en/ | 7,450,000 | 5,090 | 0.07 | 99,333,333 | bite | mosquito | survives best at low temperatures below -60°F | https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/laboratory-biosafety-biosecurity/pathogen-safety-data-sheets-risk-assessment/yellow-fever-virus.html | unknown | https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/laboratory-biosafety-biosecurity/pathogen-safety-data-sheets-risk-assessment/yellow-fever-virus.html | 5 | 3-6 | http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs100/en/ | 112,384 | 0 | 0 | 109,357 | 2016, both sexes | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | 5,799 | 0 | 0 | 5,657 | 2016 | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | 374,015 | 0 | 0 | 365,802 | 2016 | http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool | Tropical regions of Africa and South America | http://www.who.int/ith/diseases/yf/en/ | No anti-viral drug available, but treatment for symptoms of dehydration, liver and kidney failure improves outcomes | - | 3 | http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs100/en/ | https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/laboratory-biosafety-biosecurity/pathogen-safety-data-sheets-risk-assessment/yellow-fever-virus.html | http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-89102003000400013 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
65 | 60 | Zika | Zika virus disease | virus | Zika virus | 40 | <100 nm | 4 | very | 1.8 | 6.6 | Various R0 estimates: 3.8 Barranquila, Colombia, 2015. 2.33 Rio de Janeiro, 2016. 4.3-5.8 Yap Island, 2007. 1.8-2.0 French Polynesia, 2013-14. Colombia 3, 3.9, and 6.6. | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27846442 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28240195 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26923081 | 10,400,000 | 502,000 | 4.8 | #DIV/0! | bite, sexual contact | mosquito | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
66 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
67 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
68 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
69 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
70 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
71 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
72 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
73 |