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NAMECHARACTERTIMEFRAME STARTTIMEFRAME END
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KoKor2.8 and 2.3 million years ago
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PeloitikumLOWERAustralopithecus2.8 and 2.3 million year ago
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Homo habilis - tool makerThe last 450 000 years' temperature changes based on data analysis from Antartica research facility- (EPICA, Vostok) . However, from the graph the intergaciar and ice age periods timespam cannot be accertained, because Antartica's cycles did not follow the rest of globe.
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 Homo erectus - fire guarding, stone tools- but not a single tool for hunting
?
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MIDDLEhomo sapiens
kb. BC 160 000 – BC 60 000
35 000 years agolanguage family formations, about.
BC 60 000 –
BC 10 000		: BiberDuna
glaciális		Günz Mindel Riss- 
glaciális		Würm
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UPPERhomo sapiens/ neanderthal coexistence
small stone razors
cave drawings (willendorfi vénusz- BC 24-22 000)		35 000 years ago 30 000 years agoBC. 110 000pathogens emerging with spread of domesticated animals and humans
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pleisztocén megafauna extinction
cave bears, cave lions, woolly mammoth, woolly rhyno , giant deer extictions		 R. B. Firestone et al.: Evidence of low density planetary body explosion above North America about 12900 years ago and debree impact. http://www.pnas.org/ [Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences], March 13. 2007.
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Mezolitikumholocen11 500 years agoBC 8-6. millenia
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agriculture and animal husbandry
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Neolitikumsmooth stone tools
Ceramics (air dried --> kiln use)
Writing- China- Jiahu symbols BC 6600
Danube script- 6th to 5th millennium BC
Tartaria tablets- BC 5300

BC 7000 BC 4500
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5000 BC Yamnaya exodus to East and Westvinka vessle
tartaria tablets
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AntiquityCopperSzrednyij Sztog-culture -URAL (horse/ agriculture)BC 4900BC. 3500
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Vučedoli culture- greater CARPATH Basin BC 4900BC 3500
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HORSE Domestication at the Ural Mountains
(chariot burrial) However, carbon dating showed Ukraine finds to be way younger than intially thought (4000BC) only placing them around 700-200 BC while Botai region seems to have horse remains dating to 2000 BC. Horse as meat/milk (?) not as transport more likely though.		BC 4000https://theroadgivesback.wordpress.com/2013/09/19/100-finnishvolga-ural/https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-86832-9Major movement 4000BC acorss EU and Asia- possible indication of use of horse
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BronzeBotaji culture- URAL (domesticated horse)BC. 3500https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-86832-9
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Afanaszjevo culture- ALTAI



BC 3500



BC 1500



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Baden-péceli culture - CARPATHIANS
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BC 3200
Grain routes--> Silk road (?)
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"Officially" Silkroad (130 BC)
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bronzefirst Kaukazus, then south east asia ( BC 2100 Xia-dinasztia) then Anatolia (Turkey)
Needed vast commerce for different ores. (Egypt/ middle east)

Karpath Basin BC 2500 (see Erdely pix- F13)

Nagy-Britanniában a bronzkor körülbelül BC 2100 és BC 700 közé tehető. A népvándorlás során a kontinensről új népek jutottak el a szigetekre. A Stonehenge körüli kora bronzkori temetők csontvázain végzett legújabb izotópos fogzománckutatások azt mutatják, hogy a bevándorlók közül néhány a mai Svájc területéről jött. (A harangedényes kultúrabol/ Bell-Beaker culture)

WRTING:
Egypt/ Sumerian- start around BC 3400-3200
coherent text from BC 2600.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undeciphered_writing_systems		 BC 3500






BC 1200






Bronze is an alloy consisting primarily of copper, commonly with about 12–12.5% tin and often with the addition of other metals (such as aluminum, manganese, nickel or zinc) and sometimes non-metals or metalloids such as arsenic, phosphorus or silicon.

It has been claimed that tin was first mined in Europe around 2500 BC in the Erzgebirge. (Germany)
In Asia, ancBCnt tin mines have been discovered in East Kazakhstan ​(~2nd millennium BC) and West Central Iran​ near Deh Hosein. The latter is a huge copper / tin / gold deposit whose workings have also been dated to the mid 2nd millennium BC.
The first evidence of tin use for making bronze appears in the Near East and the Balkans around 3000 BC
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Second wave of European migration into Asia. Andronovo culture during late Bronze Age and early Iron Age, replacing Afanasevo (first wave from Yamnaya culture in 5000BC). --> Tarim basin mummies= European originBC 2200BC 1000
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Iron ageBC 1200-900BC550-800 ADPazyryk culture (Siberian Scythians of the Iron Age period)
Much of what is known about the Pazyryk is based on artifacts and frozen mummies found in Pazyryk tombs. The bodies Pazyryk mummies were gutted and scraped clean of muscle before they were wrapped. The skull was split open so the brain could be removed and the remains were embalmed with aromatic herbs, grasses and wool and the skin was sewn back together.
The tomb that yielded the world's oldest carpet was found in 1949 in southern Siberia. Inside were two tattooed mummBCs. One belonging the man thought to be a chief and another man. In 1991, a Russian team of archaeologists found a man and woman, belBCved to be a husband and wife, near Ukok. Both were wearing armor but the bodies had been reduced to skeletons. The shape of wooden Altai-Paryzyk (500 B.C. to 100) tombs is almost identical with Korean tombs from the Silla Kingdom (57 B.C. to 935)
All the burial monuments of the Pazyryk Culture have the same general structure: the diameter of stone mounds range from 25 to 50 meters, the height above the ground is measured from 2 to 4 meters, the depth of the grave pit is up to 7 meters, the total area of the grave pits is from 25 to 50 square meters. Inside the burial pit there was placed a funerary chamber made of hewed logs with double walls and double ceiling, at the southern wall was placed a wooden sarcophagus up to 5 meters, carved from a thick larch and closed with a slotted lid. Perfectly preserved funeraryconstructions, made from a log cabin testify ancient skills of home construction.
https://factsanddetails.com/asian/cat65/sub422/entry-7113.html
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Scythian population base in western Pontic-Caspian steppe than in Sarmatians of the southern Urals..
Sarmatians studied here seem to have remained genetically uniform through an approximately 300- to 500-year time span. This might suggest the genetic continuity of Sarmatians in the southern Urals despite a distinct cultural shift.
https://www.scBCnce.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.aat4457
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 210 BC50 BCXiongnu tribes and migration directions
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500AD500AD
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