| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | |
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1 | Word | Translation to English | Location | Origin | Roots and Related Words | Link | ||||||||||||||||||||
2 | akeperss (a keperss) | goats | f5v | Latin | From Middle Dutch keper, from Latin capreus, capreō, from caper (“male goat”), the same metonymy as modern Dutch bok. Cognate with Middle High German kepfer, French chevron. | http://voynichbirths.blogspot.com/2015/10/a-page-of-voynich-translated-f5v.html | ||||||||||||||||||||
3 | alem | low | f5v | Finno-Ugric | ala- (comparative alempi, superlative alin); under-, sub-, lower, nether; inferior. From Proto-Finnic *ala, from Proto-Uralic *ëla. Cognate with Estonian ala-, Hungarian alatt, and Veps alle. | http://voynichbirths.blogspot.com/2015/10/a-page-of-voynich-translated-f5v.html | ||||||||||||||||||||
4 | alkei | basic, elemental, fundamental, rudimentary | f66r | Finno-Ugric | alku (“beginning”) alkeet (“rudiments”) | http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-FupKlRfAq_0/VLFOReq9OYI/AAAAAAAADzg/Fd8qIing0_g/s1600/Spells%2BPage.png | ||||||||||||||||||||
5 | alkeisa | a chemical base/foundation | Finno-Ugric | alku (“beginning”); alkeet (“rudiments”) | http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-7zVVS8yJ9xc/VKonJnY93EI/AAAAAAAADtg/x-GOBVsdCNs/s1600/Alkeisa.png | |||||||||||||||||||||
6 | aller/alla | all | f5v, f3v | Old Norse | From Old Norse allr; From Proto-Germanic *allaz (“all”), from Proto-Indo-European *al- (“all”). Cognate with Old English eall, Old Frisian all, Old Saxon al, Old Dutch al, ol, Old High German al, Gothic 𐌰𐌻𐌻𐍃 (alls). From Middle English all, from Old English eall (“all, every, entire, whole, universal”), from Proto-Germanic *allaz (“all, whole, every”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (“all”). Cognate with West Frisian al (“all”), Dutch al (“all”), German all (“all”), Swedish all(“all”), Icelandic allur (“all”), Welsh oll (“all”), Irish uile (“all”), Lithuanian aliái (“all, each, every”), Albanian lloj (“type, sort, variegated”). | http://voynichbirths.blogspot.com/2015/10/a-page-of-voynich-translated-f5v.html | ||||||||||||||||||||
7 | alom | dream | n107 | Finno-Ugric | adema/omo | https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-bknCNaBiQoY/VroKXidr6HI/AAAAAAAAG2E/4yMARZ2As54/s1600/alom.png | ||||||||||||||||||||
8 | apai | aunt | Finno-Ugric | Apaiis is aunt in Udmurt (Zyrian/Votyak). | http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-8yft7LIX2Ms/U690BZ-r5tI/AAAAAAAADAo/7FBsBN9EmuE/s1600/apai.png | |||||||||||||||||||||
9 | Asklys | Aksay | Rosette Map | Place Name | Aksay, Rostov Oblast, Russia | http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ZlF10AgYBDo/VlEVXDY02pI/AAAAAAAAGXA/hNf6Bpcimlc/s1600/Askay.jpg | ||||||||||||||||||||
10 | apesa | spike lavender | f89r1 | Norman | aspi m (plural aspis) (Jersey) spike lavender, French lavender | https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-uTQThWmiVOo/WIDyqnTls1I/AAAAAAAAI0g/HYePcbfGoDAe1brZxlLiBsDjCi7-tuTKACLcB/s1600/aspesa.jpg | ||||||||||||||||||||
11 | Au zov | Azov | Rosette Map | Place Name | Azov, Rostov Oblast, Russia | http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-VfSV7j0Mp8c/VlEVXHf0tWI/AAAAAAAAGW8/tcoTPeQydxY/s1600/Auzov.jpg | ||||||||||||||||||||
12 | da | when | f5v | Old Norse | From Old Norse þá and þó (adverb); and Old Norse þá er (when, conjunction), and German da (because, conjunction) | http://voynichbirths.blogspot.com/2015/10/a-page-of-voynich-translated-f5v.html | ||||||||||||||||||||
13 | eitom | move, go | f83r | Baltic-Germanic | Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey- (imperfective). Akin to Lithuanian: eĩti, Latvian: iet, Latin: eō , *h₁éy-tr̥ ~ *h₁i-tén- (r/n-stem), Albanian: *eika, Germanic: *ijjē, *ijjēdun (past tense of *gāną, *ganganą), Old English: ēode, ēodon | http://2.bp.blogspot.com/--lmljlDznKk/Vi7DMqZbQYI/AAAAAAAAE8k/kiuXDDG8kfY/s1600/melt_edited.jpg | ||||||||||||||||||||
14 | ekepker | caps (plural) | f2v (Quire 1) | Slavic | From Slavic ке́пка, Serbo-Croatian kȁpa (ка̏па), From Middle High German kappe, from Old High German kappa, from Latin cappa. Akin to English cap, yet note the making of a Norse plural by adding "er." | http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-JrEuBscbBeI/VIx8XyGIPuI/AAAAAAAADoY/SjDR-J4Sh7k/s1600/Kepka.png | ||||||||||||||||||||
15 | el | ? | f5v | http://voynichbirths.blogspot.com/2015/10/a-page-of-voynich-translated-f5v.html | ||||||||||||||||||||||
16 | elareses | for the thighs | f98v | Old Norse | From Old Swedish lar, from Old Norse lær, from Proto-Germanic *lahwaz. lår n (definite singular låret, indefinite plural lår, definite plural låra) | |||||||||||||||||||||
17 | elei | gesture/sign | f5v | Finno-Ugric | From Finnish ele meaning gesture | http://voynichbirths.blogspot.com/2015/10/a-page-of-voynich-translated-f5v.html | ||||||||||||||||||||
18 | Elek usa ta | Elek: we have use of | Rosette Map | Place Name | Elek, Hungary; Usa - Perfect participle of ūtor (“make use of”). Ta: have/hold - From Old Norse taka, from Proto-Germanic *tēkaną (“to touch”), from Proto-Indo-European *deh₁g-, *dh₁g- (“to touch”). ta (imperative ta, present tense tar, passive tas, simple past tok, past participle tatt) | https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-RDHkD9e6OH4/V6-2ZkqgskI/AAAAAAAAIC8/p_8XufhXVpwKW8rPpwsAOomET_AlDODFACLcB/s1600/elekusata.png | ||||||||||||||||||||
19 | elkalom | animals | f5v | Old Norse | From Old Norse elgr, from Proto-Germanic *elh-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁el- (“red, brown”). | http://voynichbirths.blogspot.com/2015/10/a-page-of-voynich-translated-f5v.html | ||||||||||||||||||||
20 | elker | elks | f5v | Old Norse | From Middle English *elk, from Old English eolc, eolh (“elk”), from Proto-Germanic *elhaz, *algiz (“elk”) (compare Low German Elk, German Elch, Swedish älg), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁élḱis, *h₁ólḱis (compare Polish łoś, Russian лось (losʹ), Sanskrit ऋष्य (ṛśya, “antelope”), variant of *h₁elh₁én (compare German Elen, Tocharian A/B yäl/ylem ‘gazelle’, Lithuanian élnis ‘stag’, Armenian եղնիկ (ełnik) ‘doe, hind’). | http://voynichbirths.blogspot.com/2015/10/a-page-of-voynich-translated-f5v.html | ||||||||||||||||||||
21 | eller | or | f3v | Old Norse | From Old Norse ella, ellar, from Proto-Germanic *aljaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ályos. | http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-59mDPo0FqOI/Vjg8Th7PTnI/AAAAAAAAFlo/vYt72nGo6oo/s1600/swedish.png | ||||||||||||||||||||
22 | elom | life | f5v | Finno-Ugric | elu | http://voynichbirths.blogspot.com/2015/10/a-page-of-voynich-translated-f5v.html | ||||||||||||||||||||
23 | eluksa | life (future) | f77v | Finno-Ugric | elu | http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-F1HjjChfsAs/VIchYormX3I/AAAAAAAADmk/qyxs6_cYOys/s1600/Elu.png | ||||||||||||||||||||
24 | elusa | life (present) | f77v | Finno-Ugric | elu | http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-F1HjjChfsAs/VIchYormX3I/AAAAAAAADmk/qyxs6_cYOys/s1600/Elu.png | ||||||||||||||||||||
25 | elusoi | life (past) | f77v | Finno-Ugric | elu | http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-F1HjjChfsAs/VIchYormX3I/AAAAAAAADmk/qyxs6_cYOys/s1600/Elu.png | ||||||||||||||||||||
26 | ep/epe/op/ope | up, upper, on | Rosette Map | Old Norse | From Proto-Germanic *upp (“up”). Cognate with Old English upp, Old Frisian up, Old Saxon up, Old High German ūf, Gothic 𐌹𐌿𐍀 (iup). Danish: op, opad; Faroese: upp; Icelandic: upp; Norwegian: opp; Swedish: upp, uppåt - the word occurs very often before a place name as part of it | |||||||||||||||||||||
27 | epais | chubby | Latin/French | Epais is French for chubby | https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-451_zBEx79E/V7txaR27dUI/AAAAAAAAIFI/8HTprZt8WMk4iCUEo-O5-jZyLPnSz3t0ACLcB/s1600/Epais%2B-%2BFrench%2Bfor%2Bfat.png | |||||||||||||||||||||
28 | eparlasai | fixative for liver of sulfur | Latin/Greek, Old Norse | Latin & Greek Epar/Hepar (liver); Old Norse láss, from Proto-Germanic *lamsaz (lock). Liver of sulfur was once used in pharmaceutical preparations such as “white lotion.” At one time sulfurated potash was used to combat arthritis. It eventually fell into disfavor for medical purposes because sulfides and polysulfides are toxic. | http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2svMY1H9jt0/VKoniAiLk5I/AAAAAAAADt4/rn5uDarPmlg/s1600/eparlasai.png | |||||||||||||||||||||
29 | Epov ov | Eupatoria | Rosette Map | Place Name | Yevpatoria, From Ancient Greek Ευπατορία (Eupatoría) via Russian Евпато́рия (Jevpatórija). Ov could be Norse "oy" for island. | http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-phUxddtkqq4/VlEVXfwm0vI/AAAAAAAAGXE/zeXzdjQhnmw/s1600/Eupatoria.jpg | ||||||||||||||||||||
30 | erorei | route for travel over land | rosette map | Finno-Ugric | erä + reitti, eräreitti - trail | http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-TD9vySZl0dc/VjeI7E7F22I/AAAAAAAAFT8/WmtqUeGVJzw/s1600/erarei_edited.jpg | ||||||||||||||||||||
31 | esaikkaisa | superb, magical | f23r | Finno-Ugric | Old spelling of the Sami word Isogaisa meaning superb. | http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-282FZbBv7dY/U3VQegF15CI/AAAAAAAACOE/tzVigOBd5xE/s1600/Esaikkaisa+-+possibly+old+spelling+of+Sami+word+Isogaisa+meaning+superb+f23r.png | ||||||||||||||||||||
32 | esusoi | Sweden | Rosette Map | Akin to Latin Suecia | ||||||||||||||||||||||
33 | fer | to go, to travel. | f5v | Old Norse | From Old Norse fara, from Proto-Germanic *faraną, from Proto-Indo-European *por-(“going, passage”). | http://voynichbirths.blogspot.com/2015/10/a-page-of-voynich-translated-f5v.html | ||||||||||||||||||||
34 | hei | hey | f5v | Finno-Ugric | hey | http://voynichbirths.blogspot.com/2015/10/a-page-of-voynich-translated-f5v.html | ||||||||||||||||||||
35 | helkei | jingle | f5v | Finno-Ugric | Declension of helke, to jingle | http://voynichbirths.blogspot.com/2015/10/a-page-of-voynich-translated-f5v.html | ||||||||||||||||||||
36 | husa | house | Throughout | Old Norse | https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-rrGfHnDHx3c/WBLtlnUdb1I/AAAAAAAAIh4/Z9RnoxI5PtMYlKqADLCyM9s8G-pZ2xnhgCLcB/s1600/husa%2Bleikusa.jpg | |||||||||||||||||||||
37 | husa | house | f76r | Old Norse | From Middle English hous, hus, from Old English hūs (“dwelling, shelter, house”), from Proto-Germanic *hūsą (compare West Frisian hûs, Dutch huis, Low German Huus, German Haus, Danish hus), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kews-, from *(s)kew- (“to cover, hide”). Cognate with Old Frisian hūs, Old Saxon hūs (Low Saxon (Low German) Huus, Dutch huis), Old High German hūs (German Haus), Old Norse hús (Swedish hus). | https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-nrBYLLYH6h4/V7DYJVOG6vI/AAAAAAAAIDU/__FD2UqEN3om9giAVPbklx2gZR0QNCyvACLcB/s1600/vm-husa.jpg | ||||||||||||||||||||
38 | husom | Husum, Denmark | Rosette Map | Old Norse | Ep/Op Husom - Up or Op Husum (along or on Husum, Denmark) | https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-kbAcNASf_aU/Vk603nTwDwI/AAAAAAAAGPQ/XIBYTAjWTpgkcDAbhqCNVi9auZuyUTcbg/s1600/schwerin.jpg | ||||||||||||||||||||
39 | je | and | f5v | Finno-Ugric | Akin to Finnish ja | http://voynichbirths.blogspot.com/2015/10/a-page-of-voynich-translated-f5v.html | ||||||||||||||||||||
40 | jelke | do/perform | f5v | Finno-Balto-Slavic | Akin to Hungarian jelöl, jelen, jelenet: to make a scene, to signify; From proto-Uralic *jelkä (trace) as Finnish jälki and Estonian jälg; Jela! Livonian for do, Jel Latvian for do (imperative). | http://voynichbirths.blogspot.com/2015/10/a-page-of-voynich-translated-f5v.html | ||||||||||||||||||||
41 | jeller | signs | f5v | Balto-Slavic | Akin to Hungarian jelöl, jelen, jelenet: to make a scene, to signify; jelom - instrumental case for feast, bestowal, lavishing | http://voynichbirths.blogspot.com/2015/10/a-page-of-voynich-translated-f5v.html | ||||||||||||||||||||
42 | jór | horse | f66r | Old Norse | From Proto-Germanic *ehwaz, whence also Old Saxon ehu, Old English eoh, Old High German ehu, Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐍈𐍃 (aihws). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éḱwos (“horse”), whence also Latin equus, Ancient Greek ἵππος (híppos) Old Irish ech (Irish each), Tocharian A yuk, Tocharian B yakwe, Avestan aspa-, Proto-Baltic *ečwā- (Lithuanian ašvà), Sanskrit अश्व (áśva). | http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-FupKlRfAq_0/VLFOReq9OYI/AAAAAAAADzg/Fd8qIing0_g/s1600/Spells%2BPage.png | ||||||||||||||||||||
43 | kei | walk or path (Livonian) | f5v | Livonian/Finnish | http://voynichbirths.blogspot.com/2015/10/a-page-of-voynich-translated-f5v.html | |||||||||||||||||||||
44 | keit | heat | f5v | Finno-Ugric | Akin to Finnish keittää & keittäjä (to cook, boil, brew) | http://voynichbirths.blogspot.com/2015/10/a-page-of-voynich-translated-f5v.html | ||||||||||||||||||||
45 | kela/keta | coil/disk | Finno-Ugric | https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-bTdU5kGly8I/V6vyHVaaGlI/AAAAAAAAIBM/fSi_SIMODzg2MH4z_zELodDLv2iiNsw4wCLcB/s1600/NutSedge.jpg | ||||||||||||||||||||||
46 | kelom | make | f5v | http://voynichbirths.blogspot.com/2015/10/a-page-of-voynich-translated-f5v.html | ||||||||||||||||||||||
47 | kelt | refresh, waken | f5v | http://voynichbirths.blogspot.com/2015/10/a-page-of-voynich-translated-f5v.html | ||||||||||||||||||||||
48 | kepka | cap (képka) | f4v (Quire 1) & f21v (Quire 3) | Slavic | From Slavic ке́пка, Serbo-Croatian kȁpa (ка̏па); Middle High German kappe, Old High German kappa, Latin cappa. Akin to English cap. French képi, Swiss German Käppi, diminutive of Kappe. In addition, see Scots Kep, appar. var. of Cap n.1 1680 Kirkcudbr. Test. (Reg. H.) 23 JulyL A stand of new seirg cloaths with a gunne and one new kep. | http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-JrEuBscbBeI/VIx8XyGIPuI/AAAAAAAADoY/SjDR-J4Sh7k/s1600/Kepka.png | ||||||||||||||||||||
49 | kepkei | capped | f6r (Quire 1) | Slavic | From Slavic ке́пка, Serbo-Croatian kȁpa (ка̏па); Middle High German kappe, Old High German kappa, Latin cappa. Akin to English cap. French képi, Swiss German Käppi, diminutive of Kappe. In addition, see Scots Kep, appar. var. of Cap n.1 1680 Kirkcudbr. Test. (Reg. H.) 23 JulyL A stand of new seirg cloaths with a gunne and one new kep. | http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-JrEuBscbBeI/VIx8XyGIPuI/AAAAAAAADoY/SjDR-J4Sh7k/s1600/Kepka.png | ||||||||||||||||||||
50 | ker | during | f5v | Old Norse | from Old Norse suðr, from Proto-Germanic *sunþrą. | http://voynichbirths.blogspot.com/2015/10/a-page-of-voynich-translated-f5v.html | ||||||||||||||||||||
51 | ker | vessel, tub, goblet | f3v | Old Norse | From Old Norse ker, from Proto-Germanic *kazą. May be related to Finnish kori - basket, Middle Irish curach, from Proto-Celtic *korukos (“leather boat”) (from which also Welsh corwg (“coracle”)), probably from Proto-Indo-European *(s)koro- (“leather”) (from which also Latin corium). Kerlaug is Icelandic for bathing in a tub. | http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-59mDPo0FqOI/Vjg8Th7PTnI/AAAAAAAAFlo/vYt72nGo6oo/s1600/swedish.png | ||||||||||||||||||||
52 | kesom | summer/gather/fallow | f5v | Finno-Ugric | Related to Proto-Finnic *kesä; Proto-Samic *keasē. | http://voynichbirths.blogspot.com/2015/10/a-page-of-voynich-translated-f5v.html | ||||||||||||||||||||
53 | klarei | clear, transparent | f83r | Latin | From Middle Low German klār and Old Norse klárr, from Latin clārus (“clear”). | http://2.bp.blogspot.com/--lmljlDznKk/Vi7DMqZbQYI/AAAAAAAAE8k/kiuXDDG8kfY/s1600/melt_edited.jpg | ||||||||||||||||||||
54 | kuut | moon/month | f5v | From Proto-Finnic *kuu, From Proto-Uralic *kuŋe. Cognates include Estonian kuu and Hungarian hold. | http://voynichbirths.blogspot.com/2015/10/a-page-of-voynich-translated-f5v.html | |||||||||||||||||||||
55 | leiks | dock plant Rumex crispa | f100v | Old Norse | From Middle High German loch, from Old High German louh, from Proto-Germanic *laukaz. Compare Low German Look, look, Dutch look, English leek, Old English lēac, Danish løg, Swedish lök. Cognate with Old Saxon lōk (Low German Look), Dutch look, Old High German louh (German Lauch), Old Norse laukr (Danish løg, Swedish lök, Icelandic laukur). The leaf of the dock plant, traditionally rubbed against the skin as a remedy for the sting of nettles. May also be related to Old Norse leikr: leikur m (genitive singular leiks, plural leikir) meaning game/play. In addition, see Scots leck: to pour water over bark or other substance to obtain a decoction, to draw off liquid in which something has been steeped (Cld. 1825 Jam.). [O.Sc. lek, leak, n. and v., from 1513. M. Du., L.Ger. lek, a leak, leken, to leak. The phonology suggests that the v. usage has been derived from the n.] | http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-nQo8MW-b6qc/VK9gTIxSFWI/AAAAAAAADx4/OaUJlftql74/s1600/Leiks.png | ||||||||||||||||||||
56 | leikusa | play | Old Norse | Icelandic & Faroese "leikur" | https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-rrGfHnDHx3c/WBLtlnUdb1I/AAAAAAAAIh4/Z9RnoxI5PtMYlKqADLCyM9s8G-pZ2xnhgCLcB/s1600/husa%2Bleikusa.jpg | |||||||||||||||||||||
57 | leitota | to lead, to manage | f98v | Old Norse | From Old High German leiten, akin to Old English laedan, Old Saxon ledian, Old Norse Leitha. Leitin (third-person singular simple present leitet, past tense leitete, past participle geleitet, auxiliary haben) | |||||||||||||||||||||
58 | oisora | a river mouth; place where a stream enters a lake | Rosette Map | Old Norse | Swedish os - river mough; Danish øse - pour; ose (Bokmål: oser, oste, ost; Nynorsk: osar, osa, osa or oser, oste, ost) English ooze | |||||||||||||||||||||
59 | oloilla | on feeling - anaesthetic | f102v1 | Finno-Ugric | Plural adessive case of olo (being/feeling) from olla+o, meaning feeling | https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-U2whfles_64/V66Sx74DpHI/AAAAAAAAIB8/9mJ_zwE3Z2A-QPcnAQa4l6ZAo9aJUDVrACLcB/s1600/lareses.jpg | ||||||||||||||||||||
60 | oresor | to travel, to be on a journey | Rosette Map | Old Norse | Swedish: resa (present reser, preterite reste, supine rest, imperative res) resor = travel | http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-qihKinoP0Y8/Vl7U8_bSDFI/AAAAAAAAGjo/tZsxa9diw_U/s1600/Upper-Left-Corner-W-Norway.jpg | ||||||||||||||||||||
61 | para | a being created to bring milk or butter to its creator | f66r | Finno-Ugric | In Scandinavian folklore, the slime mold Fuligo septica is identified as the vomit of troll cats. In Finland, F. septica was believed to be used by witches to spoil their neighbors' milk. This gives it the name paranvoi, meaning "butter of the familiar spirit". In Flemish language also, "heksenboter" refers to "witches' butter". | http://voynichbirths.blogspot.com/2015/11/the-para-example-of-folk-magic.html | ||||||||||||||||||||
62 | Pekka | Pekka | Finno-Ugric | Peko (Finnish spelling Pekko, Pekka, Pellon Pekko) is an ancient Estonian and Finnish god of crops, especially barley and brewing. In the area of Setumaa, between Estonia and Russia, inhabited by the Seto language-speaking Setos, the cult of Peko was alive until the 20th century. Today, the Seto people (an ethnic group of Estonians in the south-east of the country) also revere Peko as their national hero and king, the name and figure are widely used as a national symbol. | http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-rQnMTXVJShA/Vgq6FkyR8lI/AAAAAAAAExg/LhHeVphGVWU/s1600/setumaa.jpg | |||||||||||||||||||||
63 | perheit | to have a family | f102v1 | Baltic-Finnic | From Proto-Finnic *pereh. | http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-t2Q-WRtTCMA/VKonUsRr_JI/AAAAAAAADtw/jNZ879wwhRk/s1600/Perheit.png | ||||||||||||||||||||
64 | phes/phos | light, sunshine | Latin/Greek/IE | From Proto-Germanic *baswaz ("crimson, purple"), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰōs- ("light, brightness"). Related to phos in phosphorus.cont. of phaos (light, daylight); from the same as phainó. | http://voynichbirths.blogspot.com/2015/10/a-page-of-voynich-translated-f5v.html | |||||||||||||||||||||
65 | ran, Rán, | f82v | Old Norse | From Old Norse reynir (“rowan”), related to rauðr (“red”). Compare Norwegian rogn and Swedish rönn. raun-tre n. [ON: cp. OI reynir, OSwed. rone (with i-mutation) & MnE dial. (Northern) raan-, ran, vars. of rowan.] A rowan-tree berry. c1440(a1400) Eglam.612 | https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-hBuNmrj5p1A/V6wtxEbwFzI/AAAAAAAAIBc/BllPwzcBpRwvI5mk3CW3cHXSixQp2ozWACLcB/s1600/f82v_edited.jpg | |||||||||||||||||||||
66 | rara | scarcity | f66r | Old Norse | From Middle Low German rar (“rare, valuable”), from Latin rārus (“loose, sparse, rare”). | http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-FupKlRfAq_0/VLFOReq9OYI/AAAAAAAADzg/Fd8qIing0_g/s1600/Spells%2BPage.png | ||||||||||||||||||||
67 | rhusa, rhusar | the Rus | f82v | Latin (Rha) | See Rhutenorum;Ruthenians (Cyrillic transliteration: Rusyns; German: Ruthene; Russian: Русины, Rusiny; Ukrainian: Русини/Руські, Rusyny/Rus'ki; Belarusian: Русіны, Rusin: Русины, Rusiny), an English-language exonym, is a historic Latinised exonym based on the endonymic term Rusin, an ethnonym applied to peoples speaking the eastern Slavic languages in the broad cultural and ethnic region of Rus' (Русь), especially the medieval kingdom of Kievan Rus' and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. These people gave rise to modern Belarusians, Russians, Ukrainians and Rusyns. From PIE root *h₁rewdʰ-: Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/raudaz, reudaną, rudjaną, rudrijaną, rustaz; OR from Latin Rha (“River Volga”) (in the region from which the plant came to the Mediterraneum, cognate with New Latin Rheum) A people made up of Scandinavian warrior merchants who travelled Eastern European river-roads from the eighth century, and whose settlements around Kiev and the Dnieper gave rise to the Russian principalities. The medieval East Slavic state established by these same warrior merchants in the 9th century, whose capital was first in Novgorod and then in Kiev; Kievan Rus. Any of the medieval East Slavic principalities ruled by this class, especially Kievan Rus. | https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-hBuNmrj5p1A/V6wtxEbwFzI/AAAAAAAAIBc/BllPwzcBpRwvI5mk3CW3cHXSixQp2ozWACLcB/s1600/f82v_edited.jpg | ||||||||||||||||||||
68 | sa?ress | southward | f5v | From sør | http://voynichbirths.blogspot.com/2015/10/a-page-of-voynich-translated-f5v.html | |||||||||||||||||||||
69 | samalla | in the same way as/at the same time as/similarly | f82v | Finno-Norse | Proto-Germanic *samaz; compare Sámi seamma, Swedish samma: same; samman: together | http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-F1HjjChfsAs/VIchYormX3I/AAAAAAAADmk/qyxs6_cYOys/s1600/Elu.png | ||||||||||||||||||||
70 | sara/sora | sore, wound | f66r | Old Norse | From Middle English sor, from Old English sār (“ache, wound”, noun) and sār (“painful, grievous”, adjective), from Proto-Germanic *sairą (noun) (compare Dutch zeer (“sore, ache”), Danish sår (“wound”)), and *sairaz (“sore”, adjective) (compare German sehr (“very”)), from pre-Proto-Germanic *sh₂ei-ro-, enlargement of Proto-Indo-European *sh₂ei- (“to be fierce, afflict”) (compare Hittite sāwar (“anger”), Welsh hoed (“pain”), Ancient Greek αἱμωδία (haimōdía, “sensation of having teeth on edge”)). | http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-FupKlRfAq_0/VLFOReq9OYI/AAAAAAAADzg/Fd8qIing0_g/s1600/Spells%2BPage.png | ||||||||||||||||||||
71 | sareiaia | wound, injury, sore | Old Norse | From Old Norse sár, from Proto-Germanic *sairą. | http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-hFNwwHWA22s/VK76KDa5IlI/AAAAAAAADxo/XMeqR7njZJk/s1600/Sareiaia.png | |||||||||||||||||||||
72 | se | the | f5v | http://voynichbirths.blogspot.com/2015/10/a-page-of-voynich-translated-f5v.html | ||||||||||||||||||||||
73 | skei | occurs/occurred | f5v | From Old Swedish ske, from Middle Low German schên. Cognate with Danish ske, Norwegian skje, German geschehen, Dutch geschieden, Limburgish sji-jje. Icelandic ske (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative skeði, supine skeð. | http://voynichbirths.blogspot.com/2015/10/a-page-of-voynich-translated-f5v.html | |||||||||||||||||||||
74 | Sker Erora | Shcherbatovka | Rosette Map | Place Name | Shcherbatovka, Volgograd Oblast, Russia | http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-u61ImC-wN4E/VlEVXhgjNcI/AAAAAAAAGXM/vCr2AS0wOV0/s1600/sker-erora.jpg | ||||||||||||||||||||
75 | soi | make a musical sound | f5v | Finno-Ugric | From Proto-Finno-Ugric *śoje; cognate to Hungarian zaj. | http://voynichbirths.blogspot.com/2015/10/a-page-of-voynich-translated-f5v.html | ||||||||||||||||||||
76 | som | which, thus, as, kind, also, that | f5v, f3v | Old Norse | From Old Swedish som or sum, in Runic inscriptions also sim, same as Icelandic sem, from Old Norse sem, from Proto-Indo-European *sḗm (“one”), also related to the prefix sam- (“co-, common, together”) and suffix -sam (“-some, -like”). Still in the Poetic Edda, the Icelandic sem is only used as a comparative particle, e.g. Hávamál 23 allt er víl sem var (And his woe is just as it was). With time it has displaced other relative conjunctions (es, er). Its use as a pronoun is of a later date. | http://voynichbirths.blogspot.com/2015/10/a-page-of-voynich-translated-f5v.html | ||||||||||||||||||||
77 | som som | as like as | Old Norse | From Old Swedish som or sum, in Runic inscriptions also sim, same as Icelandic sem, from Old Norse sem, from Proto-Indo-European *sḗm (“one”), also related to the prefix sam- (“co-, common, together”) and suffix -sam (“-some, -like”). Still in the Poetic Edda, the Icelandic sem is only used as a comparative particle, e.g. Hávamál 23 allt er víl sem var (And his woe is just as it was). With time it has displaced other relative conjunctions (es, er). Its use as a pronoun is of a later date. | http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-YWimdbCRB9w/VIx7qA16BzI/AAAAAAAADoI/qcxBWgSebcs/s1600/Like%2Bthat.png | |||||||||||||||||||||
78 | sør | south | f5v | Old Norse | http://voynichbirths.blogspot.com/2015/10/a-page-of-voynich-translated-f5v.html | |||||||||||||||||||||
79 | soreita | breaking up into pieces (as during a thaw) | f83r | Finno-Ugric | särytä = breaking up, From Finnish särkyä = to break (to separate into pieces, to fracture or crack) | http://2.bp.blogspot.com/--lmljlDznKk/Vi7DMqZbQYI/AAAAAAAAE8k/kiuXDDG8kfY/s1600/melt_edited.jpg | ||||||||||||||||||||
80 | taia | to put multiple people under a spell | f66r | Finno-Ugric | Declension of taika, From Proto-Germanic *taikną OR taitaa (mastery) | http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-FupKlRfAq_0/VLFOReq9OYI/AAAAAAAADzg/Fd8qIing0_g/s1600/Spells%2BPage.png | ||||||||||||||||||||
81 | taikkusai | magic | Finno-Ugric | taikuus: taika (spell/enchantment), Proto-Germanic *taikną. | http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Fb5sbmq8SKc/VjYc7vzd59I/AAAAAAAAFTI/tOyK21sVLRY/s1600/taikuus.png | |||||||||||||||||||||
82 | taip | journey/passage | f66r | Finno-Ugric | related to taival - passage (part of journey) | http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-FupKlRfAq_0/VLFOReq9OYI/AAAAAAAADzg/Fd8qIing0_g/s1600/Spells%2BPage.png | ||||||||||||||||||||
83 | tait | magic, spell, enchantment, mastery, command | f66r | Finno-Ugric | Declension of taika, From Proto-Germanic *taikną OR taitaa (mastery) | http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-FupKlRfAq_0/VLFOReq9OYI/AAAAAAAADzg/Fd8qIing0_g/s1600/Spells%2BPage.png | ||||||||||||||||||||
84 | teit | do, perform | Finno-Ugric | Second-person singular past indicative for tehdä - to do, perform | http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-sMg5Fbc_IHY/VPaJGKaigTI/AAAAAAAAD78/Mv1BU2lZYjk/s1600/teit%2Bmeaning.png | |||||||||||||||||||||
85 | tet | you, thou | f25v | Finno-Ugric | Personal, dialectal, including Kven: you (plural; in archaic English: ye) | https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-guRjXAS6AnM/V69HlQGhpnI/AAAAAAAAICc/OH0Hs3HNrUk-Di6Upds8F7xOkvzC0PcfACLcB/s1600/tet.jpg | ||||||||||||||||||||
86 | torupsa | Torup, Denmark | Rosette Map | Old Norse | Torup is a name used throughout a region in western Denmark and Skåne (southern Sweden) | https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-bYz5RgHBc6w/VlH7xpYkK5I/AAAAAAAAGYs/0ReAzPZDSKYCQt4RqCl7yBo9FSagVpCSg/s1600/the-way-to-schwerin-and-the.jpg | ||||||||||||||||||||
87 | toteisoi | dead ice | f83r | Germanic/Norse | Tot = dead: From Old High German tōt (akin to Old Saxon dōd), from Proto-Germanic *daudaz. Compare Dutch dood, English dead, Danish død. Esoi = ice: From Old High German īs, from Proto-Germanic *īsą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyH-. Compare Low German Ies, Dutch ijs, English ice, Danish is. Toteis = dead ice (former glacier ice that is no longer connected to the active glacier) | http://2.bp.blogspot.com/--lmljlDznKk/Vi7DMqZbQYI/AAAAAAAAE8k/kiuXDDG8kfY/s1600/melt_edited.jpg | ||||||||||||||||||||
88 | uka | (ambiguous) week, aging, yielding, Finnish deity | f82v | From Old Norse vika, from Proto-Germanic *wikǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *weig-, *weik- (“to bend, wind, turn, yield”). From Middle Dutch weke, from Old Dutch *wika, from Proto-Germanic *wikǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *weyg- (“to bend, wind, turn, yield”). Related to wijken. Compare English week, West Frisian wike, German Woche. Norwegian: uke f, m (definite singular uka or uken, indefinite plural uker, definite plural ukene) a week, or vika - (Swedish colloquial) to dedicate (time), to designate a period of time for a certain action; Finno-Ugric: ukkoutua (intransitive, of men) To become old. Ukko - old man (also name of chief Finnish god) from Proto-Finnic *ukko. Ukko, or Äijä or Äijö parallel in Estonian mythology to Uku, is the god of the sky, weather, harvest and thunder in Finnish mythology. Probably a Finnic pet form of uros (“man, male”). Karelian: ukko, Veps: uk, Votic: ukko; ALSO related to Akka from Proto-Finnic *akka. Northern Sami áhkku is possibly an old loan from Finnish, explaining the irregular correspondence of -a- to -á-. | https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-hBuNmrj5p1A/V6wtxEbwFzI/AAAAAAAAIBc/BllPwzcBpRwvI5mk3CW3cHXSixQp2ozWACLcB/s1600/f82v_edited.jpg | |||||||||||||||||||||
89 | Ukelei | a fish in Germany/Poland OR a river in Poland called the Ukleja (formerly in Livonia) | f5v | Slavic/German | From Polish ukleja. German Ukelei m (genitive Ukeleis, plural Ukeleie), pl Ukeleis | http://voynichbirths.blogspot.com/2015/10/a-page-of-voynich-translated-f5v.html | ||||||||||||||||||||
90 | ypöi | alone | f25v | Finno-Ugric | Akin to Finnish ypö, ypösen, ypöyksin - all alone | |||||||||||||||||||||
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