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Introduction.- Basic principles of airborne gravimetry.- Theory and methods of airborne scalar gravimetry data processing.- Theory and method of airborne vector gravimetry data processing.- Theory and method of downward continuation of airborne gravimetry data.- Airborne gravimetry in China.- Application and Prospect of airborne gravimetry.

This book introduces the theory, methods and application of scalar and vector airborne gravimetry systematically. It mainly covers the development history, current situation and basic principles of airborne gravimetry, including basic problems, mathematical models, spectrum windows and filtering methods. It also summarizes the data processing and downward continuation theory and methods of scalar and vector airborne gravimetry . The book presents the achievements of airborne gravimetry in China, and its application in land and sea geoid unification, local geoid refinement and Geophysics, and prospects on future development. This work will appeal to a wide readership from senior undergraduates and postgraduates to researchers working in geodesy and geophysics. The English translation of this book, originally in Chinese, was facilitated by artificial intelligence. The content was later revised by the author for accuracy. This book is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (42174001).

Compaction Quality Nondestructive Testing and Intelligent Control Technology for Infrastructure

Geotechnical Engineering and Applied Earth Sciences

Introduction.- Roller-integrated Compaction Monitoring Technology Based on Maximum Positive Kinetic Energy Increment.- Roller-integrated Compaction Monitoring Technology Based on Positive Maximum Velocity.- Non Contact-Type Roller-Integrated Acoustic Wave Detection Technique.- Contact-Type Roller-Integrated Acoustic Wave Detection Technology.- Compaction Quality Interpolation Assessment Methods and Models.- Compaction Quality Intelligent Assessment Methods and Models.- Compaction Quality Intelligent Control Technology.

This book focuses on the key quality control and quality acceptance links in modern infrastructure construction. It deeply analyzes the latest technologies and methods of non-destructive testing and intelligent control technology of compaction quality. It not only covers the optimization and upgrading of traditional testing methods, but also focuses on the intelligent detection and control system based on cutting-edge technologies such as the Internet of Things, big data, artificial intelligence, intelligent control, information and communication technology, robots, and edge computing, which realizes real-time monitoring and precise control of the compaction process. At the same time, this book also innovatively proposes an autonomous decision-making model, which significantly improves the efficiency and quality of compaction operations through a closed-loop control system formed by perception-decision-control. This book is rich in content and clear in structure. It is suitable as a reference both for practitioners and graduate students engaged in infrastructure construction, quality inspection and intelligent control technology, civil and transportation engineering. Readers gain comprehensive knowledge and latest industrial trend on compaction quality inspection and intelligent control technology.

Geotechnical Engineering and Applied Earth Sciences

Engineering Mechanics

Chapter 1. Complex variable techniques in mechanical analysis in tunnel engineering.- Chapter 2. Deep circular tunnel problems.- Chapter 3. Deep noncircular tunnel problems.- Chapter 4. Deep tunnels reinforced by rock bolt.- Chapter 5. Tunnels considering temperature influence.- Chapter 6. Alternating method in the analysis of deep twin/multiple tunnels.- Chapter 7. New analytical method for the analysis of deep twin tunnels.- Chapter 8. Multiple tunnels in viscoelastic rock.- Chapter 9 Deep tunnels in anisotropic rock.- Chapter 10. Shallow unlined circular tunnel problem.- Chapter 11. Shallow lined circular tunnel problem.- Chapter 12. Shallow noncircular tunnel problem.- Chapter 13. Shallow multiple tunnel problem.- Chapter 14. Tunnel shape optimization based on analytical solutions.- Chapter 15. Back analysis in tunnel engineering based on analytical solutions.- Chapter 16. Analytical solutions for other geotechnical problems.

This book covers the mechanical problems of tunnels in traffic, hydraulic and mining engineering. By extending the complex variable method in mechanical analysis, it proposes accurate analytical solutions for tunnels. The solutions are further applied to the back analysis of tunnels, hole shape optimization, support design and estimation of tunnel stability. The considered rock characteristics involve elasticity, elastoplasticity, viscoelasticity and anisotropy, and various geometric conditions are included, such as circular/noncircular single/multiple tunnels with/without support at deep/shallow depths. Some original achievements are provided, including new mapping functions for complex regions, precise determination of the noncircular plastic zone around single/twin tunnels and related elastoplastic solutions and quantitative analysis of the interaction between rock and the support, which are new developments of theory and method in rock mechanics. The proposed analyticalsolutions are reliable tools to initially estimate the design parameters and achieve optimal design, providing guidance in the conceptual stage of the design process. They can clearly reveal the influences of parameters in functional form and provide a benchmark against which the overall correctness of numerical analyses can be assessed. This book summarizes the author's research achievements over more than 20 years. It is a valuable reference for professionals working in geotechnical engineering.

Deep Learning Applications for Drilling Performance: Forecasting, Diagnostics, Telemetry, and Predictive Maintenance

Geotechnical Engineering and Applied Earth Sciences

Introduction.- Geothermal Rate of Penetration Forecasting. Coiled Tubing Drilling Dynamics Forecasting.

This book presents data driven approaches to improve drilling performance in geothermal, coiled tubing, and conventional operations. It begins with transformer models for forecasting rate of penetration in geothermal wells, followed by methods for predicting both penetration and downhole shock in coiled tubing drilling. A variational autoencoder framework is introduced for diagnosing resistivity tool anomalies to support reliable geosteering. Subsequent chapters examine the use of deep autoencoders and separation networks to improve electromagnetic telemetry signals. This book also details synthetic data driven models combined with physics-based degradation approaches to forecast the remaining useful life of drilling equipment. Hybrid strategies for generating synthetic data are discussed to extend model training in scenarios with limited failure records. Each chapter blends technical insights with real-world case studies, demonstrating how these methods reduce non-productive time, improve tool reliability, and strengthen decision making in drilling operations.

Deflection of Fracturing Fracture Network Disturbed by Discontinuity and Multiple Fractures in Rock

Geotechnical Engineering and Applied Earth Sciences

Introduction.- Dynamic intersection and deflection behaviors of hydraulic fractures meeting granules and natural fractures in tight reservoir rock based on statistical modelling and fractal characterization.- Deflection behaviors and fractal morphology of hydraulic fractures meeting beddings and granules with variable geometrical configurations and geo-mechanical properties.- Dynamic propagation of tensile and shear fractures induced by impact load in rock based on dual bilinear cohesive zone model.- Center- and edge-type intersections of hydraulic fracture network under varying crossed natural fractures and fluid injection rate.- Wells connection and long hydraulic fracture induced by multi-well hydrofracturing utilizing cross-perforation clusters.- Deflection of fracture networks and gas production in multi-well hydro fracturing utilizing parallel and crossed perforation clusters.- Supercritical-CO2-driven intersections of multi-well fracturing fracture network and induced micro-seismic events in naturally fractured reservoir.- Summary and prospect.

This book presents frontier research in computational mechanics of mine rock mass and tackles the major engineering problems of unconventional oil and gas resources exploitation.  The hydrofracturing, which forms a complex fracture network in deep reservoir rock, is a key technology for oil and gas flow and extraction. The propagation behaviors (such as deflection, penetration, and intersection) and fracture network morphology are crucial to the evaluation and control of oil and gas production. This book mainly introduces from the following three aspects, including deflection of fracturing fracture network disturbed by discontinuity in rock, deflection of fracturing fracture network disturbed by multiple fractures, propagation and deflection of fracturing fracture network in supercritical CO₂ fracturing. The book focuses on the numerical research progresses of deflection of fracturing fracture network disturbed by discontinuity and multiple fractures in rock, which covers the following main contents: (1) dynamic intersection and deflection behaviors of hydraulic fractures meeting granules and natural fractures in tight reservoir rock based on statistical modelling and fractal characterization, (2) deflection behaviors and fractal morphology of hydraulic fractures meeting beddings and granules with variable geometrical configurations and geo-mechanical properties, (3) dynamic propagation of tensile and shear fractures induced by impact load in rock based on dual bilinear cohesive zone model, (4) center- and edge-type intersections of hydraulic fracture network under varying crossed natural fractures and fluid injection rate, (5) wells connection and long hydraulic fracture induced by multi-well hydrofracturing utilizing crossed perforation clusters, (6) deflection of fracture networks and gas production in multi-well hydrofracturing utilizing parallel and crossed perforation clusters, (7) supercritical CO₂-driven intersections of multi-well fracturing fracture network and induced micro-seismic events in naturally fractured reservoir. Given its scope, the book offers a valuable reference guide for researchers, postgraduates and undergraduates majoring in engineering mechanics, mining engineering, petroleum engineering, geotechnical engineering, and geological engineering.

Graduate/advanced undergraduate textbook

 Development of Mathematical Models of Earthquake Sources and Macroscopic Features of Earthquake Ruptures.- Fundamental Elements of Linear Elasticity Theory.- Mathematical Representation for Earthquake Sources.- Fundamental Elements of Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics.

This book provides an introduction to earthquake source physics, at the heart of modern earthquake seismology. It employs a unique dual approach for grasping the physics both from mathematical and numerical analyses; examples of Fortran programs are also included. The book consists of two parts. Part I is designed as a first course to give undergraduate students a theoretical understanding of the framework of earthquake modelling. It clearly explains the fundamental concepts with mathematical methods: the linear elastic theory for the representation theorem, the fracture mechanics that describes two-dimensional static and dynamic crack growth. Numerical analysis accompanies a consistent framework of the Boundary Integral Equation Method, which provides a systematic set of computer programs to assist students as they simulate earthquake rupture processes. Each chapter includes detailed exercises that allow students to apply the methods they have learned to calculate pertinent results. PartII is designed for graduate students and consists of advanced topics: introduction of the latest friction theory, poroelasticity, earthquake sequences, and plasticity. This work is aimed at a wide range of readers and is especially relevant for graduate students and solid-earth researchers who wish to become more familiar with the field.

Experimental Study and Remedial Technologies for Large Transverse Deformation in Shield Tunnel Structures

Geotechnical Engineering and Applied Earth Sciences

Introduction.- Analysis and Test Research for Failure Mechanism of Shield Tunnel Structure.- Safety Analysis for Service of Shield Tunnel Structure.- Mechanism and Treatment of Large Deformation of Shield Tunnel Structure.- Prospect.

This book focuses on the study of deformation, particularly transverse deformation of the shield tunnel. The book begins with a theoretical analysis based on structural mechanics is introduced, followed by a full-scale model test conducted to monitor the deformation of the structure under gradually increasing loads. Most of the structure types existing in the Shanghai Metro system are researched in the tests, and the deformation mechanisms for different structures were separately summarized. In addition, tunnels with reinforcement measures are also tested to verify the effects of the reinforcement. Based on the research results, safety control standards for the tunnels are proposed, and several deformation treatment measures are introduced with four application cases in Shanghai. From this book, readers will learn the deformation mechanisms of shield tunnel structures and corresponding treatment measures, which can help them solve relevant issues and enhance their awareness of structural safety risks at the same time.

Mathematics of Planet Earth

Introduction.- Fundamental Theorems of Elastodynamics.- Theory of Seismic Source Representation.- Seismic Waves in Infinite Homogeneous Medium.- Overview of Researches on Lamb’s Problem.- Frequency-domain Solution of Lamb’s Problem (I): Theoretical Formulas.

This book, split into two volumes, centers on the classical Lamb’s problem in seismology, offering a deep examination of the relative fundamental theories of seismology and two solutions to Lamb’s problem. The first volume (Vol. 1), which delves into the theoretical background and one solution of Lamb’s problem, progressively explaining the displacement representation theorem of elastodynamics, the source representation theorem, equivalent body forces, and seismic moment tensors, along with the issue of seismic waves in infinite media. It also reviews studies on Lamb’s problem, providing a systematic introduction to its frequency-domain solutions and numerical implementations. The book meticulously and clearly articulates theories and methods, facilitating self-study. It is intended as a reference for senior undergraduate and graduate students in geophysics at universities, and also offers valuable insights for university faculty and researchers in related fields.

Mathematics of Planet Earth

Introduction.- 2D Lamb’s Problem (I): Surface Source.- 2D Lamb’s Problem (II): Internal Source.- Integral Solutions to 3D Lamb’s Problem (I): Theoretical Formulation.- Integral Solutions to 3D Lamb’s Problem (II): Numerical Examples.

This book is presented in two volumes, focusing on the classic Lamb’s problem in seismology. It provides a systematic discussion on the relative foundational theories of seismology and two approaches to solving Lamb’s problem. The second volume (Vol. 2) thoroughly explores time-domain solutions using the Cagniard-de Hoop method. It begins with closed-form solutions for two-dimensional issues, advancing to integral solutions and detailed analyses of three kinds of Lamb’s problems and their extensions in three dimensions, culminating in generalized closed-form solutions in time domain. The book aims to provide a clear and detailed explanation of theories and methods, making it accessible for self-study. It serves as a valuable reference for upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in geophysics, as well as university faculty and researchers in related fields.

Geographical Information System

Graduate/advanced undergraduate textbook

Data Analysis in the Earth Sciences.- Introduction to MATLAB.- Univariate Statistics.- Bivariate Statistics.- Time Series Analysis.- Signal Processing.- Spatial Data.- Image Processing.- Multivariate Statistics.- Directional Data.

MATLAB® is used in a wide range of geoscientific applications, such as for image processing in remote sensing, for generating and processing digital elevation models, and for analyzing time series. This book introduces methods of data analysis in the earth sciences using MATLAB, such as basic statistics for univariate, bivariate, and multivariate data sets, time series analysis, signal processing, spatial and directional data analysis, and image analysis. The text includes numerous examples demonstrating how MATLAB can be used on data sets from the earth sciences. The supplementary electronic material (available online through Springer Link) contains recipes that include all the MATLAB commands featured in the book and example data.

Graduate/advanced undergraduate textbook

Chapter 1. Background Knowledge.- Chapter 2. Three-Dimensional Vector and Tensor Analysis.- Chapter 3. Physical Equations of Rotation and Elastic Deformation of the Earth.- Chapter 4. Spherical Harmonics with Applications.- Chapter 5. Gravity and Shape of the Earth.- Chapter 6. Seismology and the Spherical Elastic Earth Model.- Chapter 7. Earth Tide and Surface Loading of the Spherical Elastic Earth Model.- Chapter 8. Earth Rotation.

This book aims to provide, with comprehensive detail, the fundamental theory of the Earth's global elastic deformation, as well as the associated variations of the gravity field and rotation, that the readers can thoroughly understand with little reference to other books or journal papers. Its contents belong to the essential background physics of geodesy nowadays. The noteworthy style of this book is its inclusion of ample intermediate steps of mathematical derivations and physical interpretations of the mathematical formulae not found elsewhere. It is based on undergraduate mathematics and physics as usually taught to mathematics- or physics-heavy majors. No university-level Earth science knowledge is assumed; the most elementary is provided concisely to the depth required. Mathematics and physics above the level mentioned, notably, vector and tensor analysis, spherical harmonics, elasticity, and solid body rotation, are treated to sufficient depth for preparing the readers to understand the relevant publications on theoretical formulation. Gravity and shape of the Earth are essential for the deformation theory. Seismology relies on the theory of the elastic deformation of the Earth; the density and elastic parameters of the Earth are determined using seismic data. Therefore, gravity and seismology are also treated adequately. Specifically, the free oscillation of the Earth, which is a kind of global elastic deformation, is treated to a depth and detail rarely found in books of seismology. After all these preparations, the elastic deformation theories of the Earth tide and surface loading are developed. The formulation of the respective Love numbers, as well as their roles in the Earth rotation theory, is emphasized. Plenty of details on the methods and implementations of numerical computations are included. The topics covered are fundamental and common for theoretical geodesists devoted to studying global geophysical processes. Besides, also provided are many details on the applications of the Love numbers in the study of Earth system processes using space geodetic data, particularly, the mass transport in the atmosphere-hydrosphere-cryosphere system. To the author’s knowledge, this is the first book in this discipline that brings mathematics, physics, theoretical modeling, methods of numerical computations, as well as applications together in such detail and depth starting from very fundamental mathematics and physics. The details of the derivations and interpretations of the mathematical formulae are expected to be valuable assets for both researchers and educators.

Physics of Geochemical Mechanics and Deep Neural Network Modeling with Diffusion Augmentation

Introduction.- Physics of Geochemical Mechanics.- Characteristic Microstructures Reated to Multiphase Shear Flow.- Recent Variations of Global and Regional Correlated Seismicity.- Neural Network Modeling of Regression in Nonlinear Dynamics Timeseries.- Augmentation of Timeseries and DNN Modeling of Seismic Activity.- Concluding Remarks.

This book provides a new data augmentation method based on the local stochastic distribution patterns in natural time series data of global and regional seismicity rates and their correlated seismicity rates. The augmentation procedure is called the diffusion – denoising augmentation method from the local Gaussian distribution of segmented data of long time series. This method makes it possible to apply the deep machine learning necessary to neural network prediction of rare large earthquakes in the global and regional earth system.The book presents the physical background of the processes showing the development of characteristic features in the global and regional correlated seismicity dynamics, which are manifested by the successive time series of 1990–2023. Physical processes of the correlated global seismicity change and the earth’s rotation, fluctuation of plate motion, and the earth’s ellipsoid ratio (C20 of satellite gravity change) are proposed in this book. The equivalency between Gaussian seismicity network dynamics and the minimal nonlinear dynamics model of correlated seismicity rates is also provided. In addition, the book contains simulated models of the shear crack jog wave, precipitation of minerals in the jog, and jog accumulation inducing shear crack propagation which leads to earthquakes in the plate boundary rocks under permeable fluid flow.

Renewable Energy Resources Assessment and Development in MENA/Mediterranean Regions

Geotechnical Engineering and Applied Earth Sciences

Introduction to the Book.- Green Hydrogen Storage Tanks: Challenges, Innovations, and Future Perspectives.- Contribution of Renewable Energy in Algeria: Harnessing Potential for Sustainable Development.- Renewable Energy in Libya: Assessing the Feasibility, Prospects, and Impediments.- Solar Energy Potential Assessment in the MENA and Mediterranean Regions.- Renewable Energy Transportation and the Use of Hydrogen Energy in Energy Transportation.- Techno-Economic Assessment of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems in Morocco: Case Study in Rural Areas.- Renewable Energies in Kuwait: Current Status, Perspectives, Challenges and Opportunities.- Comparative Analysis for Wind Availability Power Potential Assessment at Four Sites in Egypt.- An Assessment of Wind Energy Potential as a Power Generation Source in Algeria.- Transforming Solar Energy with AI and Smart Technologies.- Long Term Energy Performance Assessment of Five Different Photovoltaic Module Technologies Under Semi-arid Climate Conditions in Algeria.- Economic and Technical Feasibility of a Hybrid Renewable Energy (PV/Wind) Grid-connected System in Libya for Various Locations.- Design and Simulation of Wind Farm in Adrar Region, Algeria.- Nanofluid Applications in Flat Plate Solar Collectors for Improving Thermal Efficiency.- Biomass as Renewable Energy in Mediterranean Countries and Energy Future Trends.

The book Renewable Energy Resources Assessment and Development in MENA/Mediterranean Regions highlights the central role of the Middle East, North Africa, and the Mediterranean Basin in the global energy transition. This region boasts exceptional natural potential, receiving more than 20% of the planet's solar radiation and boasting vast areas suitable for wind energy, making it a key area for the development and export of clean energy. The book provides an in-depth assessment of available resources and presents analyses of solar, wind, geothermal, and biomass energy. It highlights the challenges and opportunities related to green hydrogen, hybrid systems, and technological innovations that are already shaping the energy future. Through case studies in Algeria, Libya, Morocco, Egypt, and Kuwait, it illustrates the national strategies and concrete projects that are transforming the region. Clear, documented, and forward-looking, this book is a valuable resource for researchers, policymakers, and investors. It demonstrates that the energy transition represents both an environmental necessity and a tremendous economic opportunity, capable of positioning the MENA and Mediterranean regions as a major hub for sustainable energy.

Geotechnical Engineering and Applied Earth Sciences

Introduction.- Compression crushing characteristics of single particle.- Shear characteristics of the particle system of caved ore and rock.- Research on the drop shape theory.- Flow characteristics of caved ore and rock.

This book investigates in detail the draw theory, physical testing, and numerical simulation analysis technology pertaining to gravity flow. It innovatively explores the structural inhomogeneity of particle flow systems and dynamic behavior among ore and rock particles at macroscopic, mesoscopic, and microscopic levels using interdisciplinary research methods such as statistical physics and complex networks. The potential mechanics mechanism of flow and hang-up of caved ore and rock is elucidated. The research ideas and findings presented in this book serve as a valuable supplement and enhancement to current research ideas and methods on gravity flow. It offers theoretical and technical support for optimizing stope structure parameters, predicting indices of ore loss and dilution, and ensuring safe and efficient mining of mineral resources in underground mines. Additionally, it also provides a scientific basis for the fundamental theoretical research of granular matter, including caved ore and rock, sand, grain, and chemical particles. The target audience of this book includes graduate students and educators in mining engineering, geotechnical engineering, and related fields, as well as technical personnel in research institutes, engineering design and construction units, and researchers interested in the computational mechanics of granular materials.

Geotechnical Engineering and Applied Earth Sciences

Mechanical Engineering

Introduction.- Experimental Study on THM Behavior of Boom Clay.- A Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical-Damage Model for Boom Clay.- Experimental Study on THM Coupled Creep Behavior of Boom Clay.- A Thermo-Elasto-Plastic Creep Damage Model for Boom Clay.- HM Perturbation During the Connecting Gallery Construction (CLIPEX).- 3D Numerical Analysis of the In-Situ PRACLAY THM Heating Test.- References.

This book presents the results of novel hydro-mechanical laboratory experiments on several natural Boom clay samples, using simultaneously mineralogical, microscopic and mechanical techniques. It illustrates the research output through a series of tests, theories, back analyses, and numerical simulations. Based on these experimental results, it establishes a relatively complete theoretical system including elasto-plastic damage constitutive models, creep damage models and permeability sealing models. Further, it includes numerous reliable parameters obtained from back analysis on field stress, anisotropic permeability and in situ creep measurements of high acceptance di-electron spectrometer (HADES). Lastly, using numerical simulation it provides a long-term stability analysis of HADES underground facility.