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Biology for Majors II
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Lumen Learning: Waymaker Biology for Majors II Learning Outcomes is licensed under CC-BY 4.0
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OutcomesShort Title
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Module 1: Define biology and apply its principlesIntroduction to Biology
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1.1List the defining characteristics of biological lifeCharacteristics of Life
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1.1.1List the properties of lifeThe Properties of Life
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1.1.2Order the levels of organization of living thingsLevels of Organization of Living Things
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1.2Identify the different kinds of cells that make up different kinds of organismsProkaryotes and Eukaryotes
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1.2.1Identify features common to all cellsFeatures of All Cells
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1.2.2Contrast the composition and size of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cellsProkaryotic versus Eukaryotic cells
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1.3Describe classification and organizational tools biologists use, including modern taxonomyTaxonomy
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1.3.1Explain the "diversity of life"The Diversity of Life
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1.3.2Explain the purpose of phylogenetic treesPhylogenetic Trees
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1.3.3Explain how relationships are indicated by the binomial naming systemTaxonomy
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1.4Describe biology as a science and identify the key components of scientific inquiryThe Study of Biology
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1.4.1Identify the main branches of biologyThe Branches of Biology
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1.4.2Describe "scientific inquiry" and identify its scope of coverageScientific Inquiry
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1.4.3Form a hypothesis and use it to design a scientific experimentExperiments and Hypotheses
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1.4.4Analyze simple data and graphed resultsInterpreting Results
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Module 2: Identify different viruses and the methods they use to infect humansViruses
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2.1Discuss the basics of virus discovery, evolution, and classificationViral Evolution, Morphology, and Classification
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2.1.1Describe how viruses were first discovered and how they are detectedDiscovery and Detection
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2.1.2Discuss three hypotheses about how viruses evolvedEvolution of Viruses
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2.1.3Recognize the basic shapes of virusesViral Morphology
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2.1.4Understand past and emerging classification systems for virusesVirus Classification
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2.2Describe a viral infection and explain what impact an infection has on its hostVirus Infections and Hosts
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2.2.1List the steps of replication and explain what occurs at each stepSteps of Virus Infections
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2.2.2Explain the transmission and diseases of viruses that infect animalsAnimal Viruses
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2.2.3Explain the transmission and diseases of viruses that infect plantsPlant Viruses
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2.3Compare vaccinations and antiviral drugs as medical approaches to virusesPrevention and Treatment of Viral Infections
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2.3.1Identify the advantages of vaccines as a preventative measureVaccines for Prevention
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2.3.2Discuss the effectiveness of vaccines and antiviral drugs as treatment for infectionsVaccines and AntiViral Drugs for Treatment
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2.4Describe prions and viroidsPrions and Viroids
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2.4.1Describe prions and their basic propertiesPrions
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2.4.2Define viroids and their targets of infectionViroids
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Module 3: Discuss the history of life on EarthHistory of Life
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3.1Explain the theory of evolutionEvolution
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3.1.1Define natural selectionNatural Selection
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3.1.2Describe the basis of the present-day theory of evolutionTheory of Evolution
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3.1.3Describe how the theory of evolution by natural selection is supported by evidenceEvidence of Evolution
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3.1.4Refute common misconceptions about evolutionMisconceptions of Evolution
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3.2Define species and identify how species formSpeciation
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3.2.1Define species and describe how species are identified as differentWhat is a Species?
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3.2.2Differentiate between types of speciationTypes of Speciation
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3.2.3Describe the process of reconnectionReconnection
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3.2.4Explain the two major theories on rates of speciationRates of Speciation
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3.3.Discuss the ways populations evolveThe Evolution of Populations
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3.3.1Describe how population genetics is used in the study of the evolution of populationsPopulation Genetics
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3.3.2Define the Hardy-Weinberg principle and discuss its importanceHardy-Weinberg Principle of Equilibrium
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3.3.3Describe the different types of variation in a populationGenetic Variation and Drift
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3.3.4Explain the different ways natural selection can shape populationsAdaptive Evolution
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3.4Read and analyze a phylogenetic tree that documents evolutionary relationshipsPhylogenies and the History of Life
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3.4.1Discuss the components and purpose of a phylogenetic treePhylogenetic Trees
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3.4.2List the different levels of the taxonomic classification systemTaxonomy
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3.4.3Compare homologous and analogous traitsHomologous and Analogous Traits
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3.4.4Discuss the purpose of cladisticsCladistics
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3.4.5Identify different perspectives and criticisms of the phylogenetic treePerspectives on the Phylogenetic Tree
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Module 4: Identify the different kinds of prokaryotes and common bacteria that infect humansProkaryotes
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4.1Discuss the diversity of prokaryotic cellsProkaryotic Diversity
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4.1.1Describe the evolutionary history of prokaryotesEvolutionary History of Prokaryotes
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4.1.2Discuss the distinguishing features of extremophilesLife in Moderate and Extreme Environments
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4.1.3Understand it is difficult to culture prokaryotesCulturing Prokaryotes
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4.1.4Discuss why prokaryotes often form biofilmsProkaryotic Biofilms
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4.2Describe the structure of prokaryotic cellsStructure of Prokaryotes
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4.2.1Describe the basic structure of a typical prokaryoteThe Prokaryotic Cell
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4.2.2Describe important differences in structure between Archaea and BacteriaArchaea vs. Bacteria
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4.3Identify the metabolic needs of prokaryotesProkaryotic Metabolism
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4.3.1Identify the macronutrients needed by prokaryotes, and explain their importanceNeeds of Prokaryotes
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4.3.2Describe the ways in which prokaryotes get energy and carbon for life processesHow Prokaryotes Get Energy
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4.3.3Describe the roles of prokaryotes in the carbon cycleRole of Prokaryotes in the Carbon Cycle
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4.3.4Describe the roles of prokaryotes in the nitrogen cycleRole of Prokaryotes in the Nitrogen Cycle
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4.4Identify common bacterial diseases in humansBacterial Diseases in Humans
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4.4.1Identify bacterial diseases that caused historically important plagues and epidemicsHistory of Bacterial Disease
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4.4.2Identify common foodborne illnessesFoodborne Diseases
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4.4.3Explain how overuse of antibiotics may be creating “superbugs”Antibiotic Resistance
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4.5Identify common prokaryotes that are beneficial to humansBeneficial Prokaryotes
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4.5.1Explain the need for nitrogen fixation and how it is accomplishedNitrogen Fixation
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4.5.2Identify foods in which prokaryotes are used in the processingFood from Bacteria
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4.5.3Describe the use of prokaryotes in bioremediationBioremediation
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4.5.4Describe the beneficial effects of bacteria that colonize our skin and digestive tractsMicrobes and the Human Body
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Module 5: Discuss the organisms in Kingdom ProtistaProtists
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5.1Identify the common characteristics of protistsCharacteristics of Protists
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5.1.1Describe the cell structure of protistsCell Structure
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5.1.2Describe the motility of protistsMotility
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5.1.3Describe the metabolic diversity of protistsMetabolism
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5.1.4Describe the life cycle and habitat diversity of protistsLife Cycles and Habitats
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5.2Classify protists into unique categoriesGroups of Protists
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5.2.1Identify characteristics and examples of protists in the supergroup ExcavataExcavata
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5.2.2Identify characteristics and examples of protists in the supergroup ChromalveolataChromalveolata
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5.2.3Identify characteristics and examples of protists in the supergroup RhizariaRhizaria
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5.2.4Identify characteristics and examples of protists in the supergroup ArchaeplastidaArchaeplastida
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5.2.5Identify characteristics and examples of protists in the supergroup AmoebozoaAmoebozoa