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2 | Biology for Majors II | ||||||||||||||||||||
3 | Lumen Learning: Waymaker Biology for Majors II Learning Outcomes is licensed under CC-BY 4.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||
4 | Outcomes | Short Title | |||||||||||||||||||
5 | Module 1: Define biology and apply its principles | Introduction to Biology | |||||||||||||||||||
6 | 1.1 | List the defining characteristics of biological life | Characteristics of Life | ||||||||||||||||||
7 | 1.1.1 | List the properties of life | The Properties of Life | ||||||||||||||||||
8 | 1.1.2 | Order the levels of organization of living things | Levels of Organization of Living Things | ||||||||||||||||||
9 | 1.2 | Identify the different kinds of cells that make up different kinds of organisms | Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes | ||||||||||||||||||
10 | 1.2.1 | Identify features common to all cells | Features of All Cells | ||||||||||||||||||
11 | 1.2.2 | Contrast the composition and size of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells | Prokaryotic versus Eukaryotic cells | ||||||||||||||||||
12 | 1.3 | Describe classification and organizational tools biologists use, including modern taxonomy | Taxonomy | ||||||||||||||||||
13 | 1.3.1 | Explain the "diversity of life" | The Diversity of Life | ||||||||||||||||||
14 | 1.3.2 | Explain the purpose of phylogenetic trees | Phylogenetic Trees | ||||||||||||||||||
15 | 1.3.3 | Explain how relationships are indicated by the binomial naming system | Taxonomy | ||||||||||||||||||
16 | 1.4 | Describe biology as a science and identify the key components of scientific inquiry | The Study of Biology | ||||||||||||||||||
17 | 1.4.1 | Identify the main branches of biology | The Branches of Biology | ||||||||||||||||||
18 | 1.4.2 | Describe "scientific inquiry" and identify its scope of coverage | Scientific Inquiry | ||||||||||||||||||
19 | 1.4.3 | Form a hypothesis and use it to design a scientific experiment | Experiments and Hypotheses | ||||||||||||||||||
20 | 1.4.4 | Analyze simple data and graphed results | Interpreting Results | ||||||||||||||||||
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23 | Module 2: Identify different viruses and the methods they use to infect humans | Viruses | |||||||||||||||||||
24 | 2.1 | Discuss the basics of virus discovery, evolution, and classification | Viral Evolution, Morphology, and Classification | ||||||||||||||||||
25 | 2.1.1 | Describe how viruses were first discovered and how they are detected | Discovery and Detection | ||||||||||||||||||
26 | 2.1.2 | Discuss three hypotheses about how viruses evolved | Evolution of Viruses | ||||||||||||||||||
27 | 2.1.3 | Recognize the basic shapes of viruses | Viral Morphology | ||||||||||||||||||
28 | 2.1.4 | Understand past and emerging classification systems for viruses | Virus Classification | ||||||||||||||||||
29 | 2.2 | Describe a viral infection and explain what impact an infection has on its host | Virus Infections and Hosts | ||||||||||||||||||
30 | 2.2.1 | List the steps of replication and explain what occurs at each step | Steps of Virus Infections | ||||||||||||||||||
31 | 2.2.2 | Explain the transmission and diseases of viruses that infect animals | Animal Viruses | ||||||||||||||||||
32 | 2.2.3 | Explain the transmission and diseases of viruses that infect plants | Plant Viruses | ||||||||||||||||||
33 | 2.3 | Compare vaccinations and antiviral drugs as medical approaches to viruses | Prevention and Treatment of Viral Infections | ||||||||||||||||||
34 | 2.3.1 | Identify the advantages of vaccines as a preventative measure | Vaccines for Prevention | ||||||||||||||||||
35 | 2.3.2 | Discuss the effectiveness of vaccines and antiviral drugs as treatment for infections | Vaccines and AntiViral Drugs for Treatment | ||||||||||||||||||
36 | 2.4 | Describe prions and viroids | Prions and Viroids | ||||||||||||||||||
37 | 2.4.1 | Describe prions and their basic properties | Prions | ||||||||||||||||||
38 | 2.4.2 | Define viroids and their targets of infection | Viroids | ||||||||||||||||||
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41 | Module 3: Discuss the history of life on Earth | History of Life | |||||||||||||||||||
42 | 3.1 | Explain the theory of evolution | Evolution | ||||||||||||||||||
43 | 3.1.1 | Define natural selection | Natural Selection | ||||||||||||||||||
44 | 3.1.2 | Describe the basis of the present-day theory of evolution | Theory of Evolution | ||||||||||||||||||
45 | 3.1.3 | Describe how the theory of evolution by natural selection is supported by evidence | Evidence of Evolution | ||||||||||||||||||
46 | 3.1.4 | Refute common misconceptions about evolution | Misconceptions of Evolution | ||||||||||||||||||
47 | 3.2 | Define species and identify how species form | Speciation | ||||||||||||||||||
48 | 3.2.1 | Define species and describe how species are identified as different | What is a Species? | ||||||||||||||||||
49 | 3.2.2 | Differentiate between types of speciation | Types of Speciation | ||||||||||||||||||
50 | 3.2.3 | Describe the process of reconnection | Reconnection | ||||||||||||||||||
51 | 3.2.4 | Explain the two major theories on rates of speciation | Rates of Speciation | ||||||||||||||||||
52 | 3.3. | Discuss the ways populations evolve | The Evolution of Populations | ||||||||||||||||||
53 | 3.3.1 | Describe how population genetics is used in the study of the evolution of populations | Population Genetics | ||||||||||||||||||
54 | 3.3.2 | Define the Hardy-Weinberg principle and discuss its importance | Hardy-Weinberg Principle of Equilibrium | ||||||||||||||||||
55 | 3.3.3 | Describe the different types of variation in a population | Genetic Variation and Drift | ||||||||||||||||||
56 | 3.3.4 | Explain the different ways natural selection can shape populations | Adaptive Evolution | ||||||||||||||||||
57 | 3.4 | Read and analyze a phylogenetic tree that documents evolutionary relationships | Phylogenies and the History of Life | ||||||||||||||||||
58 | 3.4.1 | Discuss the components and purpose of a phylogenetic tree | Phylogenetic Trees | ||||||||||||||||||
59 | 3.4.2 | List the different levels of the taxonomic classification system | Taxonomy | ||||||||||||||||||
60 | 3.4.3 | Compare homologous and analogous traits | Homologous and Analogous Traits | ||||||||||||||||||
61 | 3.4.4 | Discuss the purpose of cladistics | Cladistics | ||||||||||||||||||
62 | 3.4.5 | Identify different perspectives and criticisms of the phylogenetic tree | Perspectives on the Phylogenetic Tree | ||||||||||||||||||
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65 | Module 4: Identify the different kinds of prokaryotes and common bacteria that infect humans | Prokaryotes | |||||||||||||||||||
66 | 4.1 | Discuss the diversity of prokaryotic cells | Prokaryotic Diversity | ||||||||||||||||||
67 | 4.1.1 | Describe the evolutionary history of prokaryotes | Evolutionary History of Prokaryotes | ||||||||||||||||||
68 | 4.1.2 | Discuss the distinguishing features of extremophiles | Life in Moderate and Extreme Environments | ||||||||||||||||||
69 | 4.1.3 | Understand it is difficult to culture prokaryotes | Culturing Prokaryotes | ||||||||||||||||||
70 | 4.1.4 | Discuss why prokaryotes often form biofilms | Prokaryotic Biofilms | ||||||||||||||||||
71 | 4.2 | Describe the structure of prokaryotic cells | Structure of Prokaryotes | ||||||||||||||||||
72 | 4.2.1 | Describe the basic structure of a typical prokaryote | The Prokaryotic Cell | ||||||||||||||||||
73 | 4.2.2 | Describe important differences in structure between Archaea and Bacteria | Archaea vs. Bacteria | ||||||||||||||||||
74 | 4.3 | Identify the metabolic needs of prokaryotes | Prokaryotic Metabolism | ||||||||||||||||||
75 | 4.3.1 | Identify the macronutrients needed by prokaryotes, and explain their importance | Needs of Prokaryotes | ||||||||||||||||||
76 | 4.3.2 | Describe the ways in which prokaryotes get energy and carbon for life processes | How Prokaryotes Get Energy | ||||||||||||||||||
77 | 4.3.3 | Describe the roles of prokaryotes in the carbon cycle | Role of Prokaryotes in the Carbon Cycle | ||||||||||||||||||
78 | 4.3.4 | Describe the roles of prokaryotes in the nitrogen cycle | Role of Prokaryotes in the Nitrogen Cycle | ||||||||||||||||||
79 | 4.4 | Identify common bacterial diseases in humans | Bacterial Diseases in Humans | ||||||||||||||||||
80 | 4.4.1 | Identify bacterial diseases that caused historically important plagues and epidemics | History of Bacterial Disease | ||||||||||||||||||
81 | 4.4.2 | Identify common foodborne illnesses | Foodborne Diseases | ||||||||||||||||||
82 | 4.4.3 | Explain how overuse of antibiotics may be creating “superbugs” | Antibiotic Resistance | ||||||||||||||||||
83 | 4.5 | Identify common prokaryotes that are beneficial to humans | Beneficial Prokaryotes | ||||||||||||||||||
84 | 4.5.1 | Explain the need for nitrogen fixation and how it is accomplished | Nitrogen Fixation | ||||||||||||||||||
85 | 4.5.2 | Identify foods in which prokaryotes are used in the processing | Food from Bacteria | ||||||||||||||||||
86 | 4.5.3 | Describe the use of prokaryotes in bioremediation | Bioremediation | ||||||||||||||||||
87 | 4.5.4 | Describe the beneficial effects of bacteria that colonize our skin and digestive tracts | Microbes and the Human Body | ||||||||||||||||||
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90 | Module 5: Discuss the organisms in Kingdom Protista | Protists | |||||||||||||||||||
91 | 5.1 | Identify the common characteristics of protists | Characteristics of Protists | ||||||||||||||||||
92 | 5.1.1 | Describe the cell structure of protists | Cell Structure | ||||||||||||||||||
93 | 5.1.2 | Describe the motility of protists | Motility | ||||||||||||||||||
94 | 5.1.3 | Describe the metabolic diversity of protists | Metabolism | ||||||||||||||||||
95 | 5.1.4 | Describe the life cycle and habitat diversity of protists | Life Cycles and Habitats | ||||||||||||||||||
96 | 5.2 | Classify protists into unique categories | Groups of Protists | ||||||||||||||||||
97 | 5.2.1 | Identify characteristics and examples of protists in the supergroup Excavata | Excavata | ||||||||||||||||||
98 | 5.2.2 | Identify characteristics and examples of protists in the supergroup Chromalveolata | Chromalveolata | ||||||||||||||||||
99 | 5.2.3 | Identify characteristics and examples of protists in the supergroup Rhizaria | Rhizaria | ||||||||||||||||||
100 | 5.2.4 | Identify characteristics and examples of protists in the supergroup Archaeplastida | Archaeplastida | ||||||||||||||||||
101 | 5.2.5 | Identify characteristics and examples of protists in the supergroup Amoebozoa | Amoebozoa |