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Comparative Analysis of European Educational SystemsCo-funded by the European Union. Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Education and Culture Executive Agency (EACEA). Neither the European Union nor EACEA can be held responsible for them.
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 European UnionExtra-european
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 Belgium (fr)EstoniaFranceGermanyGreeceItalySloveniaSpainNetherlandsPortugalUSASouth KoreaComments
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Genral informaitons on educational systemRather centralized or decentralized educational system?decentralizeddecentralisedcentraliseddecentralizedcentralizeddecentralizeddecentralizeddecentralizedMix of decentralisation and centralisationcentralizeddecentralizeddecentralized
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At what age does full-time compulsory education/training start ?5 years old7 years old3 years old6 years old4 years old6 years old6 years old6 years old5 years old6 years oldfrom 5 to 8 years old6 years oldFull-time compulsory education/training refers to a
period of full-time education/training that is regulated by
law as compulsory for all students. This period is often
determined by students' age. Usually, full-time
compulsory education/training is provided in educational
institutions/schools. In addition, some systems apply a
dual education system, where certain compulsory
education/training programmes combine part-time
school and workplace courses. In such cases, students
are assessed for the work they do in both places
(workplace and school). In some countries, under certain
conditions, compulsory education/training can be
provided at home.
full-time education/training
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Until what age is full-time education/training mandatory ?15 years old* (*from 15 to 18 no longer full-time complusory education but part-time schooling with part-time employement possible)16-17 years old* (*The obligation to attend schools lasts until basic education is acquired or until a student attains 17 years of age.)16 years old* (*from 16-18 no longer compulsory education but compulsory training "obligation à la formation")from 15 to16 years old* (* then from 15/16 to 18/19 part-time schooling mandatory)15 years old16 years old15 years old16 years old 18 years old18 years oldfrom 16 to 18 years old15 years oldUSA : 16 years old (15 states) 17 years old (11 states) 18 years old (24 states and the District of Columbia)
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Duration of full-time compulsory education13 years in total10 years in total 13 years in total9 - 10 years in total of full-time schooling11 years in total10 years in total9 years in total10 years in total13 years in total12 years in totalfrom 8 to 13 years in total9 years in total
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How many schools does a European pupil have to attend during its compulsory education?4 schools1 or 2 schools4 schools2 schools* (*for the general pathway "Grundshule" + "Gymnasium" more in the training pathway)3 schools3 schools1 unique school2 schools2 schools2 schools3 schools2 schools
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Name of secondary school final exam/diplomaCertificat d'Enseignement Secondaire Supérieur (CESS)no data availableBaccalauréatAbiturPanhellenic examinationEsame di statoMaturaBachillerato VWO-diplomaDiploma de Ensino SecundárioHigh School DiplomaSuneung (rather competitive entrance examination to university)
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Start and end of a school year in general education (for the primary and general secondary school, based on 2022-2023)begining of september - end of junebegining of september - mid junebegining of september - begining of julybegining of August/ mid september - mi june/ end of July* (*vary significantly according to the regions)mid september - mid june begining/mid september - begining/mid june* (*vary significantly according to the regions)begining of september - end of junebegining/mid september - mid/end of june* (*vary significantly according to the regions)August/september - june/julymid september - mid junemid august /begining september - early/mid junebegining march - end of january
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Approximate number of school days in a school year (based on 2019/2020)182 days 177 days 163 days in primany scool and lower secondary school (collège) - 180 days in upper secondary school (lycée)186 days173 days in primary school - 184 in secondary school200 days189 days in primany scool - 181 days in lower secondary school (collège) - 165 days in upper secondary school (lycée)175 days200 days161-173 days* (*accordingto schools first day)from 160 to 180 days (majority of states required 180)220 days* (*pupils have school from Monday to Saturday, 2 saturdays off per month)INFO : most common range of number of school days is between 170 and 190 across Europe
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Approximate number of holiday weeks in a school year (based on 2022/2023)15 weeks14 weeks16 weeks12 weeks 15 weeks14 weeksfrom 12 to 16 weeks14 weeks12 weeks15-16 weeks 16 weeks11 weeks
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Informations on teachersThe minimal qualification of general education staff (primary and secondary school)bachelor degree (CITE 6) required for primary school and lower secondary school (collège), master degree (CITE 7) for upper secondary school (lycée)master degree (CITE 7) for both primary school and secondary school master degree (CITE 7) is required to teach in bothmaster degree (CITE 7) for both primary school and secondary school bachelor degree (CITE 6) is required to teach in bothmaster degree (CITE 7) for both primary school and secondary schoolmaster degree (CITE 7) for both primary school and secondary schoolbachelor degree (CITE 6) required for primary school , master degree (CITE 7)secondary schoolmaster degree (CITE 7) for both primary school and secondary schoolmaster degree (CITE 7) for both primary school and secondary school bachelor degree + one-year Postgraduate Certificate in Education (CITE 6) is required to teach in both bachelor degree (CITE 6) is required to teach in both
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Average annual gross statutory salaries for teachers
entering the profession in euros (full-time, fully qualified, in public schools, in 2020-2021)		Pre-primary education (ISCED 02): 28 134 (2 344,5/month)
Primary education (ISCED 1): 28 134
General lower secondary education (ISCED 24): 28 134
General upper secondary education (ISCED 34): 34 977 (2 914,75/month)		Pre-primary education (ISCED 02): 15 156 (1 263/month)
Primary education (ISCED 1): 19 607 (1 634/month)
General lower secondary education (ISCED 24): 19 607 (1 634/month)
General upper secondary education (ISCED 34): 19 607 (1 634/month)		Pre-primary education (ISCED 02): 24 563 (2 046,9/month)
Primary education (ISCED 1): 24 563
General lower secondary education (ISCED 24): 26 889 (2 240,75/month)
General upper secondary education (ISCED 34): 26 889		Pre-primary education (ISCED 02): data not available
Primary education (ISCED 1): 50 357 (4 196,4/month)
General lower secondary education (ISCED 24): 55 971 (4 664,25/month)
General upper secondary education (ISCED 34): 58 541 (4 878,4/month)
>Salaries are weighted averages of the data available at regional level (Länder).		Pre-primary education (ISCED 02): 15 435 (1286,25/month)
Primary education (ISCED 1): 15 435
General lower secondary education (ISCED 24): 15 435
General upper secondary education (ISCED 34): 15 435		Pre-primary education (ISCED 02): 23 601 (1 966,75/month)
Primary education (ISCED 1): 23 601
General lower secondary education (ISCED 24): 25 366 (2 113,8/month)
General upper secondary education (ISCED 34): 25 366		Pre-primary education (ISCED 02): 22 298 (1 858/month)
Primary education (ISCED 1): 27 426 (2 285,5/month)
General lower secondary education (ISCED 24): 27 918 (2 326,5/month)
General upper secondary education (ISCED 34): 29 409 (2 450,75/month)		Pre-primary education (ISCED 02): 31 603 (2633,5/month)
Primary education (ISCED 1): 31 603
General lower secondary education (ISCED 24): 35 308 (2942/month)
General upper secondary education (ISCED 34): 35 308		Pre-primary education (ISCED 02): 33 225 (2768,7/month)
Primary education (ISCED 1): 34 246
General lower secondary education (ISCED 24): 34 145 (2845,4/month)
Pre-primary education (ISCED 02): 33 883 (2823,5/month)
Primary education (ISCED 1): 30 881 (2573/month)
General lower secondary education (ISCED 24): 30 078 (2506,5/month)
General upper secondary education (ISCED 34): 32 656 (2721/month)		Pre-primary education (ISCED 02): 41 427 USD (37 926 EUR)
Primary education (ISCED 1): 41 762 USD ( 38 233 EUR)
General lower secondary education (ISCED 24): 42 488 USD (38 898 EUR)
General upper secondary education (ISCED 34): 42 461 USD (38 873 EUR)		Pre-primary education (ISCED 02): 33 477 USD (30 649 EUR)
Primary education (ISCED 1): 33 477 USD (30 649 EUR)
General lower secondary education (ISCED 24): 33 539 USD (30 705 EUR)
General upper secondary education (ISCED 34): 32 800 USD (30 029 EUR)
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Potential salary increaseSignificant increase in the first 15 years (an increase of at least 60% over the whole career and at least 40% in the first
15 years).		no data availableSignificant increase over a long period: an increase of at least 60% over the whole career and less than 40% in the first 15 years.Modest increase over time but the average number
of years to reach the salary at the top of the range is not available.
Significant increase over a long period: an increase of at least 60% over the whole career and less than 40% in the first
15 years. 		Modest increase over a long period: an increase of less than 50% over the whole career and within a minimum of 32 years.
Significant increase in the first 15 years (an increase of at least 60% over the whole career and at least 40% in the firstModest increase over time : teachers need 39 years of service for an increase of 42% of their salaries
Significant increase over a long period: an increase of at least 50% over the whole career Significant increase over a long period: an increase of at least 60% over the whole career and less than 40% in the firstno data availableno data available
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