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1 | INSTRUCTIONS: Make your own copy using File -> Make a Copy, & use that copy | ||||||||
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3 | Autosomal DNA centimorgan (cM) Relationship Calculator and Reference Chart | CHART KEY | |||||||
4 | INSTRUCTIONS: Input shared centimorgans (cM) in the yellow cell below to highlight relationship range in chart. | cM = Shared cM Range* (Median Shared cM) | |||||||
5 | Enter shared cM: | Derived from the Shared cM Project ver 3.0 Aug 2017 Relationship Chart | G = Grand or Great | ||||||
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7 | GGGGGG-parent Degrees of Separation: 7 | ||||||||
8 | GGGGG-parent Degrees of Separation: 6 | GGGGG-Uncle/Aunt Degrees Separation: 8 | |||||||
9 | GGGG-parent Degrees of Separation: 5 | GGGG-Uncle/Aunt Degrees Separation: 7 | 1st Cousin 5X Removed Degrees Separation: 9 | ||||||
10 | GGG-parent Degrees Separation: 4 | GGG-Uncle/Aunt Degrees Separation: 6 | 1st Cousin 4X Removed Degrees Separation: 8 | 2nd Cousin 4X Removed Degrees Separation: 10 | |||||
11 | GG-parent Degrees Separation: 3 cM: 464-2110 (894) | GG-Uncle/Aunt Degrees Separation: 5 cM: 191-885 (455) | 1st Cousin 3X Removed Degrees Separation: 7 cM: 0-301 (116) | 2nd Cousin 3X Removed Degrees Separation: 9 cM: 0-139 (48) | 3rd Cousin 3X Removed Degrees Separation: 11 cM: 0-110 (19) | ||||
12 | G-parent Degrees Separation: 2 cM: 1350-2311 (1770) | G-Uncle/Aunt Degrees Separation: 4 cM: 251-2108 (872) | 1st Cousin 2X Removed Degrees Separation: 6 cM: 43-531 (221) | 2nd Cousin 2X Removed Degrees Separation: 8 cM: 0-300 (63) | 3rd Cousin 2X Removed Degrees Separation: 10 cM: 0-118 (31) | 4th Cousin 2X Removed Degrees Separation: 12 cM: 0-109 (17) | |||
13 | Parent Degrees Separation: 1 cM: 3330-3720 (3468) | Uncle/Aunt Degrees Separation: 3 cM: 1349-2175 (1752) | 1st Cousin 1X Removed Degrees Separation: 5 cM: 141-851 (430) | 2nd Cousin 1X Removed Degrees Separation: 7 cM: 0-316 (116) | 3rd Cousin 1X Removed Degrees Separation: 9 cM: 0-173 (41) | 4th Cousin 1X Removed Degrees Separation: 11 cM: 0-117 (22) | 5th Cousin 1X Removed Degrees Separation: 13 cM: 0-79 (15) | ||
14 | Self | Sibling Degrees Separation: 2 cM: 2209-3384 (2627) | 1st Cousin Degrees Separation: 4 cM: 553-1225 (873) | 2nd Cousin Degrees Separation: 6 cM: 46-515 (223) | 3rd Cousin Degrees Separation: 8 cM: 0-217 (64) | 4th Cousin Degrees Separation: 10 cM: 0-127 (29) | 5th Cousin Degrees Separation: 12 cM: 0-94 (19) | 6th Cousin Degrees Separation: 14 cM: 0-77 (13) | |
15 | Child Degrees Separation: 1 cM: 3330-3720 (3468) | Nephew/Niece Degrees Separation: 3 cM: 1349-2175 (1752) | 1st Cousin 1X Removed Degrees Separation: 5 cM: 141-851 (430) | 2nd Cousin 1X Removed Degrees Separation: 7 cM: 0-316 (116) | 3rd Cousin 1X Removed Degrees Separation: 9 cM: 0-173 (41) | 4th Cousin 1X Removed Degrees Separation: 11 cM: 0-117 (22) | 5th Cousin 1X Removed Degrees Separation: 13 cM: 0-79 (15) | 6th Cousin 1X Removed Degrees Separation: 15 cM: 0-72 (12) | |
16 | G-child Degrees Separation: 2 cM: 1350-2311 (1770) | G-Nephew/Niece Degrees Separation: 4 cM: 251-2108 (872) | 1st Cousin 2X Removed Degrees Separation: 6 cM: 43-531 (221) | 2nd Cousin 2X Removed Degrees Separation: 8 cM: 0-300 (63) | 3rd Cousin 2X Removed Degrees Separation: 10 cM: 0-118 (31) | 4th Cousin 2X Removed Degrees Separation: 12 cM: 0-109 (17) | 5th Cousin 2X Removed Degrees Separation: 14 cM: 0-43 (14) | 6th Cousin 2X Removed Degrees Separation: 16 cM: 0-42 (14) | |
17 | GG-child Degrees Separation: 3 cM: 464-2110 (894) | GG-Nephew/Niece Degrees Separation: 5 cM: 191-885 (455) | 1st Cousin 3X Removed Degrees Separation: 7 cM: 0-301 (116) | 2nd Cousin 3X Removed Degrees Separation: 9 cM: 0-139 (48) | 3rd Cousin 3X Removed Degrees Separation: 11 cM: 0-110 (19) | 4th Cousin 3X Removed Degrees Separation: 13 cM: 0-86 (15) | 5th Cousin 3X Removed Degrees Separation: 15 cM: 0-42 (8) | ||
18 | * cM ranges are 99th percentile. In other words, if the data was perfect, there would be a 1% chance of a cM value falling outside the listed range for a given relationship. In reality, however, the data is not perfect. The Shared cM Project has small sample sizes for many relationships. This means we don't have good confidence in the 99th percentile being accurate, for example for a relationship where only 25 samples were taken. The data should get better as more people contribute to the project. | ||||||||
19 | Note: Median is used for shared cM because it is a more robust number than the average. It represents the number where your would expect a higher cM half the time and a lower cM half the time. Averages in small data sets such as the Shared cM Project can be misleading, as they are affected more strongly by outliers. It is clear that the Shared cM Project contains some data errors/biases, perhaps due to small sample size. These biases are evidenced by shared cM range max/mins/medians that are higher than the next closer relationship. For example, Uncle/Aunt has a range minimum of 1349 cM, whereas Grandparent has a range minimum of 1156 cM. Yet it is inconceivable that on average across all humankind, uncles/aunts could have more shared DNA to their nephews and nieces than do their parents (the grandparents of the nephews and nieces), since in every case 100% of all shared DNA between the nephews/nieces and uncles/aunts came from the uncles'aunts' parents. Therefore, Uncles and Aunts MUST have less shared DNA on average to their nephews/nieces than their parents. This principle must necessarily apply to each of the averages of the shared cM mins, the maxes, and the medians. As the statistical sample size increases, the maxes, mins, and medians must all follow a strictly decreasing average when tracing down a column or from left to right across a row. Due to this incontrovertible fact, rough estimate values have been substituted in the chart above for actual data in several instances. These instances are shown in bold highlight in the R and M cM values. The corrections were estimated taking into account the relative sample sizes of the adjoining relationships. For example, the sample size of uncle/aunt relationships was compared to the sample size of grandparent relationships. Since the sample size of uncle/aunt relationships was over double the sample size of grandparent relationships, the uncle/aunt range minimum of 1349 cM remained unchanged, and the Grandparent/Grandchild range minimum was increased from 1156 to 1350. | ||||||||
20 | Attribution Statement: The original Shared cM Project 3.0 Aug 2017 Relationship Chart, which contains relationship gaps that the novice geneticist has difficulty filling in, and chart data are all attributable to:Blaine T. Bettinger at TheGeneticGenealogist.com | ||||||||
21 | This is a Google Sheets document - assembled, formatted, and maintained by Chris Fuchser | ||||||||