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Spacecraft DevSpacecraft Dev (2024 $)Total NASA Development Costs (2024 $)Per-Seat CostPer-seat costs (w/o NASA overhead)
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Mercury$209$3,178$3,178$169
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Gemini$682$9,081$14,227$140
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Apollo CSM$2,992$36,944$234,587$466
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Shuttle Orbiter$5,829$32,759$53,936$149
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Soyuz------$80 - $90
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Crew Dragon$1,751$1,751$2,628$78$59
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Starliner$2,810$2,810$3,291$110$90
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Orion$21,708$27,809$27,809$291
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All values in millions of dollars. Inflation adjusted via the NASA New Start Index.
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"Spacecraft dev" are costs prior to operational phase and only include NASA's portion of development costs through the fiscal year of the first test flight.
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"Total NASA Development Costs" include direct NASA costs for LV, engine development, and overhead for the same time period.
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Seat costs are for operational missions (does not include first test flights, etc.) Shuttle per seat costs are for the final 6 years of the program.
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Soyuz per-seat costs since 2017
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Orion development costs are through 2023. Estimated per-seat costs assume one flight per year after first test.
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Apollo "per seat" costs uses the marginal cost of Apollo 7 (LEO, Saturn 1B, no LM) as reference
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Take Mercury costs with a grain of salt, very early and very fast-moving program (paraphrasing from NASA Databook)
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