A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | AA | ||
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1 | Data categorisation | Potentials in tCO2/yr | Costs in $US(2011)/tCO2 | Side effects | Comments and exclusion criteria | |||||||||||||||||||||||
2 | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3 | AU | PY | TI | year | system boundaries | system conditions | original unit | conversion factor to common unit | totalPotential.min | totalPotential.estimate | totalPotential.max | original unit | conversion factor to common unit | cost.min | cost.estimate | cost.max | fertilisation effects to the marine ecosystem --> additional CO2 uptake | fertiliser release for crops | alkalinity input counteracts ocean fertilisiation | river alkalinisation | high concentration of Si in runoff water | imbalances of plant nutrition | release of harmful elements | sediment pore space clogging | undissolved particles in the surface ocean might reduce downwelling light inten- sities, and even modify ocean albedo | comments | reasons for exclusion | |
4 | Renforth, P (a) | 2012 | The potential of enhanced weathering in the UK | partial-national | theoretical assessment; geochemical base data; economic base data; mafic rocks | Mt CO2 /a | 10^6 | (59)' | GBP/tCO2 | 1.6 | 44 | 361 | Excluded as only for the UK | |||||||||||||||
5 | Renforth, P (b) | 2012 | The potential of enhanced weathering in the UK | partial-national | theoretical assessment; geochemical base data; economic base data, ultramafic rocks | Mt CO2 /a | 10^6 | GBP/tCO2 | 1.6 | 15 | 77 | |||||||||||||||||
6 | Renforth, P | 2012 | The potential of enhanced weathering in the UK | national | theoretical assessment; geochemical base data; economic base data, ultramafic and mafic rocks | Mt CO2 /a | 10^6 | GBP/tCO2 | 1.6 | 15 | 361 | |||||||||||||||||
7 | Schuiling & Krijgsman | 2006 | ENHANCED WEATHERING: AN EFFECTIVE AND CHEAP TOOL TO SEQUESTER CO2 | global | theoretical assessment | $/tCO2 | 15 | |||||||||||||||||||||
8 | Köhler et al. | 2010 | Geoengineering potential of artificially enhanced silicate weathering of olivine | global | carbon cycle simulations; geochemical boundaries | Pg C/a | 10^9*3.67 | 1 | 1 | EUR/tCO2 | 20 | 40 | only qualitative | only qualitative | The CO2 sequestration potential is based on assumptions that river pH values should not exceed certain values in the tropics. | |||||||||||||
9 | Taylor et al. | 2016 | Enhanced weathering strategies for stabilizing climate and averting ocean acidification | 2100 | global | earth system model | Pg C/a | 10^9*3.67 | 10 | 24 | USD/50ppm | 1/50/7.81/1000000000 | 162000000000000 | 1.351E+15 | The CO2 sequestration potential is based on an idealized model, which reproduces recent alkalinity fluxes relaively well. Evaluation of the high achieved dissolution rates in forested tropic regions cannot be provided due lack of field experiments. | |||||||||||||
10 | Hangx & Spiers | 2009 | Coastal spreading of olivine to control atmospheric CO2 concentrations: A critical analysis of viability | 1990 | national | theoretical assessment | Mt CO2/a | 10^6 | This study focuses on coastal zones of the Netherlands, and reflects not a global potential. | The assumed potential is only for the Dutch coast, and represents not a global scenario. | ||||||||||||||||||
11 | ten Berge et al. | 2012 | Olivine Weathering in Soil, and Its Effects on Growth and Nutrient Uptake in Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.): A Pot Experiment | lab scale | mescosm experiment | Pg CO2/a | 10^9 | 1.5 | 13.9 | only qualitative | depending on application rate | |||||||||||||||||
12 | Montserrat et al. | 2017 | Olivine Dissolution in Seawater: Implications for CO2 Sequestration through Enhanced Weathering in Coastal Environments | lab scale | scaled up values from experiments | Mt CO2/a | 10^6 | only qualitative | only qualitative | only qualitative | The potential is for Dutch coastal settings only, assuming that olivine is replacing sand for coastal engineering. | The potential is for Dutch coastal settings only, assuming that olivine is replacing sand for coastal engineering. | ||||||||||||||||
13 | Hartmann & Kempe | 2008 | What is the maximum potential for CO2 sequestration by “stimulated” weathering on the global scale? | global | theoretical assessment | Mt C/a | 10^6*3.67 | 65 | 650 | $/tC | 1/3.67 | 55 | (1000)' | only qualitative | The 1000$ costs are not the costs for nomral application scenarios but a worst case scenario in case of unsuitable conditions, where EW would not be applied. So this should not be used for the review as a characteristic cost estimate. The minimum potential is based on normal mineral fertilizer application rates not meant to achieve a maximum CO2 sequestration effect. The factor 10 for the highest value is based on a pot experiment, which was used for upsacling. The value after Peters et al. (2004) in this publication is based on stream bed weathering, which is not realistic for field conditions. | |||||||||||||
14 | Hauck et al. | 2016 | Iron fertilisation and century-scale effects of open ocean dissolution of olivine in a simulated CO2 removal experiment | global | model simulations; marine CDR; combined effects of Alkalinity, Fe, Si | PgC/a | 10^9*3.67 | 1.7 | included in the assessment | only qualitative | only qualitative | |||||||||||||||||
15 | Köhler et al. | 2013 | Geoengineering impact of open ocean dissolution of olivine on atmospheric CO2, surface ocean pH and marine biology | global | model simulations; marine CDR; | Pg Olivine/a | 10^9*0.28*3.67 | 3 | only qualitative | only qualitative | only qualitative | |||||||||||||||||
16 | Manning & Renforth | 2013 | Passive sequestration of atmospheric CO2 through coupled plant-mineral reactions in urban soils | regional | theoretical assessment; geochemical base data; economic base data | Mt CO2/a | 10^6 | 1190 | 2040 | |||||||||||||||||||
17 | Renforth et al | 2011 | Silicate Production and Availability for Mineral Carbonation | global | theoretical assessment; geochemical base data; only industrial side products | MtC/a | 10^6*3.67 | 190 | 332 | |||||||||||||||||||
18 | Morales-Fl´ores et al. | 2011 | Artificial weathering pools of calcium-rich industrial waste for CO2 sequestration | local | assessment of power plant waste | 800 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
19 | Wilson et al. | 2009 | Carbon Dioxide Fixation within Mine Wastes of Ultramafic-Hosted Ore Deposits: Examples from the Clinton Creek and Cassiar Chrysotile Deposits, Canada | local | assessment of weathering of mine tailings | 6300 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
20 | House et al. | 2007 | Electrochemical Acceleration of Chemical Weathering as an Energetically Feasible Approach to Mitigating Anthropogenic Climate Change | local | assessment of electrochemical stimulation of weathering | GtC/a | 10^9*3.67 | 0.4 | 1.4 | |||||||||||||||||||
21 | Fujii, M, Yamasaki, A, Kakizawa, M, Yanagisawa, Y | 2001 | Reduction of CO2 emission by treatment of waste concrete via an artificial weathering process. | tCO2/yr | 6000000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
22 | Hartmann, J, West, AJ, Renforth, P, Köhler, P, de la Rocha, C, Wolf-Gladrow, D, Dürr, HH, Scheffran, J | 2013 | Enhanced chemical weathering as a geoengineering strategy to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide, supply nutrients, and mitigate ocean acidification | GtC/a | 10^9*3.67 | 1 | The value of 1 Gt C (or 3.6 Gt CO2) is based on a cross evaluation assuming that highest rates, which can be achieved match the highest reported volcanic weathering rate reported at that time, which is a little bit less. | |||||||||||||||||||||
23 | Strefler et al. | 2018 | Potential and costs of Carbon Dioxide Removal by Enhanced Weathering of rocks | per tonne rock | tCO2/t rock | a | 1.1 | US$/t applyied rock | #ignore73 | #ignore143 | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | rock dependent | The costs are related to grain size. | |||||||||||
24 | Strefler et al. | 2018 | Potential and costs of Carbon Dioxide Removal by Enhanced Weathering of rocks | Global | GtCO2/yr | 10^9 | 4.9 | 95 | US$/tCO2 | 60 | 200 | The costs are related to the rock type (dunite and basalt respectivelly) | ||||||||||||||||
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