A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | |
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1 | Note: This is an interactive work sheet and you should fill out all the empty cells (white spaces from rows 5 through 16) with either Abundance or Neglible, like in Column K. There are hints in Column C, E, G and I, as well as feedback in Column L and Row 17 for when you have all the entries entered. There are additional hints (Hints 1-3 starting in Row 20). The green entries indicate when things are not changing much and that purple is when things are changing rapidly. You will need to save a personal copy. To do so click File > Download > Microsoft Excel (.xlsx) | ||||||||||||
2 | Chapter 13 | Chapter 14 | |||||||||||
3 | Instructions: For each box, enter either "Negligible" or "Abundance" - Feedback on whether you have all the entries in a row or column are in yellow. When all are correct in a column you will get a Secret Number for use in your EOC quizzes | Well before a millionth of a second after the bang | At approximately a millionth of a second after the bang | About a thousandth of a second after the bang | At approximately a 3 minutes after the bang | About thirty minutes (or 100 years or 10,000 years or… ) after the bang | At approximately 300,000 years after the bang | About a million years after the bang | At approximately half a billion years after the bang | About a billion years after the bang | Today | Is everything in this row correct? (When all boxes are filled out it will tell you if everything is correct, or else give you a hint) | |
4 | (Abundance or Negligible) | (many abundances changing rapidly) | (Abundance or Negligible) | (many abundances changing rapidly) | (Abundance or Negligible) | (many abundances changing rapidly) | (Abundance or Negligible) | (many abundances changing rapidly) | (Abundance or Negligible) | (Abundance or Negligible) | |||
5 | Free quarks | Rapid Change | Not changing much | Not changing much | Not changing much | Negligible | Not all entries properly entered in this row | ||||||
6 | Free muons | Rapid Change | Not changing much | Not changing much | Not changing much | Negligible | Not all entries properly entered in this row | ||||||
7 | Photons | Not changing much | Not changing much | Not changing much | Not changing much | Abundance | Not all entries properly entered in this row | ||||||
8 | Free electrons | Not changing much | Not changing much | Rapid Change | Not changing much | Negligible | Not all entries properly entered in this row | ||||||
9 | Free neutrons | Rapid Change | Rapid Change | Not changing much | Not changing much | Negligible | Not all entries properly entered in this row | ||||||
10 | Free protons | Rapid Change | Not changing much | Rapid Change | Not changing much | Negligible | Not all entries properly entered in this row | ||||||
11 | Completely ionized hydrogen nuclei (no electrons) | Rapid Change | Not changing much | Rapid Change | Not changing much | Negligible | Not all entries properly entered in this row | ||||||
12 | Completely ionized helium nuclei (no electrons) | Not changing much | Rapid Change | Rapid Change | Not changing much | Negligible | Not all entries properly entered in this row | ||||||
13 | Completely ionized nuclei heavier than helium (no electrons) | Not changing much | Not changing much | Not changing much | Not changing much | Negligible | Not all entries properly entered in this row | ||||||
14 | Neutral hydrogen | Not changing much | Not changing much | Rapid Change | Not changing much | Abundance | Not all entries properly entered in this row | ||||||
15 | Neutral helium | Not changing much | Not changing much | Rapid Change | Not changing much | Abundance | Not all entries properly entered in this row | ||||||
16 | Neutral atoms heavier than helium | Not changing much | Not changing much | Not changing much | Rapid Change | Abundance | Not all entries properly entered in this row | ||||||
17 | Is everything in this column correct? (When all boxes are filled out it will tell you if everything is correct, or else give you a hint) | Not all entries properly entered in this column | Not all entries properly entered in this column | Not all entries properly entered in this column | Not all entries properly entered in this column | Not all entries properly entered in this column | |||||||
18 | Secret Numbers | ||||||||||||
19 | Note: You can have all columns for a given row be Negligible, or in Abundance, or changing from one to another over time (and back again) | ||||||||||||
20 | HINTS (1 of 3) | More HINTS (2 of 3): | Last updated 4/13/20 (D. Toback) | ||||||||||
21 | 1) See https://rebrand.ly/109_Ch1314Figure | ||||||||||||
22 | 2) All fundamental particles would have been in abundance well before a millionth of a second since the collisions are high enough to create them all | ||||||||||||
23 | 3) All stable particles will live forever unless they are broken apart | ||||||||||||
24 | 4) Free particles will remain free forever if they are stable unless they are broken apart or combine into a composite object | ||||||||||||
25 | 5) Some fundamental particles are stable (like photons and electrons), and some are not (like all quarks other than up and down quarks) | ||||||||||||
26 | 6) Free quarks exist only if they are not inside protons or neutrons. This is only true before a millionth of a second | ||||||||||||
27 | 7) All composite particles would get busted apart before a millionth of a second | ||||||||||||
28 | 8) All protons and neutrons stop getting busted apart after a million of a second | ||||||||||||
29 | 9) Not all composite particle are stable (for example free neutrons) | ||||||||||||
30 | 10) Decaying and being broken apart are two different things | ||||||||||||
31 | 11) Muons are unstable and can only live for a millionth of a second | ||||||||||||
32 | 12) Muons are not part of atoms | ||||||||||||
33 | 13) Protons are free if they are not inside a nucleus or an atom | ||||||||||||
34 | 14) Protons are stable, but free neutrons are unstable and can only live about 15 minutes | ||||||||||||
35 | 15) Completely ionized means that the nuclei doesn't have any electrons | ||||||||||||
36 | 16) Nuclei except hydrogen (1 proton only) stop getting busted apart in high energy collisions about three minutes after the bang | ||||||||||||
37 | 17) Hydrogen, deuterium, and helium3 and helium4 nuclei are stable | ||||||||||||
38 | 18) Neutral atoms means there is an equal amount of protons and electrons | ||||||||||||
39 | 19) Electrons stop getting busted out of atoms at recombination | ||||||||||||
40 | 20) Recombination occurs a few hundred thousand years after the bang | ||||||||||||
41 | 21) Nuclei heavier than helium, and stable, can only be created in stars | ||||||||||||
42 | 22) The first stars start to show up about a half a billion years after the big bang | ||||||||||||
43 | 23) A free proton, a hydrogen nucleus and a completely ionized hydrogen atom are the same thing | ||||||||||||
44 | Yet more HINTS (3 of 3) | ||||||||||||
45 | Particle | Fundamental or Composite | Stable or Unstable (lifetime) | Are broken apart until | Status today | ||||||||
46 | Up and down quarks | Fundamental | Stable | Can't be broken apart | In protons/neutrons in atoms | ||||||||
47 | Electrons | Fundamental | Stable | Can't be broken apart | In atoms | ||||||||
48 | Neutrinos | Fundamental | Stable | Can't be broken apart | Free | ||||||||
49 | Photons | Fundamental | Stable | Can't be broken apart | Free | ||||||||
50 | All other quarks | Fundamental | <millionth of a second | Can't be broken apart | All decayed away | ||||||||
51 | Muons | Fundamental | ~millionth of a second | Can't be broken apart | All decayed away | ||||||||
52 | Taus | Fundamental | <millionth of a second | Can't be broken apart | All decayed away | ||||||||
53 | Protons | Composite | Stable | ~millionth of a second | In atoms | ||||||||
54 | Free neutrons | Composite | ~15 minutes | ~millionth of a second | All decayed away | ||||||||
55 | Pions | Composite | <millionth of a second | ~millionth of a second | All decayed away | ||||||||
56 | Hydrogen nuclei | Composite | Stable | ~millionth of a second | In atoms | ||||||||
57 | Deuterium nuclei | Composite | Stable | ~3 minutes | In atoms | ||||||||
58 | Helium2 nuclei | Composite | <millionth of a second | ~3 minutes (but they don't live that long) | All decayed away | ||||||||
59 | Helium3 nuclei | Composite | Stable | ~3 minutes | In atoms | ||||||||
60 | Helium4 nuclei | Composite | Stable | ~3 minutes | In atoms | ||||||||
61 | Helium5 nuclei | Composite | <1 second | ~3 minutes (but they don't live that long) | All decayed away | ||||||||
62 | Lithium5 nuclei | Composite | <millionth of a second | ~3 minutes (but they don't live that long) | All decayed away | ||||||||
63 | Stable nuclei heavier than hydrogen | Composite | Stable | ~3 minutes | In atoms | ||||||||
64 | Neutral hydrogen atoms | Composite | Stable | ~300,000 years | Free | ||||||||
65 | Neutral deuterium atoms | Composite | Stable | ~300,000 years | Free | ||||||||
66 | Neutral helium3 atoms | Composite | Stable | ~300,000 years | Free | ||||||||
67 | Neutral helium4 atoms | Composite | Stable | ~300,000 years | Free | ||||||||
68 | Stable neutral atoms heavier than hydrogen | Composite | Stable | ~300,000 years | Free | ||||||||
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