ABCDEFGHIJKLM
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Note: This is an interactive work sheet and you should fill out all the empty cells (white spaces from rows 5 through 16) with either Abundance or Neglible, like in Column K. There are hints in Column C, E, G and I, as well as feedback in Column L and Row 17 for when you have all the entries entered. There are additional hints (Hints 1-3 starting in Row 20). The green entries indicate when things are not changing much and that purple is when things are changing rapidly. You will need to save a personal copy. To do so click File > Download > Microsoft Excel (.xlsx)
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Chapter 13Chapter 14
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Instructions: For each box, enter either "Negligible" or "Abundance" - Feedback on whether you have all the entries in a row or column are in yellow. When all are correct in a column you will get a Secret Number for use in your EOC quizzesWell before a millionth of a second after the bangAt approximately a millionth of a second after the bangAbout a thousandth of a second after the bangAt approximately a 3 minutes after the bangAbout thirty minutes (or 100 years or 10,000 years or… ) after the bangAt approximately 300,000 years after the bangAbout a million years after the bangAt approximately half a billion years after the bangAbout a billion years after the bangTodayIs everything in this row correct? (When all boxes are filled out it will tell you if everything is correct, or else give you a hint)
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(Abundance or Negligible) (many abundances changing rapidly)(Abundance or Negligible) (many abundances changing rapidly)(Abundance or Negligible) (many abundances changing rapidly)(Abundance or Negligible) (many abundances changing rapidly)(Abundance or Negligible)(Abundance or Negligible)
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Free quarksRapid ChangeNot changing muchNot changing muchNot changing muchNegligible
Not all entries properly entered in this row
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Free muonsRapid ChangeNot changing muchNot changing muchNot changing muchNegligible
Not all entries properly entered in this row
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PhotonsNot changing muchNot changing muchNot changing muchNot changing muchAbundance
Not all entries properly entered in this row
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Free electronsNot changing muchNot changing muchRapid ChangeNot changing muchNegligible
Not all entries properly entered in this row
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Free neutronsRapid ChangeRapid ChangeNot changing muchNot changing muchNegligible
Not all entries properly entered in this row
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Free protonsRapid ChangeNot changing muchRapid ChangeNot changing muchNegligible
Not all entries properly entered in this row
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Completely ionized hydrogen nuclei (no electrons)Rapid ChangeNot changing muchRapid ChangeNot changing muchNegligible
Not all entries properly entered in this row
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Completely ionized helium nuclei (no electrons)Not changing muchRapid ChangeRapid ChangeNot changing muchNegligible
Not all entries properly entered in this row
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Completely ionized nuclei heavier than helium (no electrons)
Not changing muchNot changing muchNot changing muchNot changing muchNegligible
Not all entries properly entered in this row
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Neutral hydrogenNot changing muchNot changing muchRapid ChangeNot changing muchAbundance
Not all entries properly entered in this row
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Neutral heliumNot changing muchNot changing muchRapid ChangeNot changing muchAbundance
Not all entries properly entered in this row
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Neutral atoms heavier than heliumNot changing muchNot changing muchNot changing muchRapid ChangeAbundance
Not all entries properly entered in this row
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Is everything in this column correct? (When all boxes are filled out it will tell you if everything is correct, or else give you a hint)Not all entries properly entered in this columnNot all entries properly entered in this columnNot all entries properly entered in this columnNot all entries properly entered in this columnNot all entries properly entered in this column
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Secret Numbers
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Note: You can have all columns for a given row be Negligible, or in Abundance, or changing from one to another over time (and back again)
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HINTS (1 of 3)More HINTS (2 of 3):
Last updated 4/13/20 (D. Toback)
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1) See https://rebrand.ly/109_Ch1314Figure
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2) All fundamental particles would have been in abundance well before a millionth of a second since the collisions are high enough to create them all
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3) All stable particles will live forever unless they are broken apart
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4) Free particles will remain free forever if they are stable unless they are broken apart or combine into a composite object
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5) Some fundamental particles are stable (like photons and electrons), and some are not (like all quarks other than up and down quarks)
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6) Free quarks exist only if they are not inside protons or neutrons. This is only true before a millionth of a second
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7) All composite particles would get busted apart before a millionth of a second
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8) All protons and neutrons stop getting busted apart after a million of a second
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9) Not all composite particle are stable (for example free neutrons)
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10) Decaying and being broken apart are two different things
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11) Muons are unstable and can only live for a millionth of a second
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12) Muons are not part of atoms
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13) Protons are free if they are not inside a nucleus or an atom
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14) Protons are stable, but free neutrons are unstable and can only live about 15 minutes
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15) Completely ionized means that the nuclei doesn't have any electrons
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16) Nuclei except hydrogen (1 proton only) stop getting busted apart in high energy collisions about three minutes after the bang
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17) Hydrogen, deuterium, and helium3 and helium4 nuclei are stable
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18) Neutral atoms means there is an equal amount of protons and electrons
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19) Electrons stop getting busted out of atoms at recombination
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20) Recombination occurs a few hundred thousand years after the bang
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21) Nuclei heavier than helium, and stable, can only be created in stars
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22) The first stars start to show up about a half a billion years after the big bang
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23) A free proton, a hydrogen nucleus and a completely ionized hydrogen atom are the same thing
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Yet more HINTS (3 of 3)
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ParticleFundamental or CompositeStable or Unstable (lifetime)Are broken apart untilStatus today
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Up and down quarksFundamentalStableCan't be broken apartIn protons/neutrons in atoms
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ElectronsFundamentalStableCan't be broken apartIn atoms
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NeutrinosFundamentalStableCan't be broken apartFree
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PhotonsFundamentalStableCan't be broken apartFree
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All other quarksFundamental<millionth of a secondCan't be broken apartAll decayed away
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MuonsFundamental~millionth of a secondCan't be broken apartAll decayed away
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TausFundamental<millionth of a secondCan't be broken apartAll decayed away
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ProtonsCompositeStable~millionth of a secondIn atoms
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Free neutronsComposite~15 minutes~millionth of a secondAll decayed away
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PionsComposite<millionth of a second~millionth of a secondAll decayed away
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Hydrogen nucleiCompositeStable~millionth of a secondIn atoms
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Deuterium nucleiCompositeStable~3 minutesIn atoms
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Helium2 nucleiComposite<millionth of a second~3 minutes (but they don't live that long)All decayed away
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Helium3 nucleiCompositeStable~3 minutesIn atoms
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Helium4 nucleiCompositeStable~3 minutesIn atoms
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Helium5 nucleiComposite<1 second~3 minutes (but they don't live that long)All decayed away
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Lithium5 nucleiComposite<millionth of a second~3 minutes (but they don't live that long)All decayed away
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Stable nuclei heavier than hydrogenCompositeStable~3 minutesIn atoms
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Neutral hydrogen atomsCompositeStable~300,000 yearsFree
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Neutral deuterium atomsCompositeStable~300,000 yearsFree
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Neutral helium3 atomsCompositeStable~300,000 yearsFree
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Neutral helium4 atomsCompositeStable~300,000 yearsFree
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Stable neutral atoms heavier than hydrogenCompositeStable~300,000 yearsFree
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