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Foreign Exchange Intervention: A Dataset of Public Data and Proxies
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This file contains data on FXI for 120 countries over the period 2000-25. Available published FXI data reported up to 2025.
The original source (to be quoted if the data are used) is:
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Adler, Gustavo, Kyun Suk Chang, Rui C. Mano, and Yuting Shao. 2024. "Foreign Exchange Intervention: A Dataset of Public Data and Proxies," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmcb.13137
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General comments
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FXI data are reported at monthly and quarterly frequencies in the 'Monthly' and 'Quarterly' sheets, respectively.
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Each sheet includes series for spot, derivative and broad FXI, both for the FXI proxies and the official FXI published data (when available), in US$ millions and in percent of annual GDP.
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The table below lists all the variables reported in this file.
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For further details on the construction of the proxies and on the sources of the official data, see the original paper quoted above.
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Cells with a dot (".") should be interpreted as not reported (different from being zero).
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The dataset is updated periodically; and can be found by searching for the Working Paper mentioned above at www.imf.org/en/Publications or at the following link:
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https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WP/Issues/2021/02/19/Foreign-Exchange-Intervention-A-Dataset-of-Public-Data-and-Proxies-50017
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Variable included in the dataset
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NameDescription
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FXI_spot_proxy_USDSpot FXI Proxied in Millions of USD, monthly
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FXI_spot_proxy_GDPSpot FXI Proxied in percentage points of (3-year moving average) GDP
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FXI_deriv_proxy_USDDerivatives FXI Proxied in Millions of USD
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FXI_deriv_proxy_GDPDerivatives FXI Proxied in percentage points of (3-year moving average) GDP
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FXI_broad_proxy_USDTotal FXI Proxied in Millions of USD
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FXI_broad_proxy_GDPTotal FXI Proxied in percentage points of (3-year moving average) GDP
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FXI_spot_pub_USDSpot FXI Published in Millions of USD
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FXI_spot_pub_GDPSpot FXI Published in percentage points of (3-year moving average) GDP
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FXI_deriv_pub_USDDerivatives FXI Published in Millions of USD
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FXI_deriv_pub_GDPDerivatives FXI Published in percentage points of (3-year moving average) GDP
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FXI_broad_pub_USDTotal FXI Published in Millions of USD
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FXI_broad_pub_GDPTotal FXI Published in percentage points of (3-year moving average) GDP
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De_jure_EXR_regimeDe jure exchange rate regime dummy based on IMF AREAER annual report (0 = Non Peg, 1= Peg)
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De_facto_EXR_regimeDe facto exchange rate regime dummy based on IMF AREAER annual report (0 = Non Peg, 1= Peg)
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Sterilization_dummy
Sterilization dummy based on the changes in short-term interest rate (1 = Fully Sterilized, 0 = Not Fully Sterilized)
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Extensions "_m" and "_q" in the variables' name denote monthly and quarterly frequency respectively.
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