| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | |
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1 | CONSTRUCTION WORKER PRODUCTIVITY NORMS — NIGERIA | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
2 | Source: "Construction Workers Average Output in Nigeria" (Official Nigerian Construction Industry Reference) | 8-hour working day basis | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
3 | HOW TO USE: All labour hour (hr/unit) values in Col L of the Schedule are derived from these outputs using: hr/unit = 8hr ÷ daily_output. To change a productivity assumption, update the Col L formula denominator. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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5 | SECTION A — EXCAVATION & EARTHWORKS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
6 | # | Activity / Work Type | Output (day) | Unit | Crew Type | hr / unit | Formula in Schedule | Notes / Conditions | Template Col L (current) | |||||||||||||||||
7 | A | Trench excav, foundation ≤675mm wide, ≤1.5m deep | 6.00 | m³/day | Unskilled | 1.333333333 | 1.333hr/m³ | Soft laterite / normal soil | Formula: 8/4.5 pit or =8/6 trench | |||||||||||||||||
8 | B | Pit excav (pads) ≤1.5m deep | 4.50 | m³/day | Unskilled | 1.777777778 | 1.778hr/m³ | Pad/column base excavation | Formula: 8/4.5 | |||||||||||||||||
9 | C | Basement excav, ground tank ≤1.5m | 3.50 | m³/day | Unskilled | 2.285714286 | 2.286hr/m³ | Wider cut, less room to swing | — | |||||||||||||||||
10 | D | Basement excav, ground tank 1.5–3.0m | 1.75 | m³/day | Unskilled | 4.571428571 | 4.571hr/m³ | Deeper cut, shoring required | — | |||||||||||||||||
11 | E | Backfill sides of excavation | 10.00 | m³/day | Unskilled | 0.8 | 0.800hr/m³ | Returned excavated material | Formula: 8/10 | |||||||||||||||||
12 | F | Imported filling to make up level | 7.00 | m³/day | Unskilled | 1.142857143 | 1.143hr/m³ | Laterite/hardcore import+spread | Formula: 8/7 | |||||||||||||||||
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14 | SECTION B — CONCRETE WORKS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
15 | # | Activity / Work Type | Output (day) | Unit | Crew Type | hr / unit | hr/unit (REFERENCE) | Schedule Col L Rate | Notes / Clarification | |||||||||||||||||
16 | A | Hand mix+place, ≤3m above GL | 0.5 m³/day | m³/day | Gang: 4 Unskilled | 16 | Gang ref only | ≈4-7hr/m³ | GANG DAILY OUTPUT: A 4-man mixing gang (1 mixer + 3 labourers) produces approximately 0.5m³/day finished concrete. This is the TOTAL GANG OUTPUT — NOT each man's billing rate. SCHEDULE Col L uses 4-6hr/m³ ATTENDANCE rate (time each labourer is physically present and active on concrete work). Do NOT use 16hr/m³ for billing — use 4-6hr/m³. | |||||||||||||||||
17 | B | Machine mix+place, ≤3m above GL | 4-5 m³/day | m³/day | Gang: Mixer Op + 2 Lab | 2 | Gang ref only | ≈1-2hr/m³ | GANG DAILY OUTPUT: A 3-man machine-mix gang produces 4-5m³/day concrete. Machine mix is always FASTER than hand mix (4-5 vs 0.5m³/day). Previous incorrect figure of 0.6m³/day has been corrected. SCHEDULE: Mixer Operator bills at 1hr/m³ attendance; Labourers bill at 4-6hr/m³ attendance — not the gang output figure. | |||||||||||||||||
18 | C | Spread+tamp cols/walls/beams | 10.00 | m³/day | Unskilled | 0.8 | 0.800 hr/unit | Spreading and tamping only (after pour) | Formula: 0.8hr/m³ | |||||||||||||||||
19 | D | Steel fixer — cut/bend/fix ≤16mm | 80 | kg/day | Skilled | 100 | 100.0 hr/t | PDF reference: 100kg/day per skilled bender (ideal). Nigerian site reality (manual bending, labour turnover): 80kg/day per person. Schedule uses =8/0.08 = 100hr/t (80kg/day/person basis). This is within the reviewer-recommended 60-80kg/day range. Iron Bender (separate trade) handles bending; Steel Fixer handles placement. | Formula: 8/0.1 = 80hr/t | |||||||||||||||||
20 | E | Steel fixer — machine bend/cut 20–25mm | 50 | kg/day | Skilled | 160 | 160.0 hr/t | Machine-assisted larger bars — 60kg/day | Links/stirrups: individually bent to shape, tied in place one by one. Nigerian site reality: 50kg/day per skilled iron bender (not 60kg/day). Schedule uses =8/0.05 = 160hr/t for all 8mm link/stirrup items. This is correctly HIGHER than straight bars (100hr/t) — links are slower. | |||||||||||||||||
21 | F | Cut/bend/fix mesh fabric (BRC) | 120 | m²/day | Skilled | 0.06666666667 | 0.067 hr/unit | Mesh fabric A-type on slab | Formula: 8/80 = 0.1hr/m² | |||||||||||||||||
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23 | SECTION C — FORMWORK (CARPENTRY) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
24 | # | Activity / Work Type | Output (day) | Unit | Crew Type | hr / unit | Formula in Schedule | Notes / Conditions | Template Col L (current) | |||||||||||||||||
25 | H | Ground beams/bases ≤1.0m high | 12 | m²/day | Skilled | 0.6666666667 | 0.667 hr/m² | Simple ground level form | — | |||||||||||||||||
26 | J | Columns or walls | 8 | m²/day | Skilled | 1 | 1.000 hr/m² | Vertical column faces+bracing | Formula: 8/8 = 1.0hr/m² | |||||||||||||||||
27 | K | Beams — sides and soffit | 5 | m²/day | Skilled | 1.6 | 1.600 hr/m² | Beams are hardest (sides+soffit+props) | Formula: 8/5 = 1.6hr/m² | |||||||||||||||||
28 | L | Lintels | 6 | m²/day | Skilled | 1.333333333 | 1.333 hr/m² | Small members, more cuts | Formula: 8/6 = 1.33hr/m² | |||||||||||||||||
29 | M | Floor slab soffit ≤3.5m | 15 | m²/day | Skilled | 0.5333333333 | 0.533 hr/m² | Large flat area, good productivity | Formula: 8/15 = 0.53hr/m² | |||||||||||||||||
30 | N | Dismantle — beams or columns | 16 | m²/day | Skilled | 0.5 | 0.500 hr/m² | Strip and set aside | Not separately billed | |||||||||||||||||
31 | P | Dismantle — floor slab | 30 | m²/day | Skilled | 0.2666666667 | 0.267 hr/m² | Drop the prop, sheet falls | Not separately billed | |||||||||||||||||
32 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
33 | SECTION D — BLOCKWORK | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
34 | # | Activity / Work Type | Output (day) | Unit | Crew Type | hr / unit | Formula in Schedule | Notes / Conditions | Template Col L (current) | |||||||||||||||||
35 | A | 100mm blockwall | 8 | m²/day | Gang (1M+1L) | 1 | 1.000 hr/m² | Each person bills 1.0hr/m² (mason + labourer) | — | |||||||||||||||||
36 | B | 150mm blockwall | 8 | m²/day | Gang (1M+1L) | 1 | 1.000 hr/m² | Same output as 100mm | Formula: 8/8 = 1.0hr/m² | |||||||||||||||||
37 | C | 230mm / 225mm blockwall | 6 | m²/day | Gang (1M+1L) | 1.333333333 | 1.333 hr/m² | Nigerian site condition: 225mm hollow blocks are significantly heavier than 150mm blocks. Gang output reduced from PDF's 7m²/day to 6m²/day to reflect extra handling time, heavier lifts, and greater mortar volume. Matches schedule formula =8/6. | Formula: 8/7 = 1.14hr/m² | |||||||||||||||||
38 | D | Precast concrete screenwall | 10 | m²/day | Gang (1M+1L) | 0.8 | 0.800 hr/m² | Lighter precast panels | — | |||||||||||||||||
39 | E | Clay block screenwall | 12 | m²/day | Gang (1M+1L) | 0.6666666667 | 0.667 hr/m² | Light clay blocks, fastest | — | |||||||||||||||||
40 | F | Glass blockwall | 10 | m²/day | Gang (1M+1L) | 0.8 | 0.800 hr/m² | Careful handling needed | — | |||||||||||||||||
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42 | SECTION E — ROOFING & CEILING (Gang: 2 Carpenters + 1 Labour) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
43 | # | Activity / Work Type | Output (day) | Unit | Crew Type | hr / unit | Formula in Schedule | Notes / Conditions | Template Col L (current) | |||||||||||||||||
44 | A | Gable roof bungalow @ 3.5m | 25 | m²/day | Gang (2C+1L) | 0.96 | 0.960 hr/m² | Per person in gang. 25m²/day total | Formula: 8/(130/3) ≈ 0.185 | |||||||||||||||||
45 | B | Gable roof 3-storey @ 6.5m | 15 | m²/day | Gang (2C+1L) | 1.6 | 1.600 hr/m² | Per person, higher level slower | — | |||||||||||||||||
46 | C | Gable roof 3-storey @ 9.5m | 9 | m²/day | Gang (2C+1L) | 2.666666667 | 2.667 hr/m² | Per person, highest level slowest | — | |||||||||||||||||
47 | D | Ceiling noggins (framing) | 30 | m²/day | Gang (2C+1L) | 0.8 | 0.800 hr/m² | Per person | Formula: 8/30 per carpenter | |||||||||||||||||
48 | K | Aluminium roofing sheet, bungalow | 130 | m²/day | Gang (2C+1L) | 0.1846153846 | 0.185 hr/m² | Per person in 3-man gang | Formula: 8/(130/3)=0.185 | |||||||||||||||||
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50 | SECTION F — JOINERY (DOORS) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
51 | # | Activity / Work Type | Output (day) | Unit | Crew Type | hr / unit | Formula in Schedule | Notes / Conditions | Template Col L (current) | |||||||||||||||||
52 | A | Fix hollow-core flush door (pair hinges+lock) | 4 | Nr/day | Skilled | 2 | 2.000 hr/Nr | "Fix only" — door pre-made+delivered | Formula: 5hr/nr | |||||||||||||||||
53 | B | Fix solid-core flush door | 3 | Nr/day | Skilled | 2.666666667 | 2.667 hr/Nr | "Fix only" — solid door, heavier | Formula: 6hr/nr (incl. build-in) | |||||||||||||||||
54 | C | Fix hardwood framed door | 2 | Nr/day | Skilled | 4 | 4.000 hr/Nr | "Fix only" — frame+hang+hardware | Formula: 7hr/nr (incl. frame) | |||||||||||||||||
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56 | SECTION G — FINISHINGS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
57 | # | Activity / Work Type | Output (day) | Unit | Crew Type | hr / unit | Formula in Schedule | Notes / Conditions | Template Col L (current) | |||||||||||||||||
58 | A | Plastering wall | 18 | m²/day | Skilled | 0.4444444444 | 0.444 hr/unit | Typical wall rendering/plaster 13mm | Formula: 8/18 = 0.44hr/m² | |||||||||||||||||
59 | B | Plastering ceiling soffit ≤3.5m | 10 | m²/day | Skilled | 0.8 | 0.800 hr/unit | Overhead work, slower | — | |||||||||||||||||
60 | C | Plastering 4-sided column | 6 | m/day | Skilled | 1.333333333 | 1.333 hr/unit | Per linear metre of column | — | |||||||||||||||||
61 | D | Plastering 3-sided beam | 25 | m²/day | Skilled | 0.32 | 0.320 hr/unit | Beam soffit+sides | — | |||||||||||||||||
62 | E | Screeding floor 50mm thick | 25 | m²/day | Skilled | 0.32 | 0.320 hr/unit | At 50mm. 25mm≈35m²/day → 0.229hr | Formula: 8/35 = 0.23hr/m² | |||||||||||||||||
63 | F | Floor tiling 300×300 with screed bed | 10 | m²/day | Skilled | 0.8 | 0.800 hr/unit | 300×300 tiles. 600×600≈13m²/day | Formula: 8/13 = 0.6hr/m² | |||||||||||||||||
64 | G | Wall tiling 300×300 with screed backing | 8 | m²/day | Skilled | 1 | 1.000 hr/unit | 300×300 tiles. 400×400≈9m²/day | Formula: 8/9 = 0.89hr/m² | |||||||||||||||||
65 | H | Build-in & dress single door frame | 2 | Nr/day | Skilled | 4 | 4.000 hr/unit | Frame, pack, point | Combined with hang in template | |||||||||||||||||
66 | K | Build-in & dress window 1200×1200mm | 2 | Nr/day | Skilled | 4 | 4.000 hr/unit | Fix frame in opening, point round | — | |||||||||||||||||
67 | L | Build-in & dress window 1800×1200mm | 1 | Nr/day | Skilled | 8 | 8.000 hr/unit | Larger window, more work | — | |||||||||||||||||
68 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
69 | NOTE: All outputs are for normal soil conditions and standard Nigerian construction practice. Adjust for difficult access, heights above 3.5m, or non-standard materials. Gang rates (Mason+Labour, 2 Carpenters+Labour) bill each worker separately in the Schedule. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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71 | SECTION H — SITE EFFICIENCY FACTOR (Apply to all Labour Hours) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
72 | The Site Efficiency Factor adjusts all labour hours for real-world Nigerian site conditions (weather, Ramadan, material handling delays, supervision gaps). A factor of 0.85 means workers are 85% productive — multiply all Schedule Col L hours by (1 ÷ factor) to get field-adjusted hours. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
73 | Factor Code | Site Condition | Efficiency Factor | Equivalent Output | Labour Hour Multiplier | Recommended For | ||||||||||||||||||||
74 | EF-1 | Controlled / Ideal conditions | 1.00 | 100% of norm | × 1.00 | Factory, controlled environment | ||||||||||||||||||||
75 | EF-2 | Good site — dry, good management | 0.90 | 90% of norm | × 1.11 | Well-managed Lagos/Abuja site | ||||||||||||||||||||
76 | EF-3 | Typical Nigerian site ◄ DEFAULT | 0.85 | 85% of norm | × 1.18 | Average conditions — use this | ||||||||||||||||||||
77 | EF-4 | Wet season or remote site | 0.75 | 75% of norm | × 1.33 | Rainy season, far from suppliers | ||||||||||||||||||||
78 | EF-5 | Adverse — very remote / conflicts | 0.65 | 65% of norm | × 1.54 | Northern remote, Ramadan, disputes | ||||||||||||||||||||
79 | HOW TO USE: (1) Select your Site Condition above. (2) In Col L of the Schedule, multiply each hour formula by the Labour Hour Multiplier. EXAMPLE: Mason blockwork 225mm: normally =8/6 = 1.333hr/m². On a typical Nigerian site (EF-3): =8/6 × 1.18 = 1.571hr/m². Alternatively, use the Factor cell (0.85) to scale your total Labour Cost in the Grand Summary. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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81 | SECTION I — CONCRETE GRADE & MIX RATIO REFERENCE TABLE (Nigerian Practice) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
82 | All mix ratios by volume (cement:fine aggregate:coarse aggregate). Cement bags based on 50kg bag = 0.0347m³. Dry rodded bulk density used. Water-cement ratio: 0.45-0.55 for structural (0.55 max for durability). Aggregates: specify 20mm clean crushed granite; Zone II sharp river sand. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
83 | Grade | BESMM4 Mix Ratio | Cement (bags/m³) | Sharp Sand (m³/m³) | Granite 20mm (m³/m³) | Water (m³/m³) | Typical Application | |||||||||||||||||||
84 | C10 | 1:4:8 | 4 | 0.538 | 0.768 | 0.120 | Weak blinding, oversite fill, backing concrete | Very weak blinding only — site roads, oversite fill, not structural | ||||||||||||||||||
85 | C15 | 1:3:6 (or 1:2:5) | 5 | 0.525 | 0.748 | 0.125 | Blinding, mass fill, pathways (no rebar) | |||||||||||||||||||
86 | C20 | 1:2:4 | 7 | 0.5 | 0.713 | 0.180 | Mass paving slabs, unreinforced walls, foundations <1.5m | |||||||||||||||||||
87 | C25 | 1:1.5:3 | 9 | 0.477 | 0.68 | 0.200 | ★ STANDARD STRUCTURAL RC: Columns, beams, slabs, lintels, stairs | ★ STANDARD STRUCTURAL RC: Columns, beams, slabs, lintels, stairs. NOTE: This schedule uses Grade C20 (1:2:4) for all structural items acceptable for residential buildings under BS 8110/NCP. Upgrade to C25 (1:1.5:3) for critical or multi-storey structures. | ||||||||||||||||||
88 | C30 | 1:1.5:3 | 9 | 0.477 | 0.68 | 0.175 | High-stress members, water-retaining structures, piling | |||||||||||||||||||
89 | C35 | 1:1:2 | 13 | 0.437 | 0.624 | 0.150 | Pre-stressed, heavily reinforced, aggressive environment | |||||||||||||||||||
90 | Screed 1:4 | — | 0.22 | 0.031 | — | 0.020 | 25mm cement:sand floor screed (no coarse aggregate) | |||||||||||||||||||
91 | Mortar 1:6 | — | 0.4 | 0.083 | — | 0.030 | Blockwork bedding mortar (225mm, 150mm hollow blocks) | |||||||||||||||||||
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