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Explanation of how to use this calculator:
https://labmuffin.com/free-acid-calculator-for-exfoliants-at-specific-ph-levels/
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Put the details of your formulation into the yellow boxes, and the
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overall % of free acid in the product will appear in the green box.
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Important note: The free acid value does not translate into specific skincare effects.
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Concentration (%)1Overall % Free Acid0.45%
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Do not put "%" in the above box
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pH3.5
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AcidMandelic
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Calculation Stuff
Acid Data
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AcidMandelicAcidProtons
Molar Mass
pKa1pKa2pKa3
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Protons1Glycolic176.053.83
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Molar mass152.15Lactic190.083.86
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pKa13.41
Mandelic
1152.153.41
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pKa2
Salicylic
1138.122.97
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pKa3TCA1163.380.66
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Concentration (M)0.06572461387
Ascorbic
1176.124.1
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Free Acid0.02946936922Citric3192.123.134.766.39
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% Free Acid44.83764527Malic2134.093.45.2
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% Overall0.4483764527
Gluconolactone
1178.143.7
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Lactobionic acid
1358.2963.8
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Hypochlorous acid
152.467.53
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