Bir- Biodiversity

	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H	I	J
1	This list is and will continue to be a work in progress. To contribute to the list, corrections or more information, please add a comment or email us at shunyaearth@gmail.com.
2	PLANTS	LOCAL NAME	BOTANICAL NAME	LIFE CYCLE	DECIDUOUS / EVERGREEN	PROPAGATION	USES	CHARACTERISTICS	PRICE / sapling Rs.	family

3
4	BROADLEAVED TREES
5	RHODODENDRON	Bras	Rhododendron arboreum	Long	D		Wood for tool handles, boxes and posts, sometimes for buildings, as fuel. The tender leaves are used as vegetable, and are also applied to the forehead to relieve headache.flowers, sourish sweet in taste, are eaten but when consumed in excess, they are said to cause intoxication. Petals for chutney, jam, syrup, juice. They are also used medicinally to cure diarrhoea and dysentery.
6	WHITE OAK	Baan	Quercus leucotrichophora	Long	D
7	HIMALAYAN POPLAR	Banpipal	Populus ciliata	Long	D	Seeds/Cuttings	The bark has medicinal properties and used in tearing rheumatism and fevers also to relieve the menstrual cramps. For planking, matches, water troughs, apple boxes, fencing and house construction in the tribal belt of Himachal. Exotic poplars were initially introduced in India to meet the needs of match industry. Later, poplar wood began to be used extensively in making plywood. It is also an excellent source of fibre for various grades of paper.	Wood	Available at Palampur University
8	HILL NEEM / MAHA NEEM	Drek	Melia dubia	Long	D	Seeds	The wood does well if not exposed to natural elements- used for packing cases, ceiling planks, building purposes, agricultural implements, pencils, match boxes, splints, kattamarans, musical instruments and tea boxes.	Fast growing	100
9	WHITE WILLOW	Beyuns	Salix alba	Long	D	Seeds/Stem cuttings	Fodder, timber, fibre, craft, windbreak, hedges
10	WEEPING WILLOW	Beyuns	Salix babylonica	Long	D	Seeds/Stem cuttings on onset of monsoon	Fodder, timber, fibre, craft, windbreak, hedges	Fast growing, likes water	Available at Palampur University
11	BEUL / BHIMAL	Beul	Grevia optiva	Long	D		Fodder, edible fruit, timber, bark useful as fibre	Wood has unpleasent smell
12		Bhadrol	Machilus odoratissima	Long	D		Fodder
13	ORCHID TREE	Kachnaar	Bauhinia variegata	Long	D	Saplings available at Palampur University in June	Fodder	Legume	Available at Palampur University
14	NEPAL ALDER	Kunish / Unis / Seur	Alnus nepalensis	Long	D		Bark yields tannin	Likes water
15	NETTLE TREE	Khirk	Celtis australis	Long	D		Fodder, timber, ripe fruits are edible
16	KODA TREE	Punna	Ehretia acuminata	Long			Timber	Fast growing
17	RED CEDAR / INDIAN MAHOGANY	Tuni	Toona ciliata	Long	D	Seed / Saplings available at Palampur University in June	Timber	Fast growing, Belongs to Meliaceae (neem) family
18	SOAP NUT	Reetha	Sapindus mukorossi	Long	D	Seed / Saplings available at Palampur University in June	Fruit used as soap, oil from seed, fodder, timber	Good for stabilising eroded hill slopes.
19	CRAPE MYRTLE	Saoni	Lagerstroemia indica	Long			The stem bark is febrifuge, stimulant and styptic. The bark, flowers and leaves are considered to be hydrogogue and a drastic purgative. A paste of the flowers is applied externally to cuts and wounds. The root is astringent, detoxicant and diuretic. A decoction of the flowers is used in the treatment of colds. Timber also useful.	Pink flowers
20	SUGARBERRY	Meryano	Ulmus laevigata
21	CAMPHOR	Kapur	Cinnamomum camphora	Long	E	Seed / Saplings available at Palampur University in June	Medicinal, camphor oil from leaves and bark, windbreaker, leaves and wood can be used for mulch, compost, no alleleopathy, timber	Fast growing, broad root system, drought tolerant, roots go deep and wide for water,
22	INDIAN ROSEWOOD	Taali	Dalbergia sissoo	Long
23	MYROBALAN	Harad	Terminalia chebula	Long		Seed	Fruits laxative, stomachic, tonic and alterative. Bark diuretic and cardio tonic. Kernels yield fatty oil. Tree yields a gum.
24	KAPOK / SILK COTTON	Simbal	Ceiba pentandra	Long	D	Seed/Cutting	For matchwood and light plywood containers. Also used for packing cases, shingles, well-curbs, brush handles, dug-outs, etc. Floss from the tree is the Silk Cotton or Indian Kapok, which is used for stuffing cushions, pillows, upholstery, packing, etc. Bark exudes a gum, known as mochras, which is of great medicinal value. Inner bark yields a good fibre suitable for cordage.
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26	CONIFER
27	HIMALAYAN CEDAR	Deodar	Cedrus deodara	Long		Seeds	Most important and valuable timber of Himachal, used for construction of houses, temples, etc. it also has medicinal properties and its wood paste is applied on forehead as a substitute for chandan. Oil for perfumes and soaps. Earlier it was used nationwide for railway sleepers.		Available at the Bir forest dept.
28	PINE	Chil	Pinus roxburghil				Timber for houses, fuel wood and furniture. Needles are collected as mulch for cattle shed and for packing fruits. Resin is tapped from this tree.	3 needled
29	BLUE PINE	Kail	Pinus wallichiana				Timber for construction of houses and fuel wood. Needles are collected as mulch for cattle shed and for packing fruits	5 needled
30	SILVER OAK		Grevillea robusta			Seed	Fuel, fodder, timber
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32	LEGUME
33	BLACK LOCUST	Tiddi	Robinia pseudoacacia	Perrineal		Collect seeds from trees in June/July. Saplings available at Palampur University in June.	Biomass, firewood, soil conditioning and stabalisation, can be copiced, edible flowers	Fast growing, legume	100	butterfly's
34	CUTCH TREE	Khair	Acacia catechu
35	RIVER TAMARIND	Subabool	Leucaena leucocephala		E	Seeds/Cuttings / Saplings available at Palampur Univesity in June	Fodder, fuel, Mulch, soil conditioning
36	SILK TREE	Ohi	Albizia chinensis		D/E		Fodder for goats, shade for shrubs	Legume
37	LEBEKK	Shirish	Albizia lebbeck
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39	WILD FRUITS
40	WILD CHERRY	Pajja	Prunus paddam				Fodder, timber
41	WILD PEAR	Kainth	Pyrus pashia				Used for fencing and for making agricultural implements. Fruits are dried and relished. Most importantly horticulturists are using it, as a suitable rootstock for pear.
42	WILD PEACH	Behmi	Prunus mira
43	WILD APRICOT	Chulli	Prunus sp.
44	WILD FIG	Dhura	Ficus palmata		D	Naturally in the forest		Rootstock for fig, edible fruit
45	CLUSTER FIG	Triambal	Ficus roxburghii
46	BAYBERRY	Kaphal	Myrica esculenta	Perinneal	D	Naturally in the forest	Edible fruit, medicinal bark		-
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48	FRUIT TREES
49	JAVA PLUM	Jamun	Syzygium cumini
50	APPLE	Seb			D	Grafting
51	PEAR	Nashpati	Pyrus communis		D	Grafting
52	PLUM	Aloobukhara			D	Grafting
53	PEACH	Aadu			D	Grafting
54	MANDARIN	Kinnu				Grafting
55	K-LIME	Kaagzi nimbu	Citrus aurantifolia			Grafting
56	CITRON	Galgal
57	POMEGRANATE	Daru			D	Grafting
58	FIG	Anjeer	Ficus Carica		D				Lobed palmate leaves
59	WALNUT	Akhrot			D
60	APRICOT	Khumani			D	Grafting
61	LOUQAT					Seeds
62	PECAN NUT
63	GUAVA	Amrood				Seeds
64	BANANA	Kela	Musa	6-12 months		Division	Edible fruit and stem, compost	Can feed on wastewater, organic waste	100
65	PAPAYA	Papita				Seeds
66	ROSE APPLE	Gulab jamun	Syzygium cumini			Division
67	PRICKLY ASH	Tirmira	Zanthoxylum armatum			Seed / Cutting	Fruits, seeds, and bark used as aromatic tonic in dyspepsia and fever. Fruits and seeds are beneficial in dental troubles, thus used to prepare dental paste and powder. Tender twigs are used to brush teeth and used as a remedy for toothache. The essential oil from fruits (known as Wartara oil) has deodorant and antiseptic properties.
68	MULBERRY WHITE	Toot	Morus alba	75-100 years	D	Seed/Cutting	Edible leaf/fruit, fodder for cow, goat, sheep, chicken, rabbit, firewood, compost	Fast growing, deciduous	100
69	MULBERRY RED	Toot	Morus rubra
70	MULBERRY BLACK	Toot	Morus nigra
71	TREE TOMATO	Daal tamatar	Solanum betaceum	Medium	D	Seed	Edible fruit	Deciduous	100
72	BEL	Bel patra	Aegle marmelos
73	INDIAN GOOSEBERRY	Amla	Emblica Officinalis					fast growing, legume
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75	SHRUBS
76	CAPE GOOSBERRY	Rasbhari	Physalis peruviana	Medium		Seed	Edible fruit	Self-seeding	100
77	BLACKBERRY	Kali berry	Rubus	Medium		Seed/Layering/Cutting	Edible fruit	Needs wall/ trellis for support	100
78	KALE	Karam saag	Brassica oleracea var. sabellica	Medium		Seed/Cutting	Edible leaves	Short plant	100
79	COLLARDS	Haak saag	Brassica oleracea var. acephala	Medium		Seed	Edible leaves	Short plant	100
80	WILD AMARANTH	Chaulai		Summer/Monsoon	-	Self seeding	Edible leaves and seeds
81	WILD BUCKWHEAT	Phaphroo	Fagopyrum dibotrys	Summer/Monsoon	-	Sapling/Self seeding	Edible leaves, tender shoots
82	BUCKWHEAT	Bhares	F. esculentum	Summer/Monsoon		Seed	Edible leaves, tender shoots
83	HIMALAYAN RASPBERRY	Aakhey	Rubus ellipticus	Medium		Seed/Layering/Cutting
84	BLACK ELDERBERRY		Sambucus Nigra	Medium		Seed/Cutting
85	CASTOR PLANT	Arandi	Ricinus communis	Summer/Monsoon		Seed	Fast-growing, oil from beans, medicinal	Seed is poisonous.
86	DHATURA
87	STINGING NETTLE (multiple varities)	Aen	Urtica dioica	Perennial		Seed	Leaves harvested in spring/summer. Edible when blanched or cooked. Can be used raw in infusions.
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89	GRASS
90	LEMONGRASS	Nimbu ghaas	Cymbopogon citratus	Medium		Division	Edible leaves and stalk	Needs moist soil	20
91	TALL FESCUE	Fescue	Festuca	Medium		Division	Fodder for cow, mulch	Fast growing, edge planting	50
92	RYE GRASS		Lolium
93	FIDDLEHEAD FERN	Lungdu	Diplazium esciilentum	Medium		Transplant from wild	Young fronds can be cooked as vegetable
94	SUGARCANE					Cuttings
95	WILD BAMBOO	Rangaad	Bambuseae	Perinneal		Naturally in the forest	Craft, trellis, light fencing	Clumping, fast growing	-
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97	HERBS
98	GARLIC CHIVES	Jungali lehsun	Allium tuberosum	Perinneal		Division	Edible leaves	Understory plant	50
99	ONION CHIVES	Jungali pyaz	Allium schoenoprasum	Perinneal		Division	Edible leaves	Understory plant	NA for 2018
100	MINT	Pudina	Mentha	Perinneal		Runner	Edible leaves and stalk	Loves water	20