focus or point of regard is restored when a temporary change of view is undone.

Sections of content have clear visual and programmatic labeled

Organized: Content is organized with related information is grouped together with the structure presented visually and semantically (102)

Content is organized with related information is grouped together with the structure presented visually and semantically

Clear Navigation: Navigation elements are clearly differentiated from content, both visually and programmatically (103)

Navigation elements are clearly differentiated from content, both visually and programmatically

Multiple Ways: At least two ways of navigating and finding information are available (Search, Scan, Site Map, Menu Structure, Breadcrumbs, contextual links, etc) (104)

At least two ways of navigating and finding information are available (Search, Scan, Site Map, Menu Structure, Breadcrumbs, contextual links, etc)

Persistent Navigation: Navigation features remain available regardless of screen size and magnification (responsive design) (105)

Navigation features remain available regardless of screen size and magnification (responsive design)

Navigation elements remain consistent across views

The steps and directions needed to complete a process are clearly indicated.

The starting point or home is clearly labeled visually and programmatically

My current location is visually and programmatically indicated

Mechanisms exist to find media that has the desired media alternatives available

Audio and Video Alternatives

Media provides a clear mechanism for enabling the media alternatives available

Audio and Video Alternatives

Audio and Text Descriptions: Audio and text descriptions are available that provide non-visual access to visual content. (112)

Audio and text descriptions are available that provide non-visual access to visual content.

Audio and Video Alternatives

[Audio Alt] Text alternatives to the information conveyed by the audio track exist.

Audio and Video Alternatives

Audio Alternative in Preferred Language: The audio alternative is available in my preferred or needed language (114)

Audio Alternative in Preferred Language

The audio alternative is available in my preferred or needed language

Audio and Video Alternatives

Audio alternative has extra functionality to help me understand content better

Audio and Video Alternatives

Captions are available as an alternative within Virtual reality.

Audio and Video Alternatives

Media alternatives by color alone

Media alternatives covers the color perception information

Audio and Video Alternatives

Information conveyed via sound is also conveyed through non-audio means

Audio and Video Alternatives

Uncommon words: Provide definitions of uncommon or new words using either an inline definition, one-click to a glossary, or a pop-up glossary. (119)

Provide definitions of uncommon or new words using either an inline definition, one-click to a glossary, or a pop-up glossary.

Acronyms and abbreviations: Provide expanded versions of acronyms and abbreviations using one of the techniques in SC 3.1.4 Abbreviations. (120)

Provide expanded versions of acronyms and abbreviations using one of the techniques in SC 3.1.4 Abbreviations.

Ambiguous pronunciation: Make available the characters, such as accent marks, needed to phonetically read words. (121)

Make available the characters, such as accent marks, needed to phonetically read words.

Use the verb tense that is easiest to understand in context.

Use the voice that is easiest to understand in context.

Number of ideas in a sentence: Aim to express one idea per sentence by avoiding multiple dependent clauses. (124)

Aim to express one idea per sentence by avoiding multiple dependent clauses.

Unnecessary words or phrases: Avoid filler words, such as “that,” or phrases, such as “needless to say,” “and so forth,” and “going to go,” unless they are essential to aid understanding. (125)

Avoid filler words, such as “that,” or phrases, such as “needless to say,” “and so forth,” and “going to go,” unless they are essential to aid understanding.

Implied meaning in figurative language: Explain figurative language or non-literal language such as jokes, sarcasm, hyperbole, metaphors, similes, and idioms. (126)

Implied meaning in figurative language

Explain figurative language or non-literal language such as jokes, sarcasm, hyperbole, metaphors, similes, and idioms.

Explain Nonverbal cues in audio or video media: Explain nonverbal cues in captions or audio descriptions,such as tone of voice, facial expressions, body gestures, or music with emotional meaning. (127)

Explain Nonverbal cues in audio or video media

Explain nonverbal cues in captions or audio descriptions,such as tone of voice, facial expressions, body gestures, or music with emotional meaning.

Summary of long documents or media: Provide short, plain-language summary for long pieces of content such as articles or videos, similar to abstracts for scientific papers or executive summaries for business reports. (128)

Summary of long documents or media

Provide short, plain-language summary for long pieces of content such as articles or videos, similar to abstracts for scientific papers or executive summaries for business reports.

Section length: Organize content in manageable sections, such as five or six paragraphs per section in an article or chapters in a long video, to make the information easier to understand and to avoid overwhelming users. (129)

Organize content in manageable sections, such as five or six paragraphs per section in an article or chapters in a long video, to make the information easier to understand and to avoid overwhelming users.

Descriptive section headers: Use section headers such as H1, H2, H3, to separate each section so that users can skim the page and find what they need. (130)

Use section headers such as H1, H2, H3, to separate each section so that users can skim the page and find what they need.

Break long text into short paragraphs that focus on one idea.

Topic sentence: Put the aim or purpose at the beginning of each paragraph. This is especially important in sections with more than one paragraph. (132)

Put the aim or purpose at the beginning of each paragraph. This is especially important in sections with more than one paragraph.

Lists: Use bulleted or numbered lists to present text in a more scannable format and help users focus on important information. (133)

Use bulleted or numbered lists to present text in a more scannable format and help users focus on important information.

Use numbered steps to identify all the steps in a process and the order in which they happen.

White Spacing: Use whitespace (also called “negative space” or “blank spacing”) to separate chunks of content. (135)

Use whitespace (also called “negative space” or “blank spacing”) to separate chunks of content.

Clear Background: Help users focus on the text by avoiding distracting backgrounds such as subtle floral designs or photos. Test TBD. COGA pattern 4.4.11 (136)

Help users focus on the text by avoiding distracting backgrounds such as subtle floral designs or photos. Test TBD. COGA pattern 4.4.11

Supplements to aid understanding of text: Help users understand text using images, diagrams, video clips, etc. (137)

Supplements to aid understanding of text

Help users understand text using images, diagrams, video clips, etc.

Supplements to aid understanding of numerical concepts: Help users understand numerical concepts, such as weather forecasts that pair low temperatures with descriptions like “very cold.” (138)

Supplements to aid understanding of numerical concepts

Help users understand numerical concepts, such as weather forecasts that pair low temperatures with descriptions like “very cold.”

Ambiguous numerical formatting: Avoid or mark up ambiguous numerical formatting such as Roman numerals, dates, and long numbers to aid user understanding and also pronunciation by text-to-speech and screen readers. (139)

Ambiguous numerical formatting

Avoid or mark up ambiguous numerical formatting such as Roman numerals, dates, and long numbers to aid user understanding and also pronunciation by text-to-speech and screen readers.

Descriptive purpose: The described purpose accurately conveys the actual purpose of the content so the user can decide if the content satisfies their purpose or need. (140)

The described purpose accurately conveys the actual purpose of the content so the user can decide if the content satisfies their purpose or need.

Makes it clear when user input or action is required (to complete a process)

Makes clear the relationships between parts of the content

Makes it clear when a user is entering an agreement or submitting data

Makes it clear what parts of the page are interactive

Makes the purpose of each section of the content clear

Provides consistent indications of purpose

Provides a means of transforming content to make its purpose clearer

Indicates when it is using a controlled vocabulary or ontology

Follows established conventions (common usage? platform guides?)

Provides context that orients the user in a site or multi-step process.

Minimum text contrast: The rendered text against its background meets a minimum ‘contrast ratio test’ for its text appearance and use. (154)

The rendered text against its background meets a minimum ‘contrast ratio test’ for its text appearance and use.

Maximum text contrast: The rendered text against its background meets a maximum ‘contrast ratio test’ for its text appearance and use. (155)

The rendered text against its background meets a maximum ‘contrast ratio test’ for its text appearance and use.

Non-Text Contrast: Visual information required to identify user interface components and states meets the ‘colour contrast threshold’, except for inactive components or where the appearance of the component is determined by the user agent and not modified by the author; (156)

Visual information required to identify user interface components and states meets the ‘colour contrast threshold’, except for inactive components or where the appearance of the component is determined by the user agent and not modified by the author;

Interaction indicators have sufficient contrast and thickness

Contrast of visual information: Meaningful information in graphics and interfaces does not rely solely on color to convey meaning (158)

Meaningful information in graphics and interfaces does not rely solely on color to convey meaning

Visual Design of Controls: Interactive controls (except links and buttons) that have similar function and behavior are consistent in visual design, so that users do not have to learn how to use more control types than necessary. (159)

Interactive controls (except links and buttons) that have similar function and behavior are consistent in visual design, so that users do not have to learn how to use more control types than necessary.

Behavior of controls: Interactive controls that have similar function and design are consistent in behavior, so that users do not have to learn how to use more control types than necessary. (160)

Interactive controls that have similar function and design are consistent in behavior, so that users do not have to learn how to use more control types than necessary.

Controls are distinguishable from non-controls so users know what is interactive.

Web Navigation location indicator: Provide at least one ‘indicator of location’ within the ‘set of web pages’ of the current location, so that users can orient themselves (162)

Web Navigation location indicator

Provide at least one ‘indicator of location’ within the ‘set of web pages’ of the current location, so that users can orient themselves

Consistent Navigation: Navigation mechanisms are consistent, so that users spend less cognitive effort on them, allowing them to focus on the “intended task” (163)

Navigation mechanisms are consistent, so that users spend less cognitive effort on them, allowing them to focus on the “intended task”

Visual indicator for change of context: If the activation of a user interface component that visually does not anticipate a change of context, leads to a change of context, provide a visual indicator beforehand to clarify this, so that users are not surprised (164)

Visual indicator for change of context

If the activation of a user interface component that visually does not anticipate a change of context, leads to a change of context, provide a visual indicator beforehand to clarify this, so that users are not surprised

Ability to reverse a change of context: If the activation of a user interface component that visually does not anticipate a change of context, leads to a change of context, the user has the ability to reverse a change of context to easily return to a previous state or location. (165)

Ability to reverse a change of context

If the activation of a user interface component that visually does not anticipate a change of context, leads to a change of context, the user has the ability to reverse a change of context to easily return to a previous state or location.

Understanding Tasks Without Learning Interactions: The tasks available in a view can be understood without needing to learn new interactions, to minimize cognitive overhead for users. (166)

Understanding Tasks Without Learning Interactions

The tasks available in a view can be understood without needing to learn new interactions, to minimize cognitive overhead for users.

Order supports understanding: Content and interactions are presented in an order that supports understanding the interaction or content. (167)

Content and interactions are presented in an order that supports understanding the interaction or content.

Related content: Related content (i.e. sub-content, meta-content, and editorial content) and its context or relevant order is presented in an order that supports understanding the content. (168)

Related content (i.e. sub-content, meta-content, and editorial content) and its context or relevant order is presented in an order that supports understanding the content.

Focus or point of regard is restored when a temporary change of view is undone.

Virtual cursor: Content and interactions are presented to users of assistive technologies when using mechanisms that convey alternative points of regard or focus (i.e. virtual cursor). (170)

Content and interactions are presented to users of assistive technologies when using mechanisms that convey alternative points of regard or focus (i.e. virtual cursor).

Content only contains relevant elements in the focus order.

The order of content and interactions remain consistent throughout a workflow.

When previously viewed content is changed, the user is notified.

Notify before activation: Controls that can alter the order of content convey their purpose prior to activation, and convey their impact on content order when activated. (175)

Controls that can alter the order of content convey their purpose prior to activation, and convey their impact on content order when activated.

The function of controls can be distinguished visually.

Control and Focus Appearance

Visually Distinguishable Controls: Controls are visually distinct from non-controls OR Users can distinguish controls from non-controls. (177)

Visually Distinguishable Controls

Controls are visually distinct from non-controls OR Users can distinguish controls from non-controls.

Control and Focus Appearance

Users are able to determine where the pointer is located.

Control and Focus Appearance

Visible keyboard focus indicator

The user can visually locate the keyboard focus

Control and Focus Appearance

Change focus with pointer device

Selecting an element with a ‘pointer’ sets the focus to that element.

Control and Focus Appearance

The user can determine what mode keyboard input is in.

Control and Focus Appearance

All operable controls must be available to all navigation and input methods

User settings are honored when using or reviewing content

Controls must be distinguishable from the rest of the content.

Element states are available and accurately conveyed.

Updates to controls are available and accurately conveyed.

The importance(/prioritization) of controls is defined.

Non text content has a text alternative

non-text content that requires a text alternative has one

Provides notification of an error so users know that an error has occurred.

Notifications describe errors: Provides a clear message describing the error so users understand the cause of the error. (192)

Provides a clear message describing the error so users understand the cause of the error.

Instructions provided to remedy errors: Provides instructions in response to an error so users know what steps to take to remedy the error. If it is known that there is nothing the user can do, say so. (193)

Instructions provided to remedy errors

Provides instructions in response to an error so users know what steps to take to remedy the error. If it is known that there is nothing the user can do, say so.

Timely and targeted guidance: Provides notification when the error occurs and identifies the source of error so users can readily refocus and remedy the error. Note: what is timely for the type of error? E.g spelling error, vs. an error that requires a server verification like that a credit card number is authentic. (194)

Provides notification when the error occurs and identifies the source of error so users can readily refocus and remedy the error. Note: what is timely for the type of error? E.g spelling error, vs. an error that requires a server verification like that a credit card number is authentic.

Input instructions provided: Provides instructions for inputs that have requirements (for example, required, date, password) so users know how to provide valid information. (195)

Provides instructions for inputs that have requirements (for example, required, date, password) so users know how to provide valid information.

Moderated form completion: Guides data entry, provides validation, and moderates form completion so users can avoid data entry errors. (196)

Guides data entry, provides validation, and moderates form completion so users can avoid data entry errors.

Text can be resized so that the user is able to read the text with no loss of functionality

Reflow: Content can be viewed in multiple sizes, orientations (boundaries tbd), and zoom levels without loss of content, functionality and meaningful relationships AND with scrolling only occurring in 1 direction. (198)

Content can be viewed in multiple sizes, orientations (boundaries tbd), and zoom levels without loss of content, functionality and meaningful relationships AND with scrolling only occurring in 1 direction.

Line length size is adaptable so that the user can narrow the line length size