| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | AA | AB | AC | AD | AE | AF | AG | AH | AI | ||
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1 | 111 | http://bit.ly/you3dit-au2018 | Step 1 | Step 2 | Step 2 | Step 2 | Step 3a | Step 3b | Step 3c | Step 3d | Step 3e | 3e | 3e | Step 3f | ||||||||||||||||||||||
2 | # | Category | Name | Acronym (suggested) | Context | SubContext | Detailed Description (where the designer considers...) | Comments | Categorize (Qualitative - Text) | Categorize (Qualitative - Images / Video) | Categorize (Quantitative) | Parse | Plot | Process | Prioritize | Publish / Produce (General) | P/P (Digital) | P/P (Physical / Test Artifacts) | Participate | Key People Contributor(s) | References | |||||||||||||||
3 | 31 | CAX | Computer-Aided X | Computer-Aided X | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
4 | 32 | CAX | CA(decision making) | CADM | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5 | 33 | CAX | CA(identification) | CAID | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
6 | 34 | CAX | CA(design thinking) | CDDT | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
7 | 35 | CAX | CA(materials selection) | CAMS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
8 | 36 | CAX | CA(quality assessment) | CAQA | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
9 | 37 | CAX | CA(mfg process selection) | CAMPS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
10 | 38 | CAX | CAD - Computer Aided Design | CAD | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
11 | 39 | CAX | CAM - Computer Aided Manufacturing | CAM | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
12 | 1 | DfX | Design For X | DfX | Process | X | The generic Design for X, whereby we design with X process, philosophy, constraint in mind | X is a constraint / enabler / inhibitor | Fundamentals, Applications, Implications, Rate Limits | http://bit.ly/you3dit-dfx | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
13 | 2 | DfX | DFM - Manufacturing | DfM | Manufacturing | Manufacturing (General) | The broad case of design for manufacture - whereby the designer intends to actually produce their design using common or conventional manufacturing processes | Fundamentals, Applications, Implications, Rate Limits | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
14 | 3 | DfX | DFMA - Manufacturing and Assembly | DfMA | Manufacturing | Manufacturing and Assembly (General) | Designer considers both the target manufacturing process(es) in the design phase as well as the assembly efficiency / effectiveness as it relates to the bottom line cost | Popularized by Boothroyd & Dewhurst | Fundamentals, Applications, Implications, Rate Limits | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
15 | 4 | DfX | DFMo - Design for Moldability (PIM) | DfMo | Manufacturing | Molding / Moldability | The nuances to plastic injection molding, metal injection molding, other molding processes. | One of the most common plastics manufacturing processes available for scale-production of parts. Designing a mold from a customer’s drawing required considerable skill and experience on the part of the moldmaker, who often suggested changes to a customer’s design to reduce costs or to make the proposed mold easier to manufacture. Due to the numerous technical decisions required to visually analyze the geometry of a part from a customer’s drawing, obtaining an injection mold has historically been an expensive and lengthy process. | Most Important Guidelines: a) 1 degree of draft for every inch of cavity depth b) radii of curvature - eliminating sharp corners on your part will improve material flow as well as part integrity. c) toolset available for mold making f) Ramps and gussets are yet another design element to strengthen and cosmetically improve your part. g) Core-Cavity The core and cavity are often referenced as the A and B sides or top and bottom halves of a mold. This design technique requires the outside and inside walls to be drafted so they are parallel to one another. h) Undercuts i) Gating and Ejection - Tab gates are most commonly used as they offer a mold technician the optimal processing capabilities and have the ability to be increased in size if the process requires it. k) Rapid overmolding: Bonding, Materials, Principles: . • The thickness of the overmold material should be less than or equal to that of the substrate below it. • The melting temperature of the overmolding material should be less than that of the substrate (as in our LSR example). • If chemical bonding isn’t practical, don’t despair. Mechanical interlocks are a great way to “hold it all together,” and should be used wherever possible. • Texturing of the substrate workpiece may help with adhesion. Texturing of the overmolded part may provide a better grip and more attractive surface. • The surface of the overmolded part should be even with or slightly below any adjacent substrate surfaces. | Most important Guidline Metrics: d) wall thickness - a function of selected material 0.045"-0.75" e) The ideal way to design ribs is by using a rib-to-wall thickness ratio of 40 to 60 percent the thickness of adjacent surfaces. The main body of the part should be designed thick enough so any adjacent rib extruded from it is about half of the thickness. j) 13 COSMETIC DEFECTS AND HOW TO AVOID THEM: Sink, Warp, Flash, Swirling, Knit Lines, Surface Imperfections, Drag, Vestiges, Jets / Orange Peels Etc., Tooling Costs Cost per part Lead time Material costs Part quantites Minimum Order Quantity (MOQ) | 1) https://ed218.files.wordpress.com/2018/05/im-for-dummies-en.pdf 2) https://additivemanufacturing.mit.edu 3) https://www.fredlaw.com/_asset/6r1c19/Blog_Mayeron-Order-in-Proto-Labs.pdf 4) Boothroyd, Dewhurst, Knight | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
16 | 5 | DfX | DFS - Sustainability | DfS | Sustainability | Sustainability (General) | Fundamentals, Applications, Implications, Rate Limits | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
17 | 6 | DfX | DFH - Design for Humanity | DfH | Sustainability | Humanity | Fundamentals, Applications, Implications, Rate Limits | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
18 | 7 | DfX | DFHM - Design for Hybrid Manufacturing | DfHM | Manufacturing | Hybrid Manufacturing | Fundamentals, Applications, Implications, Rate Limits | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
19 | 8 | DfX | DFAM - Design for Additive Manufacturing | DfAM | Additive Manufacturing | Additive Manufacturing (General) | Design for Additive Manufacturing Integrative Approach from MIT: "Job to be Done", DfAM Cards, Rapid Innovation Cycle | co-developed by Chris & the ADAPT / MITxPro team at MIT | Industries Decision Drivers Design Objectives AM Applications Material AM Processes Conventional Processes Enablers / Inhibitors Capacity / Capability Dimensions / Precision / Accuracy Process Physics Length scale: Micro, Meso, Macro Lattice Structures Support Structures? Types? Part Orientation Process Characteristics Hole Sizes / Slot Sizes Rate Limiting Steps? Sensitivity Analysis | Part Accuracy Motion Accuracy Shrinkage of Material Build Rate v. Layer Height Build Rate v. Yield Strength Build Rate v. Machine Cost Build Volume v. Machine Cost + many more | Industries Decision Drivers Design Objectives AM Applications Material AM Processes Conventional Processes Enablers / Inhibitors Capacity / Capability Dimensions / Precision / Accuracy Process Physics Length scale: Micro, Meso, Macro Lattice Structures Support Structures? Types? Part Orientation Process Characteristics Hole Sizes / Slot Sizes Rate Limiting Steps? Sensitivity Analysis | Many interactive graphs available here (for a cost): https://additivemanufacturing.mit.edu/ | What matters to me / us? My / our industry? My / our clients? Time > Cost > Quality / Performance Post aggregation / categorization, the following dimensions / vectors were extracted: Performance: geometry optimization, internal channels / cavities, tailored surface properties, design / part consolidation, SWP or Size, Weight, Power Production: Cost-effective @ low quantities Cost of AM parts are relatively invariant as production quantities increase As quantities increase, AM becomes less attractive as a prod method than CM Leverage design freedom of AM to realize better-performing and / or geometrically optimized parts | For me and my customers... We have to convince people to take bets on AM for both traditional uses and increasingly more advanced applications for AM. Often this involves convincing them on the value of: 1) Prototyping as a form of market experimentation via the Rapid Innovation Cycle. A truly iterative process where learning is the key objective; uncovering new product + market insights as well as generating customer validation data through prototype sales (exhanging some form of currency; money, personal information, time, etc.) 2) Leveraging the broad and powerful new applications of AM. Thus the DfAM Cards approach helps our clients get structure around the problem at hand; helps them visualize the pathway(s) to success in AM. | The Rapid Innovation Cycle http://bit.ly/RICpublication The MIT DfAM - Integrative Approach: Job to be Done DfAM Cards Rapid Innovation Cycle Process Validation Production https://additivemanufacturing.mit.edu 3DMIT Kit 3x parts illustrate the key AM process capabilities and limitations; Powder-Bed Fusion: Polymers (HP Multijet Fusion), Powder-Bed Fusion: Metals: SLM. Stereolithography. https://get.protolabs.com/mit-design-kit/ MITxPro: Process Design Rules https://additivemanufacturing.mit.edu | https://additivemanufacturing.mit.edu Design Guidelines for all 8 fundamental AM processes Assignments to challenge one's understanding Forums which foster communications to strengthen understanding, crowdsource help and build new collaborations. Video content to make understanding more accessible and fun | 3DMIT Kit: 3x parts illustrate the key AM process capabilities and limitations; Powder-Bed Fusion: Polymers (HP Multijet Fusion), Powder-Bed Fusion: Metals: SLM. Stereolithography. https://get.protolabs.com/mit-design-kit/ NIST Univ of Texas Austin Make Magazine | https://additivemanufacturing.mit.edu | chris@you3dit.com + many many more | 1) https://www.appliancedesign.com/ext/resources/WhitePapers/2016/Proto-Labs/3DP-DesignTip-Essentials-Small.pdf | ||||||||||||||||
20 | 9 | DfX | DFAM - Design for Advanced Manufacturing | DfAdvM | Manufacturing | Advanced Manufacturing | Fundamentals, Applications, Implications, Rate Limits | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
21 | 10 | DfX | DFD - Design for Disassembly | DfD | Assembly | Disassembly | Fundamentals, Applications, Implications, Rate Limits | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
22 | 11 | DfX | DfUX - Design for User Experience | DfUX | Stakeholder | User Experience | Fundamentals, Applications, Implications, Rate Limits | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
23 | 12 | DfX | DFC - Design for Customer | DfC | Stakeholder | Customer / Client | Fundamentals, Applications, Implications, Rate Limits | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
24 | 13 | DfX | DFSM - Design for Specific Machine | DfSM | Manufacturing Objective | Specific Machine | Fundamentals, Applications, Implications, Rate Limits | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
25 | 14 | DfX | DFSMFG - Design for specific manufacturer | DfSMFG | Manufacturing Objective | Specific Manufacturer / Contractor | Fundamentals, Applications, Implications, Rate Limits | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
26 | 15 | DfX | DFMod - Design for Modularity | DfMod | Design Objective | Modularity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
27 | 16 | DfX | DFE - Design for Environment | DfE | Sustainability | Environmental | Fundamentals, Applications, Implications, Rate Limits | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
28 | 17 | DfX | DFS - Design for Social Impact | DfSI | Sustainability | Social Impact | Fundamentals, Applications, Implications, Rate Limits | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
29 | 18 | DfX | DFSc - Design for Scale | DfSc | Performance | Scale | Fundamentals, Applications, Implications, Rate Limits | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
30 | 19 | DfX | DFElec - Design to avoid EMI problems | DfElec | Electrical | Electromagnetic Interference | Fundamentals, Applications, Implications, Rate Limits | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
31 | 20 | DfX | DFR - Design for Rendering | DfR | Design Objective | Rendering | Fundamentals, Applications, Implications, Rate Limits | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
32 | 40 | DfX | DfP - Design for Portability | DfP | Design Objective | Portability | Fundamentals, Applications, Implications, Rate Limits | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
33 | 41 | DfX | DfPr - Design for Prototyping | DfPr | Manufacturing | Prototyping | Prototyping can be used in many ways...but they're nearly always used to answer questions. They represent physical "questions" and "experiments" to in/validate our hypotheses about how things will work in the prototype's presence. | Design for prototyping is highly valuable when you're experimenting with a lot of concepts and are unsure if you'll be going to market with the concepts being tested. | Fundamentals, Applications, Implications, Rate Limits | Speed of production Accuracy of Prototype features Precision of Prototype features Cost of prototype Cost v. Fidelity Cost v. Speed Fidelity v. Speed Size of prototype, micro, meso, macro? Size v. cost Rate Limits? | https://www.3dsystems.com/node/64081?thankYou=1&label=undefined%20-%20Gated%20-%20Accelerate%20Design%20Cycles%20and%20Lower%20Production%20Costs%20eBook&url=/rapid-prototyping-ebook&ppp=No&pst=No&software=No&odm=No&healthcare=No&3d_printer=&software_product=&odm_area_of_interest=&healthcare_area_of_interest= | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
34 | 29 | EfX | Export for X | EfX | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
35 | 30 | EfX | Export for STL for Local 3D Printing | EfLM | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
36 | 21 | MfX | Manufacturing for X | MfX | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
37 | 22 | MfX | MFD - mfg for Design | MfD | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
38 | 23 | MfX | MFSp - mfg for speed | MfSp | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
39 | 24 | MfX | MFC - mfg for cost | MfC | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
40 | 25 | MfX | MFP - mfg for precision | MfP | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
41 | 26 | MfX | MFA - mfg for accuracy | MfA | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
42 | 27 | MfX | MFSc - mfg for scale | MfSc | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
43 | 28 | MfX | MFM - mfg for modularity | MfMod | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
44 | 42 | DfX | DfProd - Design for Production | DfProd | Manufacturing | Production Manufacturing | Fundamentals, Applications, Implications, Rate Limits | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
45 | 43 | DfX | DfT - Design for Tool / Tooling | DfT | Manufacturing Objective | Tools / Tooling (Specific) | Tooling is an art and a science. It requires the involvement of folks who have deep contextual expertise in both the application AND in the manufacturing methodologies being targeted for tool production. Knowing how a tool will be used from a UI / UX perspective in addition to how it will be made are critical issues to be sorted out. | Tools are used throughout the hardware industry. Both by SMBs and by large manufacturers. Sometimes this is the ONLY way to manufacture or assemble a particular part or product. | Tooling Quality Surface Quality / Finish Materials Selection; (metals, polymers (AM: DSM SOMOS composite resins) Fabrication Process Contexts: manufacturing, assembly, painting, post processing Ergonomics Productivity Operator Satisfaction Black Swans - uncovering, leveraging Key Benefitting Industries: Manufacturing, Automotive, Aerospace, Industrial, etc. Types of tools: Cutters, Jigs, Fixtures, Gauges, Molds (positive / negative parts) Complexity: low, medium, high Key Stakeholders: mfg / assy process, tooling, production, jig, fixture experts Interfacing components: nuts, washers, threaded fasteners, etc. Lead-time on Feedback: hours, days, weeks, months Stakeholder Feedback: qualitative (user comments on tool, survey results, rumors, reviews, etc.) Rate Limits: what are they? Process physics: Follow the material: what's the process? | Tooling Cost Tooling Size Leadtime for production Leadtime for feedback Cost of downtime Cost reductions ROI Cost per Part Stakeholder Feedback: Quantitative (amount paid for tool, time invested using tool, wear of tool, etc.) Rate Limits: quantify them? Process Times | Kirk Skaggs (Boeing), Brian Lamkin (Boeing), Dickson Dabell, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
46 | 44 | DfX | DfCons - Design for Construction | DfCons | Construction | Construction (General) | Fundamentals, Applications, Implications, Rate Limits | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
47 | 45 | DfX | DfCont - Design for Contractor | DfCont | Stakeholder | Contractor | Fundamentals, Applications, Implications, Rate Limits | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
48 | 46 | DfX | DfGD - Design for Generative Design | DfGD | Additive Manufacturing | Generative Design | Fundamentals, Applications, Implications, Rate Limits | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
49 | 48 | GDfX | Generative Design for Sustainability | GDfS | Sustainability | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
50 | 47 | DfX | Design for Impact | DfI | Performance | Impact | Fundamentals, Applications, Implications, Rate Limits | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
51 | 50 | DfX | Design for Economy | DfEco | Sustainability | Economy | Fundamentals, Applications, Implications, Rate Limits | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
52 | 51 | DfX | Design for Effectiveness | DfEfx | Operations | Effectiveness | Fundamentals, Applications, Implications, Rate Limits | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
53 | 52 | DfX | Design for Efficiency | DfEff | Operations | Efficiency | Fundamentals, Applications, Implications, Rate Limits | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
54 | 53 | DfX | Design for Autodesk University | DfAU | Presentation | Autodesk University | The nuances for picking a conference venue suited for the best Autodesk University yet | This is just an example of how we might crowsdsource the content in this spreadsheet for future use. | Autodesk University Conference Venues Participant Needs Vendor Needs Sponsor Needs Venue Cost Square Footage Overall Conference Experience Sustainability Location (current: Las Vegas, NV) | Total Square Footage Required Total Square Footage Available Cost of Accommodations Proximty of participants to venue Bandwidth of High-speed Internet Total number of participants allowable Total amount of space available for people, machines, demos, etc. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
55 | 54 | DfX | Design for Digital Manufacturing | DfDM | Manufacturing | Digital Manufacturing | The nuances when the target manufacturing process is going to be 90% executed by a machine. | Common Digital Manufacturing tools include (but are not limited to): additive manufacturing machines (3D printers), laser cutters, water-jet cutters, CNC machines, etc. | Fundamentals, Applications, Implications, Rate Limits | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
56 | 55 | DfX | Design for Laser Cutting | DfLC | Subtractive Manufacturing | Laser Cutting | Laser cutting is a subtractive manufacturing process whereby a focused beam of light w/coordinated motion is used to cut and etch away materials in a workpiece. | Not all lasers (and manufacturing tools in general) are made equally well. As with most digital fabrication machines, you have great machines with poor software, poor machines with great software, great software and great machines (your ideal case) and well...poor machines with poor software. In our experience, no one builds a crap machine out of the box. Most of the hardware works and is good if you buy from a reputable manufacturer. That being said, good software without good hardware is a waste of time. Our marketplace uses a number of lasers, most of which are good machines...where they differ is in operator ability and the software used to produce your artwork in laser-ready form. I'd say there are colloquially three types of lasers: Hobby lasers (Glowforge) Production Lasers * "Chinese Lasers" - poor software, decent machines * Epilog Lasers - decent software (printer driver), good machine (workhorse) * Universal Lasers - better software (printer driver + interface), better machine (workhorse, finnike) * Trotec Lasers - best software (printer driver + interface), best machine (workhorse, good quality) | Common Materials Caliber / Quality of Lasers Caliber / Quality of Software Caliber / Quality of Print Drivers Caliber / Quality of Supporting Community Caliber / Quality of Training assoc w/Machine / Tool Fundamentals, Applications, Implications, Rate Limits | Laser Power (Feeds, laser power %) Speeds (length / time) Laser Frequency DPI - varies by material, quality, speed > big impact to engraving speed (with minimally impacting quality). | 1) Power & Speed Settings / material 2) Resolution vs. Job Time vs. Quality 3) Strong factors on cost / time / quality 4) Job efficiency / effectiveness vs. number of process iterations / job orders | 0) Establish desired materal type and format (acrylic, birch, other) 1) Design in 2D Vector Tool (AI or Inkscape) 2) Configure design for Laser Cutting Tool (line weight, line color, artwork style, DPI, raster type [stucki, jarvis], etc 3) Perform testing on material to insure output quality, timing, etc. 4) Think through jigs / fixtures to optimize fabrication time for speed, effectiveness 5) document process, measure timing, optimize workflow 6) deterimine actual cost of production (time, materials, etc.) 7) determine demand required to fully employ a fabricator 8) determine cost of procuring essential tools to perform job 9) document constraints, pains, issues: operator is required to keep machine in peripheral vision when operating (this means you can't leave to use the restroom unless you pause or find someone else to watch the machine) 10) Brainstorm new ways to help You3Dit users to improve their fabrication ability: add a working document for every machine type and enable You3Dit fabricators to add key details. You3Dit to provide template and structure. | 1) Determine what audience cares most about: quality, speed, cost, quantity...ask them to prioritize 2) Once this list is prioritized, then determine what resources / tools are essential to execute: power / speed settings, location of machines, software design tools, etc. 3) | 1) Online: quality of images and plots MATTERS. Sadly. | Cut sheets w/materials: raster / engrave, outline, vector cut | CDM | https://www.instructables.com/id/10-Tips-and-Tricks-for-Laser-Engraving-and-Cutting/ https://www.troteclaser.com/en-us/knowledge/tips-for-laser-users/resolution-laser-engraving/ https://www.troteclaser.com/en-us/knowledge/tips-for-laser-users/laser-parameters-definition/ | |||||||||||||||||||
57 | 56 | DfX | Design for Waterjet Cutting | DfWJC | Subtractive Manufacturing | Waterjet Cutting | Fundamentals, Applications, Implications, Rate Limits | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
58 | 57 | DfX | Design for Machining | DfMach | Subtractive Manufacturing | Machining | Fundamentals, Applications, Implications, Rate Limits | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
59 | 58 | DfX | Design for Chemical Safety | DfCS | Safety | Chemical Safety | Fundamentals, Applications, Implications, Rate Limits | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
60 | 59 | DfX | Design for Safety | DfS | Safety | Safety (General) | Fundamentals, Applications, Implications, Rate Limits | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
61 | 60 | DfX | Design for Reliability | DfR | Design Objective | Reliability | Fundamentals, Applications, Implications, Rate Limits | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
62 | 61 | DfX | Design for Serviceability | DfSvc | Design Objective | Serviceability | Fundamentals, Applications, Implications, Rate Limits | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
63 | 62 | DfX | Design for Sheet Metalworking | DfSM | Manufacturing | Sheet Metals | Sheet Metal, flat pattern, material, bend extents (k factor, bend radius) Rate Limits? Process physics: Follow the material: what's the process? | Material, thickness, bend angle, k factor, seam gap, relief, flat patterns Rate Limits? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
64 | 63 | DfX | Design for Documentation | DfDoc | Communications | Documentation | Designing parts, products and components that are easily documented | Chris Linder from AU. #DocumentDNA "The foundation of Automation is Standardization" | Hatch Patterns (Escher) Multiple Environments (3 Elements for great docs) Technical (Accuracy) / Visual (Clarity) / Digital (venn diagram) Quality: 1) Purpose 2) Clarity 3) Appearance / Clean layout 4) Good / useful content / accurate / compliance / Precision Bad: 1) Redundant info 2) missing info 3) Typos / Obvious errors / non-obvious errors 4) Sloppy! QC on Documentation: looking to fix the bad Types of users: Entry CAD, Entry BIM, CAD Manager, BIM Manager, Project Manager, QC Reviewer, Owner / Principal Rate Limits? | Number of redlines Number of dimensions Number of details Font sizes Line weights Doc Efficiency: Produced, Consumed, Edited File Size | Technical vs.Visual Technical vs. Digital Digital vs. Visual QC Time Requirements Documentation Time vs. Design time Physical Tools for Documentation Digital Tools for DocQC Strategies for good DocDNA Tactics for good DocDNA Cleanup time, strategies, tactics File Size Styles & Types: text, diims, tables, walls Plotting: page setups, ctb's, sheet sets Templates: DWT files, palettes, sheets Batch Tools - BAttE (lee-mac.com) | Chris Linder, Chris McCoy | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
65 | 64 | DfX | Design for Medical Devices | DfMD | Medical Devices | Medical Devices (General) | Thinking through the key features of medical devices, things that need to be characterized and addressed that is unique to the medical field (as opposed to traditional product design) | Internal v. External Application What system: cardiovascular, skeletal, epidermal, cerebral, etc. Level of integration into the patient: Risk Profile: heart valve or fitbit? FDA Guidelines | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
66 | 65 | DfX | Design for Additive Manufacturing (Production) | DfAM(Prod) | Additive Manufacturing | Additive Manufacturing (Production) | This is how AM is designed for the production case. Could be analogous to DfT or Design for Tooling (whereby the tool here is a production additive machine). | Build orientation Stacking Policy Material: Polymer / Metal | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
67 | 66 | DfX | Design for Casting | DfCast | Manufacturing | Casting | Design for Casting (leveraging AM) Design for DieCasting | Fundamentals, Applications, Implications, Rate Limits | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
68 | 67 | DfX | Design for Personalization | DfPers | Design Objective | Personalization | Fundamentals, Applications, Implications, Rate Limits | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
69 | 68 | DfX | Design for Customization | DfCust | Design Objective | Customization | Fundamentals, Applications, Implications, Rate Limits | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
70 | 68 | DfX | Design for Sustainability - Economic | DfSEcon | Sustainability | Economic | Fundamentals, Applications, Implications, Rate Limits | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
71 | 69 | DfX | Design for Sand Casting | DfSC | Manufacturing | Casting | Sand casting is a basic low-cost process and lends itslef to economical product0ioj in large quantitiees with practically no limit to the size, shape or complexity of the part produced. | Fundamentals 1. All eections should be designed with a uniform thickness Applications, Implications, Rate Limits | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
72 | 70 | DfX | Design for Plastic Forming | DfPF | Manufacturing | NMR (No mold required), plastic box enclosures. Like sheet metal forming but for plastics. | Fundamentals, Applications, Implications, Rate Limits | https://www.envplastics.com/enclosure-concepts/uu-box | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
73 | 71 | DfX | Design for AM(PBF: MJF) | DfAM(MJF) | Additive Manufacturing | Design for AM in the context of HP's MultiJet Fusion | The build speeds and material properties lend this process to quick turn parts. Many vendors leveraging these machines to transform their low-volume production capabilities | Fundamentals, Applications, Implications, Rate Limits | https://www.protolabs.com/services/3d-printing/multi-jet-fusion/design-guidelines/ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
74 | 72 | DfX | Design for Microstructural Mechanics | DfMM | Design Objective | PBF, Electron Beam Melting EBM | Designing for microstructural properties by leveraging unique metals forming processes enabled by EBM and the processing software. Example: DOE test sample which has DOE written out into the material based on grain growth and crystalline structure. | As presented in AMx Supplementary Information | Fundamentals, Applications, Implications, Rate Limits | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
75 | 73 | DfX | Design for Manual Assembly | DfManAssy | Manufacturing | Scale Manufacturing | Fundamentals, Applications, Implications, Rate Limits | Boothroyd, Dewhurst, Knight | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
76 | 74 | DfX | Design for High-Speed Automatic Assembly and Robot Assembly | DfAA / DfRA | Manufacturing | Scale Manufacturing | Fundamentals, Applications, Implications, Rate Limits | Boothroyd, Dewhurst, Knight | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
77 | 75 | DfX | PCB Design for Manufacturing and Assembly | PCB DfMA | Manufacturing | Manufacturing & Assembly (General) | Fundamentals, Applications, Implications, Rate Limits | Boothroyd, Dewhurst, Knight | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
78 | 76 | DfX | Design for Powder Metal Processing | DfPMP | Manufacturing | Powder Metal Processing | Fundamentals, Applications, Implications, Rate Limits | Boothroyd, Dewhurst, Knight | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
79 | 77 | DfX | Design for Die Casting | DfDC | Manufacturing | Casting | Fundamentals, Applications, Implications, Rate Limits | Boothroyd, Dewhurst, Knight | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
80 | 78 | DfX | Design for Investment Casting | DfIC | Manufacturing | Casting | Fundamentals, Applications, Implications, Rate Limits | Boothroyd, Dewhurst, Knight | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
81 | 79 | DfX | Design for Injection Molding | DfIM | Manufacturing | Molding | Fundamentals, Applications, Implications, Rate Limits | Boothroyd, Dewhurst, Knight | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
82 | 80 | DfX | Design for Hot Forging | DfHF | Manufacturing | Forging | Fundamentals, Applications, Implications, Rate Limits | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
83 | 81 | DfX | Design for Part Handling | DfPH | Assembly | Manual Assembly | These are general guidelines to design parts that are handled with ease | 1. Design parts tha have an end-to-end symmetryand rotational symmetry about the axis of insertion. 2. Design parts that cannot be made symmetric, obviously asymetric 3. Provide features that prevent jamming of parts that tend to nest or slack when stored in bulk 4. Avoid features that allow tangling of parts when stored in bulk 5. Avoid parts that stick together or are slippery, delicate, flexible, very small or very large, or that are hazardous to the handler (i.e., parts that are sharp, splinter easy, etc.) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
84 | 82 | DfX | Design for Insertion and Fastening | DfIF | Assembly | Manual Assembly | These are general guidelines to design parts that are inserted and fastened with ease | 1. Design so that there is little or no resistance to insertion and provide chmfers to guide the insertion of two mating parts. Generous clearance should be provided, but care must be taken to avoid clearances that result in a tendancy for parts to jam or hang-up during insertion. 2. Standardize by using common parts, processes and methods across all models and even across product lines to permit the use of higher volume processes that normally result in a lower product cost. Ex: 1/4-20 screws as the only screw used in a product. 3. Use pyramid assembly--provide for progressive assembly about one axis of reference. In general, it's best to assemble from above. 4. Avoid where possible, the necessity for holding parts down to maintain their orientation during manipulation of the subassembly or during the placement of another part. If holding down is required, then try to design so that the part is secured as soon as possible after it has been inserted. 5. Design so that a part is located before it is released. A potential source of problems arises from a part being placed where, due to design constraints, it must be released before it is positively located in the assembly. 6. When common mechanical fasteners are used, the following sequence indicates the relative cost of different fastening processes, listed in the order of increasing manual assembly cost: a. snap fitting b. plastic bending c. riveting d. screw fastening 7. Avoid the need to reposition the partially completed assembly in the fixture | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
85 | 83 | DfX | Design for Composite Materials / Manufacturing | DfCM | Materials | Composite Materials | Targeted for engineers and designers who want to leverage the strengths of composite materials despite some of their limitations. Advantages: strength to weight, electrical isolation, tailored mechanical properties, potentially lower cost | Fundamentals 1) Fiber / polymer matrices 2) anisotropic material 3) specifically, orthotropic material 4) loading conditions need to be well defined to use reliably Applications 1) Aerospace 2) Automotive 3) Marine / Boating 4) Space structures Implications Rate Limits | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
86 | 84 | DfX | Design for Regional Specifics | DfRS | Geography | Regional Specifics | Fundamentals, Applications, Implications, Rate Limits | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
87 | 85 | DfX | Design for Parmetric Modeling | DfPM | Design Objective | Parametric Design | Parametric Design and Configurations allow designers / clients rapid prototype in the CAD tool prior to fabricating expensive prototypes | Fundamentals 1) create a high-level process 2) determine the key variables and initial values for relevant to a CAD model parameters 3) identify, define and fully understand your constraints: time, money, CAD tools desired / available, known variables vs. unknown vars, CAD robustness 4) choose a format to call out variables and be consistent 5) consider using an excel document / google sheet to define variables first 6) understand how you'll build your part, component, assembly such that you can generate the variety of configurations needed 7) Applications Implications Rate Limits | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
88 | 86 | DfX | Design for Adaptive Devices (Accessibility) | DfAD | Design Objective | Accessibility / Adaptability | Targeted for folks with accessibility challenges, additive manufacturing and other digital manufacturing methods, this set of design rules helps you consider the key factors in solving accessibility issues with clever mechanical design | Fundamentals, Applications, Implications, Rate Limits | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
89 | 87 | DfX | Design for Wireless Connectivity | DfWC | Design Objective | RF / Wireless | There are mechanical challenges in building wireless-ready devices. | 1) TRP / TIS Testing 2) Antenna Design 3) RF Simulations 4) Wire Routing 5) Cellular OTA Requirements: Verizon / ATT / Etc. 6) Key Players: TaoGlas, Edgeworx, Digi International 7) RF Environment 8) Ground Plane 9) Human Flesh / other materials impact efficiency | 1) Antenna Efficiency Target > 50% | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sk6zLy39Aik https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=46SbGxS73dY&t=59s | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
90 | 88 | DfX | Design for Punch & Die | DfPD | Manufacturing | Tooling | Design for Punch and Die in thermoforming / sheet forming. | Pulled from Kalpakjian & Schmid | Key Variables: 1) punch speed 2) corner radius on punch 3) corner radius on die 4) clearance distance, c, ~2-8% of sheet thickness, but as low as 1% for fine blanking Shearing Die Shapes 1) punch, shear angle, blank thickness, die 2) Bevel shear 3) double bevel shear 4) convex shear | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
91 | 89 | DfX | Design for Durability | DfD | Design Objective | Durability | The ability for a product or component to survive under the harshest conditions. | Fundamentals, Applications, Implications, Rate Limits | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
92 | 90 | DfX | Design for Selective Laser Melting | DfSLM | Manufacturing | SLM | Powder-based Metal Additive Manufacturing has many opportunities and challenges as it relates to design. Minimizing support structures, minimizing amount of powder needed, etc. are all things to be thinking about when designing for SLM | https://www.dropbox.com/s/ojjgngfdq2mogxm/markforged-metal-x-design-guide.pdf?dl=0 | Fundamentals, Applications, Implications, Rate Limits | https://www.dropbox.com/s/o6w58fek76myk2h/metal-x-design-guide-markforged.pdf?dl=0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
93 | 91 | DfX | Design for Portable Power | DfPP | Design Objective | Power | Design for Portable Power is the need to have rechargeablility or power storage onboard physical products | Fundamentals, Applications, Implications, Rate Limits | http://cii-resource.com/cet/FBC-05-04/Presentations/BMGT/Hoeger_Tom.pdf | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
94 | 92 | DfX | Design for Deployment | DfDply | Design Objective | "This should include the structure to aid in delivery coordination, ease of installation and documentation readiness. Ensure the product is structured to be easy to identify upon receipt and order by the end user. " | Fundamentals, Applications, Implications, Rate Limits | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
95 | 93 | DfX | Design for Procurement | DfPro | Design Objective | "Guideline for designing new or revising existing designs of Printed Circuit Boards and Printed Circuit Board Assemblies and fabricated sheet metal part piece parts. It can reduce overall product costs and improve factory efficiency" | Fundamentals, Applications, Implications, Rate Limits | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
96 | 94 | DfX | Design for Supply Chain | DfSC | Design Objective | "Design to improve the supply chain efficiency, inventory turn-over and reduce lead times. Design for high assembly and manufacturing efficiency. Design to improve the logistics efficiency, reduce the cost for product logistics(packaging, transport, etc.). The product should be designed to ensure full or maximum fault detection coverage at in-circuit, functional and system test where applicable." | Fundamentals, Applications, Implications, Rate Limits | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
97 | 95 | DfX | Design for Testability | DfTx | Design Objective | "The group of design techniques used to add testability features to hardware product design. The premise of the added features is that they make it easier to develop and apply manufacturing tests for the designed hardware. The purpose of manufacturing tests is to validate that the product hardware contains no defects that could, otherwise, adversely affect the product’s correct functioning." | Fundamentals, Applications, Implications, Rate Limits | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
98 | 96 | DfX | Design for Flexibility | DfF | Design Objective | "Design the product to be scalable in capacity. The ease of expandability should be taken into consideration from both a hardware/software perspective. Design the product functions to be easy to modify or add new functionality. The design should take the extensibility of the product into consideration." | Fundamentals, Applications, Implications, Rate Limits | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
99 | 97 | DfX | Design for Profitability | DfP | Design Objective | Economics | DuPont Model? | "Nesting, or optimally placing items into a build volume for 3D printing is, therefore, an essential part of 3D printing operations. Usually done through one person’s specific experience, nesting takes into account the finish of parts in different orientations, success rates, and more. We can, however, go beyond this process and put a number to different builds, different nestings, and various parts. Because we are early in getting parts made in their millions, we can now begin to redesign parts for profitability." | Fundamentals, Applications, Implications, Rate Limits | https://3dprint.com/245897/fast-things-profit-velocity-and-design-for-profitability-in-3d-printing/ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
100 | 98 | DfX | Design for Adhesive Joints | DfAJ | Design Objective | Joining | Adhesively bonded joints are essential in many engineering contexts for their versatility, low cost, and weight savings. | Fundamentals CLASSIFICATION: 1. Types (chemistry): epoxies, polyurethanes, polyimides 2. Forms: paste, liquid, film, pellets, tape 3. Type: hot melt, reactive hot melt, thermosetting, pressure sensitive, contact, etc. 4. Load carrying capabilities: structural, semistructural or non structural Applications Joint Types: single lap, double lap, scarf, bevel, step, butt strap, double butt strap, tubular lap Implications Rate Limits | 1. Design to place bondline in shear, not peel 2. Where possible, use adhesive with adequate ductility 3. Recognize environmental limitations of adhesives 4. Recognize surface preparation methods 5. Design in a way that permits or facilitates inspectsion of bonds where possible. 6. Allow for sufficient bond area so that the joint can tolerate some debonding before going critical 7. AWhere possible, bond to multiple surfaces to offer support to loads in any direction 8. | Shigley, J., Mischeke, C, Budynas, R. "Mechanical Engineering Design." |