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FRFT SLAVEVOYAGES FINAL AUDIT CLOSUREValueAudit meaning
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Audit statusClosed - qualified opinionNo exact national total can be certified from the surviving/public evidence without estimation.
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Raw first U.S. arrival subtotal203,259Raw first-arrival database values at recorded U.S. first landings; route to Africa not required.
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Strict raw-field Africa-route subtotal168,858Raw first-U.S.-arrival headcount plus recorded African purchase/embarkation geography; no imputed headcount substituted.
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Raw arrivals without recorded Africa geography34,401Held separately; route is not assumed from a missing geography field.
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Strict subset voyage records935Voyage records meeting the strict raw-field standard.
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Strict subset dated people168,347931 voyages with a recorded first-U.S.-landing year.
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Strict subset undated people5114 voyages with no recorded first-U.S.-landing year.
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Original Savannah documentary subtotal1,48312 African-origin records in NARA file 119903059 after 3 explicitly recorded Dolphin deaths.
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Charleston 1804-1807 printed customs-derived statement39,075Historical aggregate; underlying customs books were not individually recounted.
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Current principal-NA completed selection306,322Completed/imputed measure; not an all-manifest count.
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Completed people from 471 voyages with all four raw arrival fields blank76,650Direct measure of imputation/indirect completion within known voyage records.
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Widely cited Atlas estimate388,000Modeled historical estimate; not 388,000 individually verified manifests.
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Formula controlsComputedExpected
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Strict + unresolved = broad raw first arrival203,259203,259
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Strict dated + undated = strict subtotal168,858168,858
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Savannah listed total - explicit deaths1,4831,483
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