Koanga_Food_Forest_Database.xlsx

	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H	I	J	K	L	M	N	O
1	KOANGA INSTITUTE FOREST GARDEN DATABASE
2	Name	Latin Name	Forest Layer	Shade/Sun	Max Mature Size (m)	Soil Type	Cold/Heat Tolerance	Coppicing	Nitrogen Fixing	Fruiting	Dynamic Accumulator	Tree Fertility Demands	Seed Germination	Where To Get It	Special Function

3	Wattles	Acacia spp.	canopy	Sun	10.5	Well Drained Soil	Heat Tolerant	Yes	Yes	No	N/A		Scarify	Onsite or online	Good bee plant, nitrogen fixer, propogated by seed.
4	Sycamore	Acer pseudoplatanus	canopy	Sun, light shade	30	any	Cold Tolerant	Yes	No	No	No	Low- Fast Growing		Appletons	Sugary Sap for Syrup. Excellent Shelterbelt and Pioneer Plant. Alleopathic. Pollinated by bees.
5	Norway maple	Acer platinoides	depends	sun, light shade	3-5m	free draining	cold tolerant	yes	no	no	yes	low		A[ppletons	maple leaves are great mineral accumulators, either back on the ground or in compost and also bacterial encourages rather than fungal as most leaves are, so good for vegetablegarden compost,
6	Sugar Maple	Acer saccharum	canopy	Sun, Shade	20	Most, Well Drained	Cold Tolerant	N/A	Yes (BUT ALLEOPAHIC)	No	Ca, K	Moderate		Appletons	HUGE amount of uses, high quality timber, Sap for maple syrup, leaves are preservative, Large amount of Medicinal Uses from leaves and bark.
7	Hardy Kiwifruit	Actinidia aguta	vine	Full Sun, light Shade	20	Most, Well Drained. Tolerates Acid and moderately alkaline soils. Prefers sheltered sites.	Cold Tolerant (up to -34C)	No	No	Yes-fruit	No	Moderate? (Moderate Water Demand)		www.tradewindsfruit.com- Online or NZ nurseries.	Great Small fruit, extremely high in vitamin C.
8	Lady’s Mantle	Alchemilla mollis	Groundcover	Sun, Light shade	0.3	Well Drained Moist Soil, Most Soil Types	Cold Tolerant	No	No	No	No	Low (Moderate Water Demand)		http://www.fragrantgarden.co.nz	Edible Leaves for Teas, Great Medicinal Plant for Woman’s health-During Menstruation, Pregnancy, and for Women all together.
9	Andean Evergreen Alder	Alnus acuminata	canopy	Sun	25	Wet	Cold Tolerant	Yes	Yes	No	No		60 days stratification		Tolerates Waterlogging, Nitrogen Fixer.
10	Italian Alder	Alnus cordata	canopy	Sun	15	Either	Drought Tolerant	No	Yes	No	No		60 days stratification	Appletons	Very Fast, Nitrogen Fixer, tolerates drier soil Tolerates waterlogging.
11	Common alder	Alnus glutinosa	canopy	Sun	25	Heavy, damp soil. Loamy, clay, heavy clay	Cold Tolerant	Yes	Yes	No	No	Low	60 days stratification	Appletons or online	Nitrogen Fixer, Firewood Coppicer. Medicinal Uses for Leaves and Bark. Very Fast growing (1m per year). Good Pioneer Species. Coppices.
12	Turkish Black Alder	Alnus glutinosa barbata	canopy	Sun	25	Wet, dry tolerant.	Heat Tolerant	Yes	Yes	No		N/A	60 days stratification		Timber and Firewood Uses. Vigorous Nursery Plant
13	Cut Leaf Black Alder	Alnus glutinosa laciniata	low tree	Sun	10	Wet	N/A	N/A	Yes	No	No	Moderate?	60 days stratification	Appletons?	Useful in Wet sites where small tree is needed.
14	Red Alder	Alnus rubra	canopy	Sun	25	Moist- tolerates clay	Cold Tolerant	No	Yes	Yes-Catkins	No	Low	60 days stratification	Appletons	Fast growing, edible uses for Catkins and bark, medicinal uses from Bark, great windbreak or hedge.
15	Sitka Alder	Alnus Viridis	low tree	Full Sun, light Shade	4	Heavy, damp soil. Loamy, clay, heavy clay	Extreme Cold Tolerant (-45.6)	Yes	Yes	Edible-Catkins	No	Moderate (High Water Demand)	60 days stratification	Online-Agroforestry.co.uk or NZ Nurseries	Nitrogen Fixer, Earth Stabilizer, Pioneer Species, Good Firewood Tree.
16	Saskatoon	Amelanchier anifolia	shrub	Full Sun, light Shade	4	Any Soil that is not dry or waterlogged. Prefers Moist, Well Drained.	Extreme Cold and Frost Tolerant	No	No	Edible Berries	No	Moderate (Moderate Water Demand)	120 days stratification	Online-Agroforestry.co.uk or NZ Nurseries	Windbreak and Earth Stabilizer. Excellent nutritious berries with a long list of culinary and medicinal uses. Animal Forage. Bee Forage.
17	Hog Peanut	Amphicarpaea bracteata	vine	shade	1.5	Moist Humus Rich soil.	Cold Tolerant (down to -17.8)	No	Yes	Edible seed	No	Low (Moderate Water Demand)	Scarify	Online- N/A	Nutritious Seed Pods, yields are rather low. Roots treat diarrhorea. Rattlesnake bite salve, salve for swellings.
18	Groundnut	Apios americana	Herbaceous	Full Sun, Light Shade	1.2	light soil, prefers well drained sandy soil. Tolerates acid.	Extreme Cold Tolerant (-40C)	No	Yes	Yes-tubers	No	Low (Moderate Water Demand)	Not Dormant	Online or NZ Nurseries	Delicious tubers (taste like sweet potato). Can be used in flour. High protein, can yield a signifigant amount of edible tubers in its lifetime. Latex compounds.
19	Strawberry Tree (Irish)	Arbutus unedo	low tree	Sun, light Shade	6	Acid-Neutral Soil	Heat Tolerant	No	No	Yes-berries	No	Moderate	Not Dormant	Online	Edible Fruits (sour when raw) Bee and Animal Forage.
20	Horseradish	Armoracia rusticana	groundcover	Full Sun, light Shade	0.7	Wet-does well in wet spots.	Cold Tolerant (down to -28.9C)	No	No	Edible Roots, leaves	No	Low (Moderate Water Demand)		Onsite or online	Strong flavored young leaves for salad. Roots can be sliced and cooked and made into a mustard like condiment. Fungicide, prevents brown rot in apples. Prevents potato worm. Plethora of medicinal uses, controls bacterial infections, stomach problems, it is a stimulant. Many other medicinal uses. Excessive quantities can be poisonous. Tolerant of neglect once established.
21	Chokeberries/Aronia Berries	Aronia arbutifolia	shrub	Full Sun, Light Shade	3	Most Soils, prefers moist, peaty soil.	Cold Tolerant (down to -25C)	No	No	Edible Berries	No	N/A		Online-Agroforestry.co.uk	Edible berries, tolerates atmospheric pollution, tolerates wind.
22	Paw Paw (American)	Asima triloba	low tree	Sun	6	Acid-Neutral Soil, Moist, well Drained Soil	More Heat, Cold Tolerant	No	No	Large Fruit	No	Heavy		Online	Pollinated by flies, sun loving and large fruiting. Fruit keeps for very long, and has amazing nutritional propertioes.
23	Paw Paw	asimina triloba	low tree	Sun	4.5	Loamy, Well Drained Soil	Cold Tolerant	No	No	Yes-Fruit	No	Heavy		Online	Great Fruit, Potentially poisonous seeds. Several Medicinal uses for seeds, bark, and leaves. Seeds are insecticide.
24	Asparagus	Asparagus officinalus	herbaceous	Full Sun, light Shade	1.5	Most soils, prefers Well Drained Sandy Loam, prefers alkaline soil.	Cold Tolerant (down to -34.4C)	No	No	Yes-Vegetable	No	Moderate? (Moderate Water Demand)		Onsite or NZ nurseries	Edible shoots, cooked. Repels nematoads. Ancient medicinal plant with many uses.
25	Liquorice Milk-Vetch	Astragalus Glycyfyllos	herbaceous	Full Sun	0.5	Well Drained		No	Yes				Scarify		Medicinal herb, Used as Tea, Good ground cover
26	Barberries	Berberis angulosa	shrub	Full Sun, light Shade	1	Most Soil types, prefers warm, moist loam.	Cold Tolerant (down to -23.3)	No	No	Edible Berries	No	N/A (Moderate Water Demand)		Online-Agroforestry.co.uk	Large, edible berries. Yellow dye from root. Shown to treat infections and tumors.
27	Chinese Dogwood	C. kousa	shrub	Full Sun, Light Shade	10	Moist Soils, prefers well drained loamy soils.	Cold Tolerant (down to -28.9C)	No	No	Edible-berries	K, P, Ca,	Moderate (Moderate Water Demand)		Online-Agroforestry.co.uk
28	Chinese Hawthorne	C. pinnatifida major	low tree	Sun, light shade	7.5	Moist soil, most soil types	Heat/ Drought Tolerant	No	No	Yes-berries	No	Moderate (High Water Demand)			Edible Berries, can be stored and preserved. Tough wood for tools. Lots of Medicinal uses. Heart Tonics, blood pressure, dyspepsia, diahhrea, menstration. Tolerates wind, pollution, and drought.
29	Siberian Pea Tree	Caragana Arborensces	low tree	Sun	6	Well Drained Soil	Cold/Heat Tolerance	No	Yes	Peas	No	Low	Scarify	Online-Agroforestry.co.uk	Excellent bee plant and chicken forage, edible seeds and useful in windbreaks.
30	New Zealand Broom	Carmichaelia	shrub	Full Sun, light Shade	3	Most soils, dry soil tolerant.	Cold/Heat Tolerance	No	Yes?	NO	No	N/A	Scarify	http://www.southernwoods.co.nz	Native, Nitrogen Fixer? Pioneer Species, Tolerates harsh sites.
31	European hornbeam	Carpinus betulus	canopy	Shade	15	Moderate Moisture	Cold Tolerant	Yes	No	No	No	Moderate		Appletons	Very hard timber, used for turnery. Medicinal use from leaves to treat wounds and other remedies.
32	European hornbeam (advanced hedging)	Carpinus betulus	canopy	Shade	22	Moderate Moisture	Cold Tolerant	Yes	No	No	No	Moderate		Appletons	Hedging keeps brown leaves through winter, and screening effect is maintained. Same properties as aboive.
33	Pecan	Carya illinoensis	canopy	Sun	40	Wet,	More Heat, less cold tolerant	N/A	N/A	Yes-Nuts	Ca, K	High in the first 3 years, needs frequent watering early on		Appletons	Requires alot of early care, protection against cold, moist soil, and needs to be planted AS SOON as it arrives from the nursery/
34	Shagbark Hickory	Carya ovata	canopy	Sun	30	Moist	Cold Tolerant	Yes	N/A	Yes-Edible Seeds	Ca, K, P	Moderate		Appletons	Excellent Timber and Charcoal, Seeds are delicious and can be used in wide varieties of cooking and can be stored for long periods of time, sap can be made into syrup. Some medical uses.
35	White Sapote	Casimiroa edulis	low tree	Sun	6	Well Drained Acid-Neutral Soil	Heat Tolerant	No	No	Yes-Fruit	No	High in the first 3 years, needs frequent watering early on. Heavy Feeder		Online	Great Fruit, Anti-cancer properties. Needs sun and moisture. Native to Northern Mexico (Desert)
36	Chestnuts	Castanea spp.	canopy	Sun	20	Well Drained Acid-Neutral Soil	Heat Tolerant	Yes	No	Yes-Nuts	No	Heavy-extra Nitrogen and Potassium		Appletons	Edible Nuts, Firewood, Medicinal Uses, Animal Forage.
37	Northern Catalpa	Catalpa Speciosa	canopy	Sun	30	Moist	Avoid Late Frost Sites	N/A	No	No	No	Moderate- fast growing		Appletons	Timber- Sapwood posts, poles, fences, furniture.Tolerates pollution
38	Carob	Ceratonia Siliqua	canopy	Full Sun	9	Well drained	Heat Tolerant	No	No	Yes			Scarify		Edible Fruit- seed are animal food, and the pods can be eaten dry, juiced, mashed, made into honney and more
39	Flowering Quince	Chaenomeles speciosa	Groundcover	Sun, Shade	3	Deep, moist, well drained soil, clay tolerant.	Cold Tolerant	No	No	Yes-Fruit	No	Moderate (Moderate Water Demand)	90 days stratification	Online or Around NZ	Edible Fruit- Good when cooked, Hedge, fruit is analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, astringent and digestive. Bee Forage.
40	Tagasaste	Chamaecytisus palmensis	low tree	Full Sun, light Shade	4	Sandy, Well Drained Soil	Heat Tolerant	No	No	No	No	N/A	Scarify	Onsite or around NZ	Animal Fodder (protein and fibre)
41	Good King Henry	Chenopodium bonus-henricus	Herbaceous	Full Sun, Shade	0.6	Any Soil (Prefers Fertile Soil)	Cold Tolerant	No	No	Yes-leaves	Yes	Low (Moderate Water Demand)	Not Dormant	Online-Agroforestry.co.uk or NZ Nurseries	Edible Young Leaves, Tolerates Neglect, The herb is emollient, laxative and vermifuge.
42	Chicory	Cichorium intybus	Herbaceous	Full Sun, light Shade	1	Any Soil (Prefers Fertile Soil)	Cold Tolerant	No	No	Yes-leaves	Ca, K	Low (Moderate Water Demand)		Onsite or around NZ	Leaves good in salads. Mineral Accumulator.
43	Citrus-Lemon	citrus limon	canopy	Full Sun	3	Moderately Heavy Loam, Free draining soil with compost. Prefers acid soil.	Heat Tolerant, Cold Intolerant (-6.7C)	No	No	Yes-fruit	No	Heavy-Moderate Water Demand		Onsite or around NZ	Resilient, Nutritious, High Yielding Fruit with HUGE amount of nutritional, culinary, household and medicinal uses. Oils, Soaps, Cleansers, Insect repellant etc. Good veined wood when polished.
44	Citrus-Mandarin	citrus reticulata	low tree	Full Sun	4.5	Moderately Heavy Loam, Free draining soil with compost. Prefers acid soil.	Heat Tolerant, Cold Intolerant (-6.7C)	No	No	Yes-Fruit	No	Heavy (moderate water demand)		Onsite or around NZ	High Yielding, Highly Nutritious, and multi-functional fruit. Needs a sunny, warm position, does not tolerant cold. Prefers mulch and compost. Does not like water-logged soil. Numerous Medicinal and Functional uses from fruit rinds and leaves. (Soap, Fragrance, Cleaning Products)
45	Citrus- Sweet Orange	citrus sinensis	canopy	Full Sun	9	Moderately Heavy Loam, Free draining soil with compost. Prefers acid soil.	Heat Tolerant, Cold Intolerant (-6.7C)	No	No	Yes-Fruit	No	Heavy-Moderate Water Demand		Onsite or around NZ	High Yielding, Highly Nutritious, and multi-functional fruit. Needs a sunny, warm position, does not tolerant cold. Prefers mulch and compost. Does not like water-logged soil. Numerous Medicinal and Functional uses from fruit rinds and leaves. (Soap, Fragrance, Cleaning Products)
46	Siberian Purslane	Claytonia Sibirica	Groundcover	Full Sun, full shade	0.3	Very wet soils, 5.6-6.5 pH	minus 9 to 35 degrees celsius	No	No	Yes- edible leaves		Very wet soiles	Not Dormant		edible leaves
47
48	Himilayan Strawberry Tree	Cornis Capitata	low tree	Sun	6	Most, Well Drained	Cold Tolerant	No	No	Yes-berries	N/A	Moderate		Appletons or online	Edible Fruits, great animal and bird forage, Bee forage.
49	Siberian Dog Wood	Cornus alba Sibirica	low tree/shrub	Sun, light shade	2.50	most conditions	Cold Tolerant	Yes	No	Yes berries	Yes	Low		Appletons	red bark, excellent copppicing shrub for weaving, red leaves iun Autumn
50	Creeping Dogwood	Cornus canadensis	Groundcover	Sun, light shade	1	Damp, Sandy, or Clay Soil	Extreme Cold and Frost Tolerant	No	No	Yes-berries	Ca	Low (Moderate Water Demand)	120 days stratification		Berries high in pectin- Anti Radiation. Good for jams and puddings. Good Medicinal Uses- Eyewash, analgesic, cathartic. Anti inflammatory, treats aches, pains and kidney and lung ailments.
51	Benthams Cornel	Cornus Capitata	low tree	Sun, light Shade	9	6.6 - 7.5 pH	Cold Tolerant			Yes Berries			180 days stratification
52	Cornelian Cherry	Cornus mas	low tree	Full Sun, Light Shade	5	Most Soils with at least moderate fertility, prefers moist soil	Cold Tolerant (to -28C)	No	No	Edible berries	No	Moderate (Moderate Water Demand)		Online-Agroforestry.co.uk or NZ Nurseries	Great fruit, dense Wood used for tools and machinery, Medicinal uses for berries (bowel health)
53	Dogwood	Cornus sanguinea.	shrub	Full Sun, Light Shade	3	Most Soils, Dislike Cold Wind.	Cold Tolerant (to -28.5C)	No	No	Inedible Berries	K, P, Ca,	Moderate (Moderate Water Demand)		Online-Agroforestry.co.uk or NZ Nurseries	Mineral Accumulator. Great Material Uses (Wood for tools and handles, dye, great firewood, soap making, young stems for basketry.
54	Hazels (nuts)	Corylus spp.	low tree	Sun, Shade	6	Well drained soil	Heat Tolerant	Yes (Only occasionally, otherwise nuts wont grow)	No	Yes-Nuts	No	Heavy (moderate water demand)		Appletons, or on site	Provides Hazelnuts and coppiced timber, can grow as a tree or hedge.
55	Hazels (poles)	Corylus spp.	low tree	Sun, Shade	8	Well drained soil	Heat Tolerant	Yes	No	No if coppicied	No	Undemanding		Appletons, or on site	Firewood Coppicer
56	Western Mayhaw	Crataegus opaca	low tree	Sun, light shade	9	Most, prefers Wet or Moist Soil	Cold/ Drought Tolerant	No	No	Yes-berries	No	Moderate, high water demand		Online	Hedge, Edible Berries, Medicinal Uses (Heart and Hyptertension) Wood for tool handles. Takes 5-8 years to fruit
57	Jones Hawthorne	Cratageous jonesiae	low tree	Sun, Shade tolerant	3- 6m	Any	Cold Tolerant	Yes	No	Yes, berries	No	Low		Appletons	Paerticularly large sweet red berries, with yellow juicy flesh
58	Chinese Haw	Cratageous pinnatifida	medium height tree	Sun, shade tolerant	3-6m	Any	Cold tolerant	Yes	No	Yes, edible red fruits eaten widely in China
59	Hawthorne	Crataegus spp.	low tree	Sun, Shade	6	Any	Cold Tolerant/ Drought Tolerant	No	No	Yes-berries	No	Moderate (High Water Demand)			Edible Berries, Tough Wood for tools, Medicinal Uses.
60	Quince	cydonia ablonga	canopy	Full Sun, light shade	8	Light, Weill Drained Soil, Moist Soil Types. Does not tolerate dry or waterlogged soil	Cold Tolerant	No	NO	Yes-Fruit	No	Heavy (moderate water demand)		Onsite or NZ nurseries	Great Cooking Fruit with a HUGE amount of culinary and medicinal uses. Laxative, Anti-inflammatory, pectin, tannin, seeds are demulcant.
61	Cardoon	Cynara cardunculus	Herbaceous	Full Sun	2	light, warm soil. Tolerates most soil types, but prefers rich soil.	Cold Tolerant (down to -23.3)	No	No	Edible leaf ribs	NO	Moderate? (Moderate Water Demand)		www.italianseedspronto.co.nz Online or NZ Nurseries	Globe Artichoke substitute with many culinary uses. There is many medicinal uses to Cardoon as well: The leaves are anticholesterolemic, antirheumatic, cholagogue, digestive, diuretic, hypoglycaemic and lithontripic [12][13][14]. They are used internally in the treatment of chronic liver and gall bladder diseases, jaundice, hepatitis, arteriosclerosis and the early stages of late-onset diabetes [
62	Globe Artichoke	Cynara cardunculus Scolymus Group	Herbaceous	Full Sun	1.5	Light warmth, Moist soil. Tolerates most soil types.	Cold Tolerant	No	No	Yes-Edible Buds	No	Low (Moderate Water Demand)		Online-Agroforestry.co.uk or NZ Nurseries	Edible Buds-Require cooking. Medicinal uses for liver and gallbladder and digestion.
63	Japanese Persimmon	Diospyros kaki	canopy	Full Sun, light Shade	12	Well Drained Moist Soil, Most Soil Types. Prefers Loam	Heal Tolerant, prefers warm	No	No	Yes-fruit	No	Heavy (moderate water demand)		Appletons or NZ nursery	Great Fruit with numerous culinary and medical uses. Wood makes great, high quality timber. Bee Forage.
64	Date Plum	Diospyros lotus	canopy	Full Sun	10	Any	Heat Tolerant	No	No	Yes-fruit	No	Moderate	30 days stratification	Appletons	Needs male and female varieties for fruiting.
65	American Persimmon	Diospyros Virginana	canopy	Full Sun	15	Light, Sandy, Well Drained Soil	Cold/Heat Tolerance	No	No	Yes-Fruit	No	Heavy	90 days stratification	Appletons or NZ nursery	Large yielding fruit tree.
66	Goumi	Elaeagnus Multiflora	shrub	Sun, light shade	8	Any	Cold Tolerant	yes	Yes	Yes-berries	No	Low	60 days stratification	Online-Agroforestry.co.uk	Drought Tolerant, perennial. Bee forage, excellent companion plant. WINDBREAK.
67	Autumn Olive	Elaeagnus umbellata	low tree	Sun, Shade	5	Moist	Cold/Heat Tolerance	Yes	Yes	Yes-fruits	No	Low	90 days stratification, start warm	Online-Agroforestry.co.uk	Edible Fruits, great Nitrogen Fixer, Bee Forage.
68	Oleaster	Eleagnus angustifoliar	low tree	Full Sun, light Shade	7	Most soil types, Dry Soil Tolerant	Cold/Heat Tolerance, Drought Tolerance	Yes	Yes	Yes-Catkins	No	Moderate (Moderate Water Demand)		Online	Nitrogen Fixer, tolerates part shade, Drought Tolerant and Fruiting, potentially invasive.
69	Eucalyptus	Eucalyptus spp.	canopy	Sun	4	Moist, well drained, tolerated dry soil	Heat Tolerant,	Yes	No	No	No	Moderate in first years		On Site, near Kotare Road	Firewood Coppicing. Medicinal Oil. ALLEOPATHIC.
70	Beech	Fagus sylvatica	canopy	Full Sun, Shade	30	Light or Medium well drained soil.	Cold Tolerant (up to -28C)	Yes	No	No	K, Ca				Edible leaves, seeds can be ground into a flour. Roasted seed is coffee substitite. Excellent wood for fuel and charcoal. Hard, heavy, strong, durable wood. Various medicinal uses.
71	Fig	Ficus carica	canopy	Sun	6	Well Drained Soil	Heat Tolerant	No	No	Yes-Fruit	No	undemanding		onsite or online	Year round edible fruit, needs summer pruning. Requires Sunny spots.
72	Meadow Sweet	Filipendula umaria	Groundcover	Sun, shade	1.2	Humus rich moist soil. Does well in heavy clay, dislikes acid or dry soils.	Extreme Cold Tolerant (-45.6)	No	No	Edible Roots, leaves	Yes	Low (High Water Demand)		http://www.fragrantgarden.co.nz	Edible leaves and roots with culinary uses. Dyes and Perfumes. Ancient and extensive medicinal uses. Used as anti-inflammatory that protects and soothes intestines, a natural form of aspirin.
73	Fennel	Foeniculum vulgare	Herbaceous	Full Sun	1.5	Most Soil Types, tolerates dry, sandy soil.	Cold/ Drought Tolerant	No	No	Yes-leaves	No	Low (Moderate Water Demand)		Onsite or around NZ	Edible, great plant for salads and flavorings. Medicinal uses, great tea.
74	Strawberry	Fragaria spp	Herbaceous	Sun, light shade	0.5	Well drained, Sandy or Loamy soil	Heat Tolerant,	No	No	Yes-berries	Fe	Medium?	60 days stratification	Onsite	Delicious Fruit with multiple culinary uses.
75	European Ash	Fraxinus excelsior	Canopy	sun, shade	35	Wet, dry tolerant.	Cold/Heat Tolerance	Firewood	No	No	No	Low		Appletons	Timber- handles and joinery. Firewood Coppicer.
76	Salal/Shallon	Gaultheria shallon	shrub	light Sun, Shade	1.2	Moist (but not boggy) rich humus soil. Dry Shade.	Cold Tolerant (down to -28.9C)	No	No	Edible Berries	No	Low (Moderate Water Demand)	60 days stratification	Online-Agroforestry.co.uk	Pleasant, edible berries, raw or cooked. Dyes from different parts of the plant. Leaves have medicinal uses (cut and burn treatments, stomach tonic for diahrea) Leaves can be used to dry the mouth.
77	Liquorice	Glycyrrhiza enchinata	herbaceous	Full Sun, light Shade	1.2	Deep, Well Cultivated Moist Soil, prefers Alkaline Soils. Tolerates sandy soil.	Heat Tolerant (Cold Tolerant down to -12.2C)	No	Yes	No	No	Low	Scarify	Around NZ or NZ nursieries.	Nitrogen Fixer. Numerous Culinary uses (Sweeteners, Teas, Dried Root for Toothbrushes). Foaming agent for bear. Fibre can be used for small-scale insulation. Ancient, and extremely useful medicinal herb with many uses.
78	Snowbell Tree	Halesia Carolina	low tree	Sun, Shade	4	Moist	N/A	No	No	Yes-Fruit	No	Moderate		Online-Agroforestry.co.uk	Produces edible fruits and flowers, good bee plant, low maintenance.
79	Jerusalem Artichoke	Helianthus tuberosus	herbaceous	Full Sun, Light Shade	2.4	Prefers fertile humus, tolerates sandy, clay or loam	Cold Tolerant	No	No	Yes-tubers	No	Low (Moderate Water Demand)		Online-Agroforestry.co.uk or NZ Nurseries	Edible Tubers, aperient, aphrodisiac, cholagogue, diuretic, spermatogenetic, stomachic, and tonic, Jerusalem artichoke is a folk remedy for diabetes and rheumatism
80	Day Lillies	Hemerocallis spp.	Herbaceous	Sun, Light shade	1.2	Most Soil Types	N/A	No	No	No	No	Low- Medium Water Requirement.		summergarden.co.nz	Edible Leaves, mildly hallucinogenic, medicinal properties, antidote for arsenic poisoning, gorgeous flower.
81	Sea Buckthorn	Hippophae rhammnoides	low tree	Sun, Shade	2-Jun	Well Drained Soil	Cold Tolerant	No	Yes	Yes-berries	No	Low-grows vigorously	90 days stratification	Online-Agroforestry.co.uk	High Vitamin edible berries, bee forage, good hedge. WINDBREAK, SHELTERBELT
82	Himalayan Sea Buckthorn	Hippophae salicifolia	canopy	Full Sun	15	Moist Soil, sandy loamy or clay. Intolerant of dry soil	Heat Tolerant	No	Yes	Yes-Fruit	No	(high water demand)	120 days stratification		Incredibly healthy fruit. Pioneer species, tolerant of wind, fast growing, prefers to be near water. Soil Stabilizer, tough and hard wood, medicinal uses. Firewood.
83	Oriental Raisin Tree	Hovenia Dulcis	canopy	Light Shade	9	6.6 - 7.8 pH Neutral to slitly alklined moist sandy or loamy soils	Heat and Cold Tolerant, drought tolerant						Scarify		Dried edible berries
84	Walnut	Juglans spp.	Canopy	Full Sun	20	Deep Well Drained loam, prefers alkaline soil	Cold Tolerant (down to -28.9C)	No	No	Yes-Nuts	K, P	Heavy (Moderate water demand)		Onsite	Various culinary uses for walnuts. Can be ground, storied, dried, preserved. Material uses: dyes, high quality timber. Insect repellant, tooth cleaner. Huge range of medicinal uses too long to list.
85	Everlasting Pea	Lathryus latifolius	vine	Full Sun, light Shade	2.4	Neutral-Acid Soil	Drought Tolerant	No	Yes	No-Inedible Peas	No	Low (Moderate Water Demand)		http://www.edenbrothers.com	Potentially Invasive, Nitrogen Fixing climber. Pea Pods can be poisonous if ingested raw. Very Tough. Can be invasive. Bee Forage.
86	Bush Clover	Lespedeza bicolor	Shrub	Sun, light shade	3	Moist, well drained, tolerated dry soil. Sandy or loamy.	Heat Tolerant,	No	Yes	Yes-Edible Seeds, Stems and Leaves	No	Low		Online-Agroforestry.co.uk	Used for Windbreak, and Earth Stabilizing. Also used for Oil from seeds (lubricant) and basketry. Edible cooked seeds, stems, leaves. Leaves are tea substitute. Chicken Forage.
87	Tree Lupin	Lupinus arboreus	Shrub	Sun	2	Well Drained Acid-Neutral Soil	Cold/ Drought Tolerant	Chop and Drop Mulch	Yes	Yes-Edible Seeds (SOAKED)	P	Low	Scarify	Online or Around NZ	Great Pioneer Plant, Soil Builder, Nitrogen Fixer. Bee Forage. Symbiotic nitrogen-nodule relationship. Wind Tolerant.
88	Goji Berry	Lycium barbarum	Shrub	Full Sun, light Shade	3	Most Soils, prefers well drained, rich humus.	Cold Tolerant (down to -15C)	No	No	Yes-berries	No	(Moderate Water Demand)		Online-Agroforestry.co.uk or Around NZ	Earth Stabilizer, Hedge, Tolerates Wind and Maritime Exposure. Excellent, nutritious edible ripe berries. Large amount of medicinal uses for berries. (Cholesterol, Impotent, Haemorrhage, Tuberculosis, Fever, Tonics)
89	Maakia amurensis	Maakia amurensis	canopy	Sun, Shade tolerant	40697.00	Prefers well drained loamy soil, sandy-clay tolerant. Tolerant of high water table.	Cold Tolerant- Frost Tolerant	Yes	Yes	No	N	Low		Appletonbs	Ground durable posts, super hardy in all extreme soil conditiosn including high water tables
90	Apple	Malus domestica	canopy	Full Sun, Light Shade	9	Moist, Well drained soil, loamy or clay.	Cold Tolerant- Frost Tolerant	No	No	Yes-fruit	K	Heavy (moderate water demand)		onsite or online	Great Fruit, Medicinal Properties, Wood used for tools, great firewood. Bird Forage.
91	Japanese Bush Crab Aple	Malus sieboldii	low tree	Full Sun	40603.00	Moist, Well drained soil, loamy or clay.	Cold Tolerant- Frost Tolerant	No	No	Yes, berries	N	Moderate		Appletons	Great pollinator for apples, edible fruit, bees love flowers, fruit good in vinegar and cider
92	Crab Apple	Malus sylvestris	low tree	Sun, light shade	10	Well drained Loamy Soil, but can grow in sandy or clay	Cold Tolerant	No	No	Yes-Fruit	No	Medium		Online	Edible Fruits, Good Windbreak Hedge, Animal and Bee Forage
93	Mallows	Malva spp.	Herbaceous	Full Sun, light Shade	0.45	Most Soils, prefers moist, well drained soil.	Cold Tolerant (down to -28.9C)	No	No	Yes-leaves	No	Low (Moderate Water Demand)		Onsite or NZ nurseries	Edible leaves, great raw, in salads or thickening agent. Dyes from plant and seeds. Fibre for materials. Relieves insect bites. Plethora of medicinal uses.Antiphlogistic, astringent, demulcent, expectorant, laxative, salve.
94	Oregon Grape	Mahonia spp.	shrub	Full sun, light shade	1.2	6.1 - 7.8 pH%	Cold Tolerant	No	No	Edible berries		drought tolerant	120 days stratification		Medicinal herbs used for bone and joint problems, edible berries
95	Tree Medic	Medicago Arborea	shrub	Full Sun	1.5	6.6 - 8.5 pH	Heat Tolerant	No	Yes	No		drought tolerant	60 days stratification		Nitrogen Fixer
96	Lemon Balm	Melissa officinalis	Herbaceous	Full Sun, Light Shade	0.7	Well Drained Soil	Cold Tolerant	No	No	Yes-leaves	No	Low (Moderate Water Demand)		Online-Agroforestry.co.uk or NZ Nurseries	Edible Leaves, great flavoring. Oil is insect repellant. Great medicinal plant with LOTS of uses. Calming and great smelling. Bee Plant.
97	Apple Mint	Mentha x villosa alopercuroides	Herbaceous	Sun, Shade	0.6	Moist, Most Soil Types	Cold Tolerant	No	No	No	No	Very Low		Online-Agroforestry.co.uk or Around NZ	Great Culinary and Medicinal Herb, Smell of Mint keeps mice and rats away! Anti-septic medicine. Too much mint can cause abortions in pregnant women.
98	Medlar	Mespilus germanica	low tree	Full Sun, Light Shade	6	Well Drained Soil, Sandy, Loamy or Clay	Cold Tolerant (down to -23.3)	No	No	Yes-Fruit	No	Heavy (Moderate water demand)		Appletons or NZ Nursery	Great Fruit when Ripe. Wood is hard and flexible. Fruit can be a laxative, leaves are astringent, and seed is lithontripic.
99	Black Mulberry	Morus nigra	canopy	Sun, Shade	10	Any	Cold/Heat Tolerance	No	No	Yes-berries	No	Heavy	120 days stratification	Onsite or online	Used for high quality wood (boats, cooperage, fencing). Several Edible and Medicinal uses for fruit and leaves. Can be made into cloth Leaves and berries excellent chicken food
100	Mulberries	Morus spp.	canopy	Sun, Shade	10	Any	Cold/Heat Tolerance	No	No	Yes-berries	No	Heavy	120 days stratification	Onsite or online	Used for high quality wood (boats, cooperage, fencing). Several Edible and Medicinal uses for fruit and leaves. Can be made into cloth.