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11 | ITU/BDT Classification: Africa | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
12 | Country | Separate telecom/ICT regulator exists | If No, please name the entity responsible for regulation. | Year separate regulator created | Who/what determines the organizational structure of the Regulatory Authority? | Can the regulator modify its internal organizational structure without seeking approval from a higher governmental authority/institution (i.e., create, dismantle, merge or in any other manner modify its departments/bureaus/divisions)? | Is the Regulatory Authority autonomous in its decision-making? | Authority approving regulatory decisions | If only some decisions are submitted for approval, which are those? | If Yes, can the Sector Ministry or the Government overrule decisions of the Regulatory Authority? | Are there ethics rules in place that apply to the regulator’s staff, including Head/Chairperson and Members/Commissioners (e.g., improper acceptance of gifts, personal and financial conflicts of interest, post employment-obligations, etc.)? | |||||||||||||||
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14 | Angola | Yes | ⊠ Technical decisions ⊠ Frequency allocations ⊠ Tariffs/ Pricing | |||||||||||||||||||||||
15 | Benin | Yes | 2018 | ⊠ Head/Board of Regulatory Authority | Yes | ◉ Yes, for all decisions | ⊠ Technical decisions ⊠ Administrative decisions ⊠ Frequency allocations ⊠ Tariffs/ Pricing | ◉ No | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
16 | Botswana | Yes | 2013 | ⊠ Head/Board of Regulatory Authority | Yes | ◉ Yes, for all decisions | ◉ No | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
17 | Burkina Faso | Yes¹ | 1998¹ | ⊠ Regulation, please specify : décret portant attribution, composition, organisation et fonctionnement de l'Autorité de régulation, décisions portant organisation et fonctionnement des services de l'Autorité¹ | Yes¹ | ◉ Yes, for some decisions¹ | ⊠ Other, please specify : Le Budget, la grille salariale et indemnitaire du personnel¹ | ◉ No¹ | Yes¹ | |||||||||||||||||
18 | Burundi | Yes | 1997 | ⊠ Regulation, please specify | No | ◉ Yes, for some decisions | ⊠ Administrative decisions | ◉ Yes | No | |||||||||||||||||
19 | Cabo Verde | Yes | 2018 | ⊠ Head/Board of Regulatory Authority | Yes | ◉ Yes, for all decisions | ◉ No | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
20 | Cameroon | Yes | 1998 | ⊠ Head/Board of Regulatory Authority | Yes | ◉ Yes, for some decisions | ⊠ Technical decisions ⊠ Administrative decisions ⊠ Tariffs/ Pricing ⊠ Universal Service/Access obligation ⊠ Other, please specify : Identification d'abonnés, gestion des ressources de numérotation | ◉ Yes | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
21 | Central African Rep. | Yes | 2017 | Yes | Yes | |||||||||||||||||||||
22 | Chad | Yes¹ | 2014¹ | ⊠ Sector minister ⊠ Law, please specify¹ | Yes¹ | ◉ Yes, for some decisions¹ | ⊠ Administrative decisions ⊠ Universal Service/Access obligation ⊠ Other, please specify : Sanctions administratives.¹ | ◉ Yes¹ | Yes¹ | |||||||||||||||||
23 | Congo (Rep. of the) | Yes | 2009 | ⊠ Head of Government/ Government ⊠ Head/Board of Regulatory Authority ⊠ Law, please specify : Loi n°11 du 25 novembre 2009 ⊠ Regulation, please specify : Décret n° 2009-477 du 24 décembre 2009 portant approbations des statuts de l'ARPCE | Yes | ◉ Yes, for all decisions | ◉ No | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
24 | Côte d'Ivoire | Yes | 2012 | ⊠ Head/Board of Regulatory Authority | Yes | ◉ Yes, for all decisions | ◉ Yes | |||||||||||||||||||
25 | Dem. Rep. of the Congo | Yes⁵ | 2002⁵ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
26 | Equatorial Guinea | Yes | Ministerio de Transportes, Correos y Telecomunicaciones | 2007 | ⊠ Law, please specify : Ley 7/2005 Artículo 22 | Yes | ◉ No | ⊠ Technical decisions ⊠ Administrative decisions ⊠ Tariffs/ Pricing ⊠ Universal Service/Access obligation ⊠ Other, please specify : Resoluciones en materia de Regulación (Mercados, PSM, Obligaciones, conflictos, sanciones, etc.) | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
27 | Eritrea | Yes⁷ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
28 | Eswatini | No¹ | Eswatini Communications Commission¹ | 2013¹ | ⊠ Head/Board of Regulatory Authority¹ | Yes¹ | ◉ Yes, for all decisions¹ | ⊠ Frequency allocations¹ | ◉ No¹ | Yes¹ | ||||||||||||||||
29 | Ethiopia | No² | Communication and Information Technology Standardization and Regulation Directorate² | |||||||||||||||||||||||
30 | Gabon | Yes | 2001 | ⊠ Head/Board of Regulatory Authority ⊠ Law, please specify : Loi n°005/2001-ordonnance n°008/PR/2012 du 13 février 2012 | Yes | ◉ Yes, for some decisions | ⊠ Technical decisions ⊠ Administrative decisions ⊠ Tariffs/ Pricing | ◉ No | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
31 | Gambia | Yes⁷ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
32 | Ghana | Yes | 1996 | ⊠ Head/Board of Regulatory Authority ⊠ Law, please specify : NCA ACT,1996 ACT 524 | Yes | ◉ Yes, for some decisions | ⊠ Other, please specify : Policy Issues | ◉ Yes | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
33 | Guinea | Yes | 2005 | ⊠ Head/Board of Regulatory Authority ⊠ Law, please specify : Loi N°/2015/018/AN relative aux télécommunications et aux technologies de l'information | Yes | ◉ Yes, for all decisions | ||||||||||||||||||||
34 | Guinea-Bissau | Yes | ARN | 1999 | ⊠ Regulation, please specify : statut et réglemenmt intern | Yes | ◉ Yes, for all decisions | ◉ No | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
35 | Kenya | Yes | 1998 | ⊠ Head/Board of Regulatory Authority | No | ◉ Yes, for some decisions | ⊠ Other, please specify : Budgets estimates and surplus | ◉ In some cases, please explain : Decisions that are contrary to sector policy and law can be overruled, decisions that inconsistent with Public Interest and decisions in the interest of National Security | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
36 | Lesotho | Yes | 2000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
37 | Liberia | Yes | 2007 | Yes | Yes | |||||||||||||||||||||
38 | Madagascar | Yes | 1997 | ⊠ Head/Board of Regulatory Authority | Yes | ◉ Yes, for some decisions | ⊠ Other, please specify : approbation du budjet | ◉ In some cases, please explain : si elles ne sont pas conformes aux contenus des documents par rapport à la politique sectorielle de I’Etat dont il est en charge. | No | |||||||||||||||||
39 | Malawi | Yes | 1998 | ⊠ Head of Government/ Government ⊠ Head/Board of Regulatory Authority ⊠ Law, please specify : Additional functions as stipulated by Law | Yes | ◉ Yes, for some decisions | ⊠ Other, please specify : Licensing new operators, promulgation of new regulations, laws | ◉ In some cases, please explain : Implementation of directives where Ministry assumes there was no enough or thorough consultation. | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
40 | Mali | Yes | Autorité Malienne de Régulation des Télécommunications/TIC et des Postes (AMRTP) | 2011 | ⊠ Head/Board of Regulatory Authority | Yes | ◉ Yes, for all decisions | ◉ No | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
41 | Mauritius | Yes | 2001 | ⊠ Head/Board of Regulatory Authority ⊠ Law, please specify : Information and Communication Technologies Act 2001 | Yes | ◉ No | ⊠ Technical decisions ⊠ Administrative decisions ⊠ Frequency allocations ⊠ Tariffs/ Pricing ⊠ Universal Service/Access obligation | ◉ No | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
42 | Mozambique | Yes | INCM | ◉ Yes, for all decisions | ||||||||||||||||||||||
43 | Namibia | Yes | 2011 | ⊠ Head/Board of Regulatory Authority | Yes | ◉ Yes, for some decisions | ⊠ Technical decisions ⊠ Administrative decisions ⊠ Frequency allocations ⊠ Tariffs/ Pricing ⊠ Universal Service/Access obligation | ◉ No | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
44 | Niger | Yes | 1999 | ⊠ Head/Board of Regulatory Authority ⊠ Law, please specify : Loi N°2018-47 du 12 juillet 2018 | Yes | ◉ Yes, for some decisions | ⊠ Technical decisions ⊠ Administrative decisions ⊠ Frequency allocations ⊠ Tariffs/ Pricing ⊠ Universal Service/Access obligation | ◉ No | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
45 | Nigeria | Yes | 2003 | ⊠ Law, please specify : In line with the provisions of the legal framework setting up the Commission | Yes | ◉ Yes, for all decisions | ⊠ Administrative decisions | ◉ In some cases, please explain : On budget and procurement- related matters | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
46 | Rwanda | Yes | 2001 | ⊠ Head/Board of Regulatory Authority | Yes | ◉ Yes, for all decisions | ◉ In some cases, please explain : If the security of Rwanda or of a foreigner country is affected by a decision of the Regulatory Authority | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
47 | Sao Tome and Principe | Yes | 2005 | ⊠ Head/Board of Regulatory Authority ⊠ Regulation, please specify : RÉGLEMENTATION INTERNE | Yes | ◉ Yes, for some decisions | ⊠ Other, please specify : Règlements, attribution de licences, application de certaines amendes et infraction administrative pour retrait d'une licence ou raccourcissement de la période de licence | ◉ In some cases, please explain : Il peut n'est pas accepter la proposition du Régulateur sur les décision que doit lui être soumises. | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
48 | Senegal | Yes | 2001 | ⊠ Head/Board of Regulatory Authority | Yes | ◉ Yes, for some decisions | ⊠ Board of the Regulatory Authority | ⊠ Administrative decisions | ◉ No | |||||||||||||||||
49 | Seychelles | No | Department of Information Communication Technology Note:DICT is responsible for both policy making and regulator of Broadcasting and Telecomunication Services. | |||||||||||||||||||||||
50 | Sierra Leone | No¹ | NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION¹ | 2006¹ | ⊠ Head/Board of Regulatory Authority¹ | Yes¹ | ◉ Yes, for some decisions¹ | ⊠ Tariffs/ Pricing¹ | ◉ In some cases, please explain : The sector ministry has powers to overrule some decisions of the regulatory authority.The minister has to ensure that the policy making, regulatory and enforcement strutures have the capacity to perform their respective functions comprehensively and fairly.¹ | Yes¹ | ||||||||||||||||
51 | South Africa | Yes | 2000 | ⊠ Sector minister ⊠ Head/Board of Regulatory Authority | Yes | ◉ Yes, for all decisions | ◉ No | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
52 | South Sudan | Yes¹ | 2015¹ | ⊠ Head/Board of Regulatory Authority¹ | Yes¹ | ◉ Yes, for some decisions¹ | ⊠ Administrative decisions¹ | ◉ Yes¹ | Yes¹ | |||||||||||||||||
53 | Tanzania | Yes | 2003 | ⊠ Sector minister ⊠ Head/Board of Regulatory Authority ⊠ Law, please specify : TCRA Act 2003 ⊠ Regulation, please specify | No | ◉ Yes, for some decisions | ⊠ Frequency allocations ⊠ Tariffs/ Pricing ⊠ Universal Service/Access obligation | ◉ In some cases, please explain : Licensing | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
54 | Togo | Yes | 1998 | ⊠ Sector minister ⊠ Head/Board of Regulatory Authority | Yes | ◉ Yes, for some decisions | ⊠ Tariffs/ Pricing ⊠ Universal Service/Access obligation | ◉ In some cases, please explain : Le Ministère peut demander à l'Autorité de revoir sa décision suivant une autre orientation | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
55 | Uganda | Yes⁷ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
56 | Zambia | Yes | 1994 | ⊠ Head/Board of Regulatory Authority | Yes | ◉ Yes, for all decisions | ⊠ Other, please specify : Policy related decisions | ◉ Yes | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
57 | Zimbabwe | Yes | 2000 | ⊠ Sector minister ⊠ Head/Board of Regulatory Authority | Yes | ◉ Yes, for some decisions | ⊠ Frequency allocations ⊠ Universal Service/Access obligation | ◉ In some cases, please explain | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
58 | ITU/BDT Classification: Arab States | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
59 | Country | Separate telecom/ICT regulator exists | If No, please name the entity responsible for regulation. | Year separate regulator created | Who/what determines the organizational structure of the Regulatory Authority? | Can the regulator modify its internal organizational structure without seeking approval from a higher governmental authority/institution (i.e., create, dismantle, merge or in any other manner modify its departments/bureaus/divisions)? | Is the Regulatory Authority autonomous in its decision-making? | Authority approving regulatory decisions | If only some decisions are submitted for approval, which are those? | If Yes, can the Sector Ministry or the Government overrule decisions of the Regulatory Authority? | Are there ethics rules in place that apply to the regulator’s staff, including Head/Chairperson and Members/Commissioners (e.g., improper acceptance of gifts, personal and financial conflicts of interest, post employment-obligations, etc.)? | |||||||||||||||
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61 | Algeria | Yes | 2001 | ⊠ Law, please specify : 18-04 fixant les règles générales relatives à la poste et aux communications électroniques | Yes | ◉ Yes, for all decisions | ◉ No | |||||||||||||||||||
62 | Bahrain | Yes¹ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
63 | Comoros | Yes | 2009 | ⊠ Head/Board of Regulatory Authority | Yes | ◉ Yes, for some decisions | ⊠ Administrative decisions ⊠ Tariffs/ Pricing | ◉ No | ||||||||||||||||||
64 | Djibouti | No⁷ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
65 | Egypt | Yes | 2003 | ⊠ Head/Board of Regulatory Authority | Yes | ◉ Yes, for all decisions | ◉ No | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
66 | Iraq | Yes | 2004 | ⊠ Head/Board of Regulatory Authority ⊠ Law, please specify | Yes | ◉ Yes, for all decisions | ◉ No | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
67 | Jordan | Yes | 1995 | ⊠ Head/Board of Regulatory Authority | No | ◉ Yes, for all decisions | Yes | |||||||||||||||||||
68 | Kuwait | Yes | 2014 | ⊠ Head/Board of Regulatory Authority ⊠ Law, please specify : CITRA LAW 2014 | Yes | ◉ Yes, for all decisions | ◉ In some cases, please explain : Cases related to National Securityand/or decision made by the Dispute Resolution Committee (seperate entity) | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
69 | Lebanon | Yes⁶ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
70 | Libya | No | ◉ No | |||||||||||||||||||||||
71 | Mauritania | Yes² | 1999² | ⊠ Law, please specify : Loi n°2001-018 ⊠ Regulation, please specify : Règlement interne² | Yes² | ◉ No² | Yes² | |||||||||||||||||||
72 | Morocco | Yes | L'Agence Nationale de la réglementation des Télécommunications est chargée de la régulation du secteur des télécommunication uniquement | 1997 | ⊠ Head/Board of Regulatory Authority ⊠ Law, please specify : 24.96 relative à la pose et aux télécommunications | Yes | ◉ Yes, for all decisions | ⊠ Other, please specify : questions stratégiques | ◉ No | No | ||||||||||||||||
73 | Oman | Yes | 2002 | ⊠ Head/Board of Regulatory Authority | Yes | ◉ Yes, for some decisions | ⊠ Universal Service/Access obligation ⊠ Other, please specify : Licenses based scarce recources | ◉ No | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
74 | Palestine | No | Ministry of telecom & IT | ◉ Yes, for some decisions | ||||||||||||||||||||||
75 | Qatar | Yes | 2014 | ⊠ None of the above, please specify : 1) Emiri Decision (42) of 2014 establishing the Communications Regulatory Authority, it sets out the organizational structure at the departments level. 2) Decision (28) of 2017 of the Minister of Transport and Communications on the organizational structure of the CRA at Sections level. | No | ◉ Yes, for some decisions | ⊠ Other, please specify : Sector policy, Market structure, Fees, National Numbering Plan, National Spectrum Plan, Individual Licenses. | ◉ No | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
76 | Saudi Arabia | Yes | 2001 | ⊠ Head/Board of Regulatory Authority | Yes | ◉ Yes, for all decisions | ⊠ Other, please specify : Commercial Provissioning Fees | ◉ In some cases, please explain : If there is any appeals in accordance with the telecom law | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
77 | Somalia | Yes¹ | National Communications Authority¹ | 2017¹ | ⊠ Head/Board of Regulatory Authority¹ | Yes¹ | ◉ Yes, for some decisions¹ | ⊠ Technical decisions ⊠ Frequency allocations ⊠ Tariffs/ Pricing¹ | ◉ No¹ | Yes¹ | ||||||||||||||||
78 | Sudan | Yes¹ | 1996¹ | ⊠ Head of Government/ Government¹ | Yes¹ | ◉ Yes, for some decisions¹ | ⊠ Technical decisions ⊠ Administrative decisions ⊠ Frequency allocations ⊠ Tariffs/ Pricing ⊠ Universal Service/Access obligation¹ | ◉ In some cases, please explain : If there is any dispute between the regulator and any of the licencees it will be raised to the Minister and the decision will be final¹ | Yes¹ | |||||||||||||||||
79 | Syrian Arab Republic | Yes | 2011 | ⊠ Head of Government/ Government ⊠ Head/Board of Regulatory Authority | Yes | ◉ Yes, for some decisions | ⊠ None of the above, please specify | ⊠ Universal Service/Access obligation | ◉ Yes | Yes | ||||||||||||||||
80 | Tunisia | Yes | 2001 | ⊠ Head/Board of Regulatory Authority | ◉ Yes, for all decisions | ⊠ Technical decisions ⊠ Tariffs/ Pricing ⊠ Universal Service/Access obligation | ◉ No | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
81 | United Arab Emirates | Yes | 2004 | ⊠ Head/Board of Regulatory Authority | Yes | ◉ Yes, for all decisions | ◉ No | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
82 | Yemen | No⁷ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
83 | ITU/BDT Classification: Asia & Pacific | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
84 | Country | Separate telecom/ICT regulator exists | If No, please name the entity responsible for regulation. | Year separate regulator created | Who/what determines the organizational structure of the Regulatory Authority? | Can the regulator modify its internal organizational structure without seeking approval from a higher governmental authority/institution (i.e., create, dismantle, merge or in any other manner modify its departments/bureaus/divisions)? | Is the Regulatory Authority autonomous in its decision-making? | Authority approving regulatory decisions | If only some decisions are submitted for approval, which are those? | If Yes, can the Sector Ministry or the Government overrule decisions of the Regulatory Authority? | Are there ethics rules in place that apply to the regulator’s staff, including Head/Chairperson and Members/Commissioners (e.g., improper acceptance of gifts, personal and financial conflicts of interest, post employment-obligations, etc.)? | |||||||||||||||
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86 | Afghanistan | Yes | 2005 | ⊠ None of the above, please specify : Structure is created by Board of the regulatory and approved by the High Economic Council (HEC). | No | ◉ Yes, for some decisions | ⊠ Universal Service/Access obligation ⊠ Other, please specify : Budgeting, Telecom Licenses, Structure and staffing, penalties issues and so on. | ◉ In some cases, please explain | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
87 | Australia | Yes | 2005 | ⊠ Parliament ⊠ Law, please specify : Australian Communications and Media Authority Act 2005 | Yes | ◉ Yes, for some decisions | ⊠ Administrative decisions | ◉ In some cases, please explain : certain legislative instruments may be disallowed by Parliament, and the Minister can give directions to the ACMA requiring it to exercise its powers and functions in particular ways. | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
88 | Bangladesh | Yes | 2002 | ⊠ Head of Government/ Government | No | ◉ Yes, for some decisions | ⊠ Tariffs/ Pricing ⊠ Other, please specify : Licensing | ◉ In some cases, please explain : in the specified issues | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
89 | Bhutan | Yes | ⊠ None of the above, please specify : Royal Civil Service Comission | No | ◉ Yes, for some decisions | ⊠ Other, please specify : Policies | Yes | |||||||||||||||||||
90 | Brunei Darussalam | Yes¹ | 2003¹ | ⊠ Head/Board of Regulatory Authority¹ | No¹ | ◉ No¹ | ⊠ Board of the Regulatory Authority ⊠ Sector Minister¹ | ⊠ Administrative decisions ⊠ Frequency allocations ⊠ Tariffs/ Pricing ⊠ Universal Service/Access obligation ⊠ Other, please specify : Administrative decisions limited to organizational structure and high-level recruitment of staff.¹ | ◉ Yes¹ | Yes¹ | ||||||||||||||||
91 | Cambodia | Yes | 2012 | ⊠ Law, please specify : Law on Telecommunications | No | ◉ Yes, for some decisions | ⊠ Frequency allocations ⊠ Tariffs/ Pricing ⊠ Universal Service/Access obligation ⊠ Other, please specify : License fee, Research and Development Fee | ◉ In some cases, please explain : Though there is no law mandates it, but there have been cases overuled the Regulator's decisions | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
92 | China | No | 信息通信管理局、信息通信发展司、网络安全管理局、无线电管理局 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
93 | Dem. People's Rep. of Korea | No⁷ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
94 | Fiji | Yes⁷ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
95 | Hong Kong, China | Yes | 2012 | ⊠ None of the above, please specify : Legislative Council | Yes | ◉ Yes, for all decisions | ◉ In some cases, please explain : In general, decisions of the CA cannot be overruled by the sector ministry or the government, except for the appeal mechanisms as stipulated in the relevant ordinances. | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
96 | India | Yes | 1997 | ⊠ Head of Government/ Government ⊠ Sector minister ⊠ Head/Board of Regulatory Authority ⊠ Regulation, please specify : The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (Officers and Staff Appointment) Regulation, 2001 | Yes | ◉ Yes, for all decisions | ⊠ Other, please specify : Recommendations of TRAI are sent to Government for | ◉ In some cases, please explain : The Sector Ministry or the Government can also refer the recommendations back to TRAI seeking more clarifications | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
97 | Indonesia | Yes | Indonesian Telecommunication Regulatory Authority (BRTI) | 2003 | ⊠ Sector minister | No | ◉ Yes, for some decisions | ⊠ Frequency allocations ⊠ Tariffs/ Pricing ⊠ Universal Service/Access obligation | ◉ In some cases, please explain : In the case that decisions of the Regulatory Authority contravene with the Sector Ministry policy | Yes | ||||||||||||||||
98 | Iran (Islamic Republic of) | Yes | 2003 | ⊠ Head of Government/ Government ⊠ Law, please specify : Law of establishment of ICT ministry | No | ◉ Yes, for all decisions | ⊠ Administrative decisions ⊠ Tariffs/ Pricing | ◉ No | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
99 | Japan | No | Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications | ◉ Yes, for all decisions | ||||||||||||||||||||||
100 | Kiribati | Yes⁷ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||